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Page 1: 1.8 division i w

Division I

http://www.lahc.edu/math/frankma.htm

Page 2: 1.8 division i w

Division is the operation of dividing a given amount into a prescribed number of equal parts.

Division I

Page 3: 1.8 division i w

Division is the operation of dividing a given amount into a prescribed number of equal parts.

Division I

Page 4: 1.8 division i w

Division is the operation of dividing a given amount into a prescribed number of equal parts.

For example, if three people share a dozen apples, then each person gets four apples and there is no leftovers.

Division I

Page 5: 1.8 division i w

Division is the operation of dividing a given amount into a prescribed number of equal parts.

For example, if three people share a dozen apples, then each person gets four apples and there is no leftovers.

In this case, we say that “12 divides evenly by 3”.

Division I

Page 6: 1.8 division i w

Division is the operation of dividing a given amount into a prescribed number of equal parts.

For example, if three people share a dozen apples, then each person gets four apples and there is no leftovers.

In this case, we say that “12 divides evenly by 3”. We write this as “12 ÷ 3 = 4” which translates into“if 12 is divided into 3 equal parts, then each part is 4”.

Division I

Page 7: 1.8 division i w

Division is the operation of dividing a given amount into a prescribed number of equal parts.

For example, if three people share a dozen apples, then each person gets four apples and there is no leftovers.

In this case, we say that “12 divides evenly by 3”. We write this as “12 ÷ 3 = 4” which translates into“if 12 is divided into 3 equal parts, then each part is 4”.

In general, the expression

T ÷ D = Q

Division I

Page 8: 1.8 division i w

Division is the operation of dividing a given amount into a prescribed number of equal parts.

For example, if three people share a dozen apples, then each person gets four apples and there is no leftovers.

In this case, we say that “12 divides evenly by 3”. We write this as “12 ÷ 3 = 4” which translates into“if 12 is divided into 3 equal parts, then each part is 4”.

In general, the expression

T ÷ D = Q

The total T is the dividend,

Division I

Page 9: 1.8 division i w

Division is the operation of dividing a given amount into a prescribed number of equal parts.

For example, if three people share a dozen apples, then each person gets four apples and there is no leftovers.

In this case, we say that “12 divides evenly by 3”. We write this as “12 ÷ 3 = 4” which translates into“if 12 is divided into 3 equal parts, then each part is 4”.

In general, the expression

T ÷ D = Q

The total T is the dividend,

The number of parts D is the divisor.

Division I

Page 10: 1.8 division i w

Division is the operation of dividing a given amount into a prescribed number of equal parts.

For example, if three people share a dozen apples, then each person gets four apples and there is no leftovers.

In this case, we say that “12 divides evenly by 3”. We write this as “12 ÷ 3 = 4” which translates into“if 12 is divided into 3 equal parts, then each part is 4”.

In general, the expression

T ÷ D = Q

The total T is the dividend,

The number of parts D is the divisor.

Q is the quotient.

Division I

Page 11: 1.8 division i w

Division is the operation of dividing a given amount into a prescribed number of equal parts.

For example, if three people share a dozen apples, then each person gets four apples and there is no leftovers.

In this case, we say that “12 divides evenly by 3”. We write this as “12 ÷ 3 = 4” which translates into“if 12 is divided into 3 equal parts, then each part is 4”.

In general, the expression

T ÷ D = Q

says that “if T is divided into D equal parts, then each part is Q.”

The total T is the dividend,

The number of parts D is the divisor.

Q is the quotient.

Division I

Page 12: 1.8 division i w

Division is the operation of dividing a given amount into a prescribed number of equal parts.

For example, if three people share a dozen apples, then each person gets four apples and there is no leftovers.

In this case, we say that “12 divides evenly by 3”. We write this as “12 ÷ 3 = 4” which translates into“if 12 is divided into 3 equal parts, then each part is 4”.

In general, the expression

T ÷ D = Q

says that “if T is divided into D equal parts, then each part is Q.”

The total T is the dividend,

The number of parts D is the divisor.

Q is the quotient.

