2013

ENGLISH PMR:

GRAMMAR

TENSES

Parts of

speech

Definition Examples

Noun

(kata

nama)

A word that names a person, place,

thing, animal, concept or activity or

idea.

Uncountable nouns : cannot be

counted

Countable nouns : can be counted

tree, apple, orange, kitten,

hospital, frog

e.g.: The cat jumps over the

fence.

Verb

(kata

kerja)

A word that describes an action or

state

talk, eat, run, shout, jump, is ,

was, am.

e.g. : The cat climbs.

Pronoun

(ganti

nama)

A word that takes the place of a noun

I, he, she, it, they, we, our, itself

e.g.: Ali likes durian. He is

eating it now.

Adjective

(sifat

nama)

A word that describes a noun or

pronoun

beautiful, tall, clever, blue, red,

kind

e.g.: A beautiful clever girl.

Adverb

(sifat kata)

A word that gives more information

about a verb, an adjective or an

adverb

quickly, fast, slowly, very,

carefully

e.g.: The cat walks slowly and

quietly.

Parts Of

Speech

Definition Examples

Conjunction

(Kata

Hubung)

A word that joins two or

more words, phrases or

clauses.

and, or, but, however, therefore,

moreover, so, although

Interjection

(kata seruan)

A word used to show

strong feeling. Ouch! Wow! Ah! Ops! Hey!

PAST PRESENT FUTURE

SIMPLE SIMPLE

CONTINUOUS CONTINUOUS

PERFECT PERFECT

Singular (verb)

eat

catch

sleep

- - - - - -

eats

catches

sleeps

Plural (verb)

eat

catch

sleep

I

You

- - - - - - -

He

She

It

We

You

They

Simple Present

-Mother goes to the market twice a week. - Aina is a good girl. She always sleeps early. - He always comes to school early. - I eat noodles everyday.

Present Continuous (to show habitual action / something

that is happening)

Singular

am

- - - -

are

- - - -

is

( verb + ing )

eating

catching

sleeping

Plural

are

( verb + ing )

eating

catching

sleeping

I

- - - - -

You

- - - - -

He

She

It

We

You

They

- The teacher is teaching now. - I am sleeping early tonight. - They are eating noodles.

Present Perfect (To describe something that has ended or still

continuing)

- I have eaten noodles. - He has studied for PMR. - They have slept for 12 hours! - Ali ??? eaten two pieces of fried

chicken.

Singular

have

- - - - - -

has

(verb past

participle)

eaten

studied

slept

Plural

have

(verb past

participle)

eaten

studied

slept

I

You

- - - - - - -

He

She

It

We

You

They

Simple Past

-Mother went to the market yesterday. - Aina studied very late last night. - We ate fried fish for lunch.

Singular (verb)

ate

caught

studied

Plural (verb)

ate

caught

studied

I

You

He

She

It

We

You

They

Past Continuous (to show something that happened in the past

at the same time / something that happened at a specific moment in the past)

-Ali was eating fried chicken when I called. - You were sleeping while the teacher was teaching!

Singular

was

- - - --

were

( verb + ing )

eating

catching

lying

Plural

were

( verb + ing )

eating

catching

lying

I

He

She

It

- - - - - - -

You

We

You

They

Past Perfect (to show two events in the past)

-Ali had eaten fried chicken before he slept.

Singular

had

(verb past

participle)

eaten

caught

lied

Plural

had

(verb past participle)

eaten

caught

lied

I

You

He

She

It

We

You

They

Future Tense

-Ali will study for the test. - You will eat with your uncle tomorrow.

Singular

will

(base form verb)

eat

catch

study

Plural

will

(base form verb)

eat

catch

study

I

You

He

She

It

We

You

They

Practice: Present Tense Present Tense

Exercise 1 Each question in the text below refers to a numbered blank. For each question, choose the best answer from the options A, B, C and D to fit the numbered blanks

Malaysians like to go on picnics. On weekends and public holidays, picnickers ________(1) on beaches with their family or friends to ________(2) their minds and bodies. They ________(3) in the sea or just ________(4) on mats and ________(5) children splashing about.

When it ________(6) time for lunch, they help themselves heartily to the delicious food and drinks they ________(7) brought along with them. They listen to songs and ________(8) games. Children build sandcastles and ________(9) seashells.

Soon it is time to________(10) home. Everyone feels tired but happy.

