THE RISE OF ISLAMIC EMPIRES: GLOBALIZATION (Version 1.0)

IMPACT OF ISLAMIC WORLD Islamic civilizations

penetrated and was transformed by the regions into which it spread: Africa, India, Central Asia, and SE Asia

helped create the first globalized world due to trade

challenged and was challenged by European Christendom

ISIS, ISIL, OR ISLAMIC STATE?

The Middle East

WHAT WORLD WAS MOHAMMAD BORN INTO?

NOMADS

CITIES

The Prophet Mohammad: Messenger of God

*Pilgrimage *Charity *Profession of Faith *Prayer *Ramadan fasting

From Hijra to Umma: 622 CE

The Kaaba during Hajj

632 CE: The First Four Rightly Guided Caliphs

Expansion of Islam

How did the Arab Muslims treat conquered

peoples? Dhimmis (= people of the book: Jews,

Christians, Zoroastrians) paid jizya (special tax paid by non-Muslims) and were allowed to practice as before

Occupying armies stayed in garrison towns, apart from local population – eventually recruited from local populations

Leaders adapted Roman and Persian institutions

Conversion not by sword!

661: Umayyad Dynasty

The Sunni-Shia split

Umayyads: Capital of Damascus,

661-750

A comparison with contemporary empires

Case Study: Coins and their Imagery

Byzantine Coins

Coin 1 of Abd l Malik: 696 CE

Coin 2 of Abd Al Malik: 696-7 CE

‘There is no god except God alone, he has no partner; Muhammad is the Messenger of God whom he sent with guidance and the religion of truth that he may make it victorious over every other religion.’

Umayyad Mosque

Umayyad Mosque

Jerusalem

The Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem

Umayyad Caliphate flees to Spain,

750-1492

Abbasid Empire