If T ÷ D = Q then T = D x Q or that D and Q are factors of T,

Division I

Page 13: 1.8 division i w

Division is the operation of dividing a given amount into a prescribed number of equal parts.

For example, if three people share a dozen apples, then each person gets four apples and there is no leftovers.

In this case, we say that “12 divides evenly by 3”. We write this as “12 ÷ 3 = 4” which translates into“if 12 is divided into 3 equal parts, then each part is 4”.

In general, the expression

T ÷ D = Q

says that “if T is divided into D equal parts, then each part is Q.”

The total T is the dividend,

The number of parts D is the divisor.

Q is the quotient.

If T ÷ D = Q then T = D x Q or that D and Q are factors of T, e.g. 12 ÷ 3 = 4 so 12 = 3(4), so both 3 and 4 are factors of 12.

Division I

Page 14: 1.8 division i w

If four people are to share 11 apples, assuming that no cutting is allowed, then each person gets two and there are three apples left over:

Division I

Page 15: 1.8 division i w

If four people are to share 11 apples, assuming that no cutting is allowed, then each person gets two and there are three apples left over:

the remainder R

Division I

Page 16: 1.8 division i w

If four people are to share 11 apples, assuming that no cutting is allowed, then each person gets two and there are three apples left over:

We call the three leftover apples the remainder R.

the remainder R

Division I

Page 17: 1.8 division i w

If four people are to share 11 apples, assuming that no cutting is allowed, then each person gets two and there are three apples left over:

We call the three leftover apples the remainder R. We write this as “11 ÷ 4 = 2 with R = 3, or with remainder 3.”

the remainder R

Division I

Page 18: 1.8 division i w

If four people are to share 11 apples, assuming that no cutting is allowed, then each person gets two and there are three apples left over:

We call the three leftover apples the remainder R. We write this as “11 ÷ 4 = 2 with R = 3, or with remainder 3.”

the remainder R

In general, the expression“T ÷ D = Q with remainder R”

says that “if the total T is divided into D equal parts or groups, then each part is Q, with R leftover.”

Division I

Page 19: 1.8 division i w

If four people are to share 11 apples, assuming that no cutting is allowed, then each person gets two and there are three apples left over:

We call the three leftover apples the remainder R. We write this as “11 ÷ 4 = 2 with R = 3, or with remainder 3.”

the remainder R

In general, the expression“T ÷ D = Q with remainder R”

says that “if the total T is divided into D equal parts or groups,

For example, 7 ÷ 2 = 3 with R = 1 means:

then each part is Q, with R leftover.”

Division I

Page 20: 1.8 division i w

If four people are to share 11 apples, assuming that no cutting is allowed, then each person gets two and there are three apples left over:

We call the three leftover apples the remainder R. We write this as “11 ÷ 4 = 2 with R = 3, or with remainder 3.”

the remainder R

In general, the expression“T ÷ D = Q with remainder R”

says that “if the total T is divided into D equal parts or groups,

For example, 7 ÷ 2 = 3 with R = 1 means:

2 groups

then each part is Q, with R leftover.”

Division I

Page 21: 1.8 division i w

If four people are to share 11 apples, assuming that no cutting is allowed, then each person gets two and there are three apples left over:

We call the three leftover apples the remainder R. We write this as “11 ÷ 4 = 2 with R = 3, or with remainder 3.”

the remainder R

In general, the expression“T ÷ D = Q with remainder R”

says that “if the total T is divided into D equal parts or groups,

For example, 7 ÷ 2 = 3 with R = 1 means:

2 groups 3 in a group

then each part is Q, with R leftover.”

Division I

Page 22: 1.8 division i w

If four people are to share 11 apples, assuming that no cutting is allowed, then each person gets two and there are three apples left over:

We call the three leftover apples the remainder R. We write this as “11 ÷ 4 = 2 with R = 3, or with remainder 3.”

the remainder R

In general, the expression“T ÷ D = Q with remainder R”

says that “if the total T is divided into D equal parts or groups,

For example, 7 ÷ 2 = 3 with R = 1 means:

2 groups 3 in a group 1 remains

then each part is Q, with R leftover.”