1 A gather B gathered C gathers D gathering 2 A relax B relaxing C relaxed D relaxes 3 A swim B swum C swam D swimming 4 A lie B lay C laid D lies 5 A watch B watching C watched D watches 6 A was B is C were D are 7 A have B has C are D is 8 A play B playing C played D plays 9 A collects B collect C collected D collecting 10 A go B come C goes D comes

Practice: Tense Past Exercise 2 Each question in the text below refers to a numbered blank. For each question, choose the best answer from the options A, B, C and D to fit the numbered blanks A crowd of people ________ (1) inside the tent to see the circus. There ________ (2) a lot of clowns with red noses which seemed to glow. One of the clowns had a little monkey that ________(3) up a stick. Another one ________(4) to be a frog and jumped about on the grass, croaking. Everybody ________(5). One played funny tune on a flute. Then some acrobats _______(6) running into the ring while the band played some exciting music. They bowed to the crowd and then took off their cloaks and climbed up some ropes to the roof of the tent. The band ________ (7) playing. Then they began to swing from one rope to another, flying through the air like bird men! One of them seemed to slip in the middle of a flight. This ________(8) the crowd a fright, but he was only pretending. When acrobats ________(9), the band played a cheerful tune. This ________ (10) by a warm applause of the crowd. 1 A go B went C goes D going 2 A is B are C was D were 3 A climbed B climbing C climb D climbs 4 A pretend B pretending C pretended D pretends 5 A laughing B laughed C laugh D laughter 6 A come B came C coming D comes 7 A stopped B stop C stopping D stops 8 A give B gave C given D give 9 A finished B finishing C finish D finishes 10 A was followed B were followed C is followed D are followed

Prepositions

To show the location or position of something (on, in, under, across) To show direction (to, from, towards)

To show time (after, since, before)

Practice 1 I had been warned that the twins were not called the ‘Horrible Twins’ without any justification. However I was not prepared for the sight ________(1) my eyes. Eng Hock was sitting________(2) Eng Seng’s shoulders while Eng Hock was balancing an empty tin________(3) the tip of his nose. When I told them to stop their act, Eng Hock jumped________(4) Eng Seng’s shoulder and landed ________(5) me. Then he took out a matchbox ________(6) his pocket. He held the box ________(7) my face and suddenly opened it. There was a big spider________(8) in the box. Then, he held the spider ________(9) his thumb and forefinger. Next, he threw the spider over my head and it landed________(10) the table in front of me.

1 A before B by C at D in 2 A at B on C from D along 3 A near B from C over D on 4 A away B off C of D over 5 A over B at C beside D with 6 A in front of B under C from D below 7 A between B in C near D along 8 A in B on C beside D under 9 A over B on C between D in 10.A on B off C in D with

PMR 2010

Question 11 – 18 are based on the following text.

Ever had a common cold? It is infection occurring in the nose and throat. It is caused by viruses and normally ____(11)___ two to five days to recover. Viruses causing common colds are very contagious and ___(12)____ spread by sneezes and coughs.

The symptoms of a cold are runny nose and weepy eyes. ___(13)___ people also suffer from sore throat, headache and fever.

Preventive measures can be taken to avoid being bitten ___(14)___ a cold bug. Firstly, avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth with your hands. ___(15)___, always

cover your mouth when sneezing. It is advisable to use tissues rather than handkerchiefs as they can be discarded after use. Besides, avoid sharing utensils and personal items. Lastly, avoid contact with others suffering from cold.

If you suffer ___(16)___ a cold, you should rest. Resting helps to build up

___(17)___ immune system. Drinking at least eight glasses of water a day helps loosen mucus, enabling you to cough or blow out ___(18)___ . You can also gargle with warm, salty water to ease throat irritations. If all these fail to relieve your problem, consult a doctor.

11. A take B takes C taken D taking 12. A is B are C was D were 13. A All B Less C Few D Some 14. A by B from C with D in 15. A Finally B Later C Next D Soon 16. A of B for C with D from 17. A its B our C your D their 18. A easy B easily C easier D easiest

SEN

TEN

CE

CO

NST

RU

CTI

ON

Subject Verb

He

She

It

I

You

We

They

slept (in the room)

smiles (at me)

died (yesterday)

will go to Langkawi

were shopping there

have arrived at the jetty

are playing football

Simple sentence

•It must have at least one object and one verb

Subject + Verb : To show what happened in the story

SEN

TEN

CE

CO

NST

RU

CTI

ON

Simple sentence

•Subject + Verb + Object : To show action done on someone/

something else

Subject Verb Object

He

She

It

I

You

We

They

thanked

praises

is looking at

scolded

make

will read

eat

me

him

her

them

coffee

books

durians

SEN

TEN

CE

CO

NST

RU

CTI

ON

Simple sentence

•Subject + was / were + ing : To show what was happening

in the story (past continuous tense)

Subject Verb (to be) + ing

I He She It

was was was was

reading playing fishing

sleeping

You We

They

were were were

playing fishing

sleeping

SEN

TEN

CE

CO

NST

RU

CTI

ON

Simple sentence

Subject + was / were + what : To describe people, things,

place or time

Subject Verb (to be) Descriptive (adj)

He

She

It

I

You

We

They

was

was

was

was

were

were

were

happy

worried

hungry

surprised

angry

cold

young

(3A, 3B) PMR BASED EXERCISE (ESSAY WRITING)

(3C, 3D, 3E) PMR BASED EXERCISE (ESSAY WRITING)

Then, Rahim opened the bag. It was full of money. He was extremely shocked. He looked around but there was nobody nearby.

PRESENT TENSE: go goes PAST TENSE: went

the policeman the police station the bag

Soon after, After that, Then, Not long after that,