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Surrealism
Early 20th Century
Origin
The movement originated in Paris early in the twentieth century and it's influence was seen across the arts; in writing, painting and sculpture. Surrealism was one of the most influential movements in the 1920s and 1930s.
Influence
André Breton founded the Surrealist movement in literature.
Sigmund Freud’s ideas on psychoanalysis and importance of dreams were a major influence. (‘The Interpretation of Dreams’ 1900)
Society was between two world wars.
Main Artists
Joan Miró (1893-1983)
Max Ernst (1891-1976)
René Magritte (1898-1967)
Salvador Dali (1904-1989)
Key Ideas
Surrealism provided an alternative to international abstract art
The Surrealist movement was a liberation and exploration of the subconscious mind.
The Surrealist painters did not conform to any set style of technique or subject.
Approaches
There were two basic approaches to Surrealist painting. 1. The first approach was 'automatism'......where
the artist drew freely. Miró painted this way.
2. The second approach was with the careful, realistic painting of scenes that made no rational sense. Dali and Magritte used this approach.
Born in Barcelona in 1893 Studied in Escuela de Bellas
Artesian de Francesco Galí Influenced by Masson,
Tzara, Breton He influence Arshile Gorky Won Venice Biennale Grand
Prize 1954 Guggenheim International
Award 1958
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Max Ernst Ernst explored
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Magritte Born in Lessines Studied Académie de Beaux
Arts, Brussels 1916 – 18 Meets Dadaist in 1925 Worked with Arp, Schwitters,
Tzara and Man Ray 1927 -29 lived in France and
meets Ernst, Dali, Breton and Eluard.
In 1966 – begins sculptures of paintings
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de Beaux Arts, Madrid Joined the Surrealist
in 1928 Declared support for
Franco, breaks with the Surrealist
Published his book ‘The Secret life of Salvador Dalí’ 1942
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Persistence of Memory
Metamorphosis of Narcissus
Metamorphosis of Narcissus
Acknowledgements
Art Associates Maria Moore
Margaret O’Shea
Local Facilitator TeamAine Andrews
Joe CaslinJane Campbell
Siobhan CampbellNiamh O’Donoghue
Niamh O’NeillKeith O’Rahilly
Sheena McKeonTony MorrisseyMonica White
Many thanks to the following for their invaluable contribution to the European Art History and Appreciation series of workshops and resource materials.
PDST Professional Development Service for Teachers
PDST Professional Development Service for Teachers
The PDST is funded by the Department of Education and
Skills under the National Development Plan 2007 -
2013
Cultural & Environmental Education
Professional Development Service for Teachers (PDST)Dublin West Education Centre,
Old Blessington Road,Tallaght,Dublin 24
National Co-ordinatorConor Harrison
Mobile: 087 240 5710E-mail: [email protected]
AdministratorAngie Grogan
Tel: 014528018 Fax: 014528010E-mail: [email protected].