Division I

Page 23: 1.8 division i w

If four people are to share 11 apples, assuming that no cutting is allowed, then each person gets two and there are three apples left over:

We call the three leftover apples the remainder R. We write this as “11 ÷ 4 = 2 with R = 3, or with remainder 3.”

the remainder R

In general, the expression“T ÷ D = Q with remainder R”

says that “if the total T is divided into D equal parts or groups,

Note we may recover the total by back tracking:

For example, 7 ÷ 2 = 3 with R = 1 means:

2 groups 3 in a group 1 remains

then each part is Q, with R leftover.”

Division I

Page 24: 1.8 division i w

If four people are to share 11 apples, assuming that no cutting is allowed, then each person gets two and there are three apples left over:

We call the three leftover apples the remainder R. We write this as “11 ÷ 4 = 2 with R = 3, or with remainder 3.”

the remainder R

In general, the expression“T ÷ D = Q with remainder R”

says that “if the total T is divided into D equal parts or groups,

Note we may recover the total by back tracking:

For example, 7 ÷ 2 = 3 with R = 1 means:

2 groups 3 in a group 1 remains

then each part is Q, with R leftover.”

2 x 3

Division I

Page 25: 1.8 division i w

If four people are to share 11 apples, assuming that no cutting is allowed, then each person gets two and there are three apples left over:

We call the three leftover apples the remainder R. We write this as “11 ÷ 4 = 2 with R = 3, or with remainder 3.”

the remainder R

In general, the expression“T ÷ D = Q with remainder R”

says that “if the total T is divided into D equal parts or groups,

Note we may recover the total by back tracking:

For example, 7 ÷ 2 = 3 with R = 1 means:

2 groups 3 in a group 1 remains

then each part is Q, with R leftover.”

2 x 3 + 1 = 7

Division I

Page 26: 1.8 division i w

Following are important observations about the notation

“T ÷ D = Q with remainder R.”

Division I

Page 27: 1.8 division i w

* The expression T ÷ 0 does not make sense.

Following are important observations about the notation

“T ÷ D = Q with remainder R.”

Division I

Page 28: 1.8 division i w

* The expression T ÷ 0 does not make sense.

Following are important observations about the notation

“T ÷ D = Q with remainder R.”

We may leave the total items as one group “T ÷ 1,” or separate them into two groups “T ÷ 2,” or three groups, etc…

Division I

Page 29: 1.8 division i w

But we can’t ask people to get in the bus(es) when there is no bus, we can’t divide something into no group.

* The expression T ÷ 0 does not make sense.

Following are important observations about the notation

“T ÷ D = Q with remainder R.”

We may leave the total items as one group “T ÷ 1,” or separate them into two groups “T ÷ 2,” or three groups, etc…

Division I

Page 30: 1.8 division i w

But we can’t ask people to get in the bus(es) when there is no bus, we can’t divide something into no group.

* The expression T ÷ 0 does not make sense.

Following are important observations about the notation

“T ÷ D = Q with remainder R.”

We may leave the total items as one group “T ÷ 1,” or separate them into two groups “T ÷ 2,” or three groups, etc…

* 0 ÷ T = 0, e.g. 0 ÷ 5 = 0.

Division I

Page 31: 1.8 division i w

But we can’t ask people to get in the bus(es) when there is no bus, we can’t divide something into no group.

* The expression T ÷ 0 does not make sense.

Following are important observations about the notation

“T ÷ D = Q with remainder R.”

We may leave the total items as one group “T ÷ 1,” or separate them into two groups “T ÷ 2,” or three groups, etc…

* 0 ÷ T = 0, e.g. 0 ÷ 5 = 0. If you divide nothing into groups, each group has nothing.

Division I

Page 32: 1.8 division i w

But we can’t ask people to get in the bus(es) when there is no bus, we can’t divide something into no group.

* T ÷ 1 = T, e.g. 5 ÷ 1 = 5.

* The expression T ÷ 0 does not make sense.

Following are important observations about the notation

“T ÷ D = Q with remainder R.”

We may leave the total items as one group “T ÷ 1,” or separate them into two groups “T ÷ 2,” or three groups, etc…

* 0 ÷ T = 0, e.g. 0 ÷ 5 = 0. If you divide nothing into groups, each group has nothing.

Division I

Page 33: 1.8 division i w

But we can’t ask people to get in the bus(es) when there is no bus, we can’t divide something into no group.

* T ÷ 1 = T, e.g. 5 ÷ 1 = 5.

* The expression T ÷ 0 does not make sense.

Following are important observations about the notation

“T ÷ D = Q with remainder R.”

We may leave the total items as one group “T ÷ 1,” or separate them into two groups “T ÷ 2,” or three groups, etc…

“T ÷ 1” means to leave the total as one group, and that one group consists of everyone.

* 0 ÷ T = 0, e.g. 0 ÷ 5 = 0. If you divide nothing into groups, each group has nothing.

Division I

Page 34: 1.8 division i w

But we can’t ask people to get in the bus(es) when there is no bus, we can’t divide something into no group.

* T ÷ 1 = T, e.g. 5 ÷ 1 = 5.

* The expression T ÷ 0 does not make sense.

Following are important observations about the notation

“T ÷ D = Q with remainder R.”

We may leave the total items as one group “T ÷ 1,” or separate them into two groups “T ÷ 2,” or three groups, etc…

“T ÷ 1” means to leave the total as one group, and that one group consists of everyone.

* 0 ÷ T = 0, e.g. 0 ÷ 5 = 0. If you divide nothing into groups, each group has nothing.

* Given that T ÷ D = Q with remainder R ,then the remainder R must be smaller than D.

Division I

Page 35: 1.8 division i w

But we can’t ask people to get in the bus(es) when there is no bus, we can’t divide something into no group.

* T ÷ 1 = T, e.g. 5 ÷ 1 = 5.

* The expression T ÷ 0 does not make sense.

Following are important observations about the notation

“T ÷ D = Q with remainder R.”

We may leave the total items as one group “T ÷ 1,” or separate them into two groups “T ÷ 2,” or three groups, etc…

“T ÷ 1” means to leave the total as one group, and that one group consists of everyone.

* 0 ÷ T = 0, e.g. 0 ÷ 5 = 0. If you divide nothing into groups, each group has nothing.

* Given that T ÷ D = Q with remainder R ,then the remainder R must be smaller than D. e.g. 11 ÷ 4 = 2 has remainder 3, which is smaller than 4.

Division I

Page 36: 1.8 division i w

But we can’t ask people to get in the bus(es) when there is no bus, we can’t divide something into no group.

* T ÷ 1 = T, e.g. 5 ÷ 1 = 5.

* The expression T ÷ 0 does not make sense.

Following are important observations about the notation

“T ÷ D = Q with remainder R.”

We may leave the total items as one group “T ÷ 1,” or separate them into two groups “T ÷ 2,” or three groups, etc…

“T ÷ 1” means to leave the total as one group, and that one group consists of everyone.

* 0 ÷ T = 0, e.g. 0 ÷ 5 = 0. If you divide nothing into groups, each group has nothing.

* Given that T ÷ D = Q with remainder R ,then the remainder R must be smaller than D. e.g. 11 ÷ 4 = 2 has remainder 3, We could have made the quotient more if there’s more to share.

which is smaller than 4.

Division I

Page 37: 1.8 division i w

* If T ÷ D = Q, i.e. T may be divided evenly by D, then T = D x Q,

Division I

Page 38: 1.8 division i w

* If T ÷ D = Q, i.e. T may be divided evenly by D, then T = D x Q, e.g. 12 ÷ 3 = 4 so 12 = 3(4).

Division I

Page 39: 1.8 division i w

* If T ÷ D = Q, i.e. T may be divided evenly by D, then T = D x Q, e.g. 12 ÷ 3 = 4 so 12 = 3(4).

* If T ÷ D = Q has remainder R, then T = D x Q + R

Division I

Page 40: 1.8 division i w

* If T ÷ D = Q, i.e. T may be divided evenly by D, then T = D x Q, e.g. 12 ÷ 3 = 4 so 12 = 3(4).

* If T ÷ D = Q has remainder R, then T = D x Q + R e.g. 7 ÷ 2 = 3 with R = 1

Division I

Page 41: 1.8 division i w

* If T ÷ D = Q, i.e. T may be divided evenly by D, then T = D x Q, e.g. 12 ÷ 3 = 4 so 12 = 3(4).

* If T ÷ D = Q has remainder R, then T = D x Q + R e.g. 7 ÷ 2 = 3 with R = 1

2 groups 3 in a group 1 remains

Division I

Page 42: 1.8 division i w

* If T ÷ D = Q, i.e. T may be divided evenly by D, then T = D x Q, e.g. 12 ÷ 3 = 4 so 12 = 3(4).

* If T ÷ D = Q has remainder R, then T = D x Q + R e.g. 7 ÷ 2 = 3 with R = 1 so 7 = 2 x 3 + 1

2 groups 3 in a group 1 remains

Division I

Page 43: 1.8 division i w

* If T ÷ D = Q, i.e. T may be divided evenly by D, then T = D x Q, e.g. 12 ÷ 3 = 4 so 12 = 3(4).

* If T ÷ D = Q has remainder R, then T = D x Q + R e.g. 7 ÷ 2 = 3 with R = 1 so 7 = 2 x 3 + 1

2 groups 3 in a group 1 remains

Example A.a. What is 1 ÷ 0?

b. What is 0 ÷1?

c. What is 7 ÷ 1?

d. Write the division 12 ÷ 6 = 2 in the multiplicative form.

e. Write the division “13 ÷ 6 = 2 with remainder 1” in the multiplication and addition form.

Division I

Page 44: 1.8 division i w

* If T ÷ D = Q, i.e. T may be divided evenly by D, then T = D x Q, e.g. 12 ÷ 3 = 4 so 12 = 3(4).

* If T ÷ D = Q has remainder R, then T = D x Q + R e.g. 7 ÷ 2 = 3 with R = 1 so 7 = 2 x 3 + 1

2 groups 3 in a group 1 remains

Example A.a. What is 1 ÷ 0?

b. What is 0 ÷1?

c. What is 7 ÷ 1?

d. Write the division 12 ÷ 6 = 2 in the multiplicative form.

e. Write the division “13 ÷ 6 = 2 with remainder 1” in the multiplication and addition form.

1 ÷ 0 is undefined.

Division I

Page 45: 1.8 division i w

* If T ÷ D = Q, i.e. T may be divided evenly by D, then T = D x Q, e.g. 12 ÷ 3 = 4 so 12 = 3(4).

* If T ÷ D = Q has remainder R, then T = D x Q + R e.g. 7 ÷ 2 = 3 with R = 1 so 7 = 2 x 3 + 1

2 groups 3 in a group 1 remains

Example A.a. What is 1 ÷ 0?

b. What is 0 ÷1?

c. What is 7 ÷ 1?

d. Write the division 12 ÷ 6 = 2 in the multiplicative form.

e. Write the division “13 ÷ 6 = 2 with remainder 1” in the multiplication and addition form.

1 ÷ 0 is undefined.0 ÷ 1 = 0.

Division I

Page 46: 1.8 division i w

* If T ÷ D = Q, i.e. T may be divided evenly by D, then T = D x Q, e.g. 12 ÷ 3 = 4 so 12 = 3(4).

* If T ÷ D = Q has remainder R, then T = D x Q + R e.g. 7 ÷ 2 = 3 with R = 1 so 7 = 2 x 3 + 1

2 groups 3 in a group 1 remains

Example A.a. What is 1 ÷ 0?

b. What is 0 ÷1?

c. What is 7 ÷ 1?

d. Write the division 12 ÷ 6 = 2 in the multiplicative form.

e. Write the division “13 ÷ 6 = 2 with remainder 1” in the multiplication and addition form.

1 ÷ 0 is undefined.0 ÷ 1 = 0.

Division I

7 ÷ 1 = 7

Page 47: 1.8 division i w

* If T ÷ D = Q, i.e. T may be divided evenly by D, then T = D x Q, e.g. 12 ÷ 3 = 4 so 12 = 3(4).

* If T ÷ D = Q has remainder R, then T = D x Q + R e.g. 7 ÷ 2 = 3 with R = 1 so 7 = 2 x 3 + 1

2 groups 3 in a group 1 remains

Example A.a. What is 1 ÷ 0?

b. What is 0 ÷1?

c. What is 7 ÷ 1?

d. Write the division 12 ÷ 6 = 2 in the multiplicative form.

e. Write the division “13 ÷ 6 = 2 with remainder 1” in the multiplication and addition form.

1 ÷ 0 is undefined.0 ÷ 1 = 0.

7 ÷ 1 = 7

12 ÷ 6 = 2 in the multiplicative form is 12 = 6 x 2.

Division I

Page 48: 1.8 division i w

* If T ÷ D = Q, i.e. T may be divided evenly by D, then T = D x Q, e.g. 12 ÷ 3 = 4 so 12 = 3(4).

* If T ÷ D = Q has remainder R, then T = D x Q + R e.g. 7 ÷ 2 = 3 with R = 1 so 7 = 2 x 3 + 1

2 groups 3 in a group 1 remains

Example A.a. What is 1 ÷ 0?

b. What is 0 ÷1?

c. What is 7 ÷ 1?

d. Write the division 12 ÷ 6 = 2 in the multiplicative form.

e. Write the division “13 ÷ 6 = 2 with remainder 1” in the multiplication and addition form.

1 ÷ 0 is undefined.0 ÷ 1 = 0.

7 ÷ 1 = 7

12 ÷ 6 = 2 in the multiplicative form is 12 = 6 x 2.

The multiplicative form is “13 = 6 x 2 + 1”.

Division I

Page 49: 1.8 division i w

The Vertical Format Division I

Page 50: 1.8 division i w

We demonstrate the vertical long-division format below.The Vertical Format

Division I

Page 51: 1.8 division i w

We demonstrate the vertical long-division format below.The Vertical Format

Steps. i. (Front-in Back-out)Put the problem in the long division format with the back-number (the divisor) outside, and the front-number (the dividend) inside the scaffold.

Division I

Page 52: 1.8 division i w

We demonstrate the vertical long-division format below.The Vertical Format

Example B. a. Write 6 ÷ 2 as Steps. i. (Front-in Back-out)Put the problem in the long division format with the back-number (the divisor) outside, and the front-number (the dividend) inside the scaffold.“back-one”

outside )2 6

“front-one” inside

Division I

Page 53: 1.8 division i w

We demonstrate the vertical long-division format below.The Vertical Format

Example B. a. Write 6 ÷ 2 as

ii. Enter the quotient on top,

Steps. i. (Front-in Back-out)Put the problem in the long division format with the back-number (the divisor) outside, and the front-number (the dividend) inside the scaffold.“back-one”

outside )2 6

“front-one” inside

Division I

Page 54: 1.8 division i w

We demonstrate the vertical long-division format below.The Vertical Format

Example B. a. Write 6 ÷ 2 as

ii. Enter the quotient on top,

Steps. i. (Front-in Back-out)Put the problem in the long division format with the back-number (the divisor) outside, and the front-number (the dividend) inside the scaffold.“back-one”

outside )2 6

“front-one” inside

Enter the quotient on top

3

Division I

Page 55: 1.8 division i w

We demonstrate the vertical long-division format below.The Vertical Format

Example B. a. Write 6 ÷ 2 as

ii. Enter the quotient on top,Multiply the quotient back into the problem and subtract the results from the dividend (and bring down the rest of the digits, if any. This is the new dividend.)

Steps. i. (Front-in Back-out)Put the problem in the long division format with the back-number (the divisor) outside, and the front-number (the dividend) inside the scaffold.“back-one”

outside )2 6

“front-one” inside

Enter the quotient on top

3

Division I

Page 56: 1.8 division i w

We demonstrate the vertical long-division format below.The Vertical Format

Example B. a. Write 6 ÷ 2 as

ii. Enter the quotient on top,Multiply the quotient back into the problem and subtract the results from the dividend (and bring down the rest of the digits, if any. This is the new dividend.)

Steps. i. (Front-in Back-out)Put the problem in the long division format with the back-number (the divisor) outside, and the front-number (the dividend) inside the scaffold.“back-one”

outside )2 6

“front-one” inside

Enter the quotient on top

3

multiply the quotientback into the scaffold.

63 x 2

Division I

Page 57: 1.8 division i w

We demonstrate the vertical long-division format below.The Vertical Format

Example B. a. Write 6 ÷ 2 as

ii. Enter the quotient on top,Multiply the quotient back into the problem and subtract the results from the dividend (and bring down the rest of the digits, if any. This is the new dividend.)

Steps. i. (Front-in Back-out)Put the problem in the long division format with the back-number (the divisor) outside, and the front-number (the dividend) inside the scaffold.“back-one”

outside )2 6

“front-one” inside

Enter the quotient on top

3

multiply the quotientback into the scaffold.

63 x 2 0

The new dividend is 0,

Division I

Page 58: 1.8 division i w

We demonstrate the vertical long-division format below.The Vertical Format

Example B. a. Write 6 ÷ 2 as

ii. Enter the quotient on top,Multiply the quotient back into the problem and subtract the results from the dividend (and bring down the rest of the digits, if any. This is the new dividend.)

Steps. i. (Front-in Back-out)Put the problem in the long division format with the back-number (the divisor) outside, and the front-number (the dividend) inside the scaffold.“back-one”

outside )2 6

“front-one” inside

Enter the quotient on top

3

iii. If the new dividend is not enough to be divided by the divisor, stop. This is the remainder R. Otherwise, repeat steps i and ii.

multiply the quotientback into the scaffold.

63 x 2 0

The new dividend is 0,

Division I

Page 59: 1.8 division i w

We demonstrate the vertical long-division format below.The Vertical Format

Example B. a. Write 6 ÷ 2 as

ii. Enter the quotient on top,Multiply the quotient back into the problem and subtract the results from the dividend (and bring down the rest of the digits, if any. This is the new dividend.)

Steps. i. (Front-in Back-out)Put the problem in the long division format with the back-number (the divisor) outside, and the front-number (the dividend) inside the scaffold.“back-one”

outside )2 6

“front-one” inside

Enter the quotient on top

3

iii. If the new dividend is not enough to be divided by the divisor, stop. This is the remainder R. Otherwise, repeat steps i and ii.

multiply the quotientback into the scaffold.

63 x 2 0

The new dividend is 0, not enough to be divided again, stop. This is the remainder R.

Division I

Page 60: 1.8 division i w

We demonstrate the vertical long-division format below.The Vertical Format

Example B. a. Write 6 ÷ 2 as

ii. Enter the quotient on top,Multiply the quotient back into the problem and subtract the results from the dividend (and bring down the rest of the digits, if any. This is the new dividend.)

Steps. i. (Front-in Back-out)Put the problem in the long division format with the back-number (the divisor) outside, and the front-number (the dividend) inside the scaffold.“back-one”

outside )2 6

“front-one” inside

Enter the quotient on top

3

iii. If the new dividend is not enough to be divided by the divisor, stop. This is the remainder R. Otherwise, repeat steps i and ii.

multiply the quotientback into the scaffold.

63 x 2 0

The new dividend is 0, not enough to be divided again, stop. This is the remainder R.

So the remainder R is 0 and we have that 6 ÷ 2 = 3 evenly.

Division I

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b. Carry out the long division 7 ÷ 3.Division I

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b. Carry out the long division 7 ÷ 3.

Steps. i. (Front-in Back-out)Put the problem in the long division format with the back-number (the divisor) outside, and the front-number (the dividend) inside the scaffold.

Division I

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b. Carry out the long division 7 ÷ 3.

Steps. i. (Front-in Back-out)Put the problem in the long division format with the back-number (the divisor) outside, and the front-number (the dividend) inside the scaffold.

“back-one” outside )3 7

“front-one” inside

Division I

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b. Carry out the long division 7 ÷ 3.

Steps. i. (Front-in Back-out)Put the problem in the long division format with the back-number (the divisor) outside, and the front-number (the dividend) inside the scaffold.

“back-one” outside )3 7

“front-one” inside

Enter the quotient on top

2

Division I

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b. Carry out the long division 7 ÷ 3.

ii. Enter the quotient on top,Multiply the quotient back into the problem and subtract the results from the dividend (and bring down the rest of the digits, if any. This is the new dividend).

Steps. i. (Front-in Back-out)Put the problem in the long division format with the back-number (the divisor) outside, and the front-number (the dividend) inside the scaffold.

“back-one” outside )3 7

“front-one” inside

Division I

Enter the quotient on top

2

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b. Carry out the long division 7 ÷ 3.

ii. Enter the quotient on top,Multiply the quotient back into the problem and subtract the results from the dividend (and bring down the rest of the digits, if any. This is the new dividend).

Steps. i. (Front-in Back-out)Put the problem in the long division format with the back-number (the divisor) outside, and the front-number (the dividend) inside the scaffold.

“back-one” outside )3 7

“front-one” inside

Enter the quotient on top

2

multiply the quotientback into the scaffold.

62 x 3 1

Division I

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b. Carry out the long division 7 ÷ 3.

ii. Enter the quotient on top,Multiply the quotient back into the problem and subtract the results from the dividend (and bring down the rest of the digits, if any. This is the new dividend).

Steps. i. (Front-in Back-out)Put the problem in the long division format with the back-number (the divisor) outside, and the front-number (the dividend) inside the scaffold.

“back-one” outside )3 7

“front-one” inside

Enter the quotient on top

2

iii. If the new dividend is not enough to be divided by the divisor, stop. This is the remainder. Otherwise, repeat steps i and ii.

multiply the quotientback into the scaffold.

62 x 3 1

Division I

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b. Carry out the long division 7 ÷ 3.

ii. Enter the quotient on top,Multiply the quotient back into the problem and subtract the results from the dividend (and bring down the rest of the digits, if any. This is the new dividend).

Steps. i. (Front-in Back-out)Put the problem in the long division format with the back-number (the divisor) outside, and the front-number (the dividend) inside the scaffold.

“back-one” outside )3 7

“front-one” inside

Enter the quotient on top

2

iii. If the new dividend is not enough to be divided by the divisor, stop. This is the remainder. Otherwise, repeat steps i and ii.

multiply the quotientback into the scaffold.

62 x 3 1

The new dividend is 1, not enough to be divided again, so stop. This is the remainder.

Division I

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b. Carry out the long division 7 ÷ 3.

ii. Enter the quotient on top,Multiply the quotient back into the problem and subtract the results from the dividend (and bring down the rest of the digits, if any. This is the new dividend).

Steps. i. (Front-in Back-out)Put the problem in the long division format with the back-number (the divisor) outside, and the front-number (the dividend) inside the scaffold.

“back-one” outside )3 7

“front-one” inside

Enter the quotient on top

2

iii. If the new dividend is not enough to be divided by the divisor, stop. This is the remainder. Otherwise, repeat steps i and ii.

multiply the quotientback into the scaffold.

62 x 3 1

The new dividend is 1, not enough to be divided again, so stop. This is the remainder.

So the remainder is 1 and we have that 7 ÷ 3 = 2 with R = 1.

Division I

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b. Carry out the long division 7 ÷ 3.

ii. Enter the quotient on top,Multiply the quotient back into the problem and subtract the results from the dividend (and bring down the rest of the digits, if any. This is the new dividend).

Steps. i. (Front-in Back-out)Put the problem in the long division format with the back-number (the divisor) outside, and the front-number (the dividend) inside the scaffold.

“back-one” outside )3 7

“front-one” inside

Enter the quotient on top

2

iii. If the new dividend is not enough to be divided by the divisor, stop. This is the remainder. Otherwise, repeat steps i and ii.

multiply the quotientback into the scaffold.

62 x 3 1

The new dividend is 1, not enough to be divided again, so stop. This is the remainder.

So the remainder is 1 and we have that 7 ÷ 3 = 2 with R = 1.

Put the result in the multiplicative form, we have that 7 = 2 x 3 + 1.

Division I