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Welcome back to Ancient History 2014!
What do you remember?
• Assessment criteria?
• COMARR?
Ancient History: Course of Study
Fall of the Roman Republic
Rise of Augustus
GladiatorsEurope in Transition
Year 12
Assessment
Extended Written Response
Written Research Assignment
Multi-modal Presentation
Additional Test Formats
Assessment
Administration
• m.ccmschools.edu.au
• Google+ plus.google.com
Power
http://www.nmimages.com/thumbs/L501_Pyramids.jpg
What is it?
Power is the ability to do
things and control others.
Simply put, power is the ability
to get the outcomes you want
and to affect the behaviour of
others to make this happen.Source: Held & Koenig-Archibugi, American Power in the 21st Century, p.125
Soft power
Soft power is about getting others
to want what you want…if I can get
you to want to do what I want, then
I do not have to force you to do
what you do not want. Simply put,
soft power is attractive power.Source: Held & Koenig-Archibugi, American Power in the 21st Century, p.125
Who?
Hard power
Military and economic power are
examples of “hard” and command
power that can be used to get
others to change their position.Source: Held & Koenig-Archibugi, American Power in the 21st Century, p.125
Who?
Power is universal and generational
Barry Kemp claims that the “ancient world contains the seeds of the modern world: TV news - presidential motorcades on thronged boulevards, excited crowds cheering a leader, public acts of worship”.
Source: www.ancientegyptmagazine.com/reviews05.htm
Who has power/influence in society today?
How many people can you identify in
this image?
For those that you can identify, what
type of power do they have?
Who had power in Ancient World?
Why?
How is it different to power today?
Key Question
To what extent can the quest for power by individuals during the Late Republic be attributed with bringing about its collapse?
Hypothesis:
Video – Crash Course Roman Republic
Ancient Rome had three forms of government
• Before the Republic it was a monarchy, ruled by kings
• 2nd period was a republic lasting until 27 BC
• Republic followed by the Empire, 27BC – 476 AD
Founding of Rome 753 BC Traditional founding of Rome by Romulus and Remus
Roman Republic 509 BC Overthrow of King Tarquin and destruction of monarchyEstablishment of Roman Republic
264-146BC Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage
44BC Julius Caesar assassinated marks the end of the Roman Republic
Roman Empire 31 BCOctavian Caesar defeats Mark
Antony and becomes emperor of Roman world. He is given title
Augustus.
476 AD Western Rome dies
Timeline of Ancient Rome
Roman Republic
133 BC Tribunates of Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
119-78 BC Military and Political Careers of Gaius Marius and Lucius Cornelius Sulla
78 – 28 BC The rise of Pompey and the career of Julius Caesar
44BC Julius Caesar assassinated marks the end of the Roman Republic
Roman Principate
31 BC – 14 ADOctavian Caesar defeats Mark
Antony and becomes emperor of Roman world. He is given title
Augustus.
Period of study we will focus on
Roman Republic – Key concepts and definitions
• Worksheet – Roman Republic – Key concepts and definitions
• Refer to Weekly Plan for questions
Video – Roman System of Government
Roman Society in the Early Republic
Roman Society
• An understanding of Roman society is necessary
• Politics and problems of the late republic originated in the organisation of society
What do these people have in common?
What do these people have in common?
Patricians:
In early Rome, the
patricians (patricii) were a
highly privileged aristocratic
class of Roman citizens;
membership in this class
was hereditary and could be
achieved only by birth until
the end of the Republic.
Plebeians:The plebeians (plebei, from plebs, “common people”) were all the Roman citizens who were not patricians. Originally, patricians were forbidden to marry plebeians, so there was no possibility of movement from one order to another.
Patricians Plebeians
• Patricians comprised perhaps 10% of the population• Patricians claimed descent from the three original tribes (Ramnes, Tities and Luceres)• Word ‘Patrician’ comes from patres, meaning fathers (of Rome)• In early days they monopolised all political power and honours
• Plebeians formed the mass of the citizenry• Origin is uncertain – maybe a combination of factors: foreigners from the conquered cities and former clients of the Patricians. Perhaps also there was once an economic distinction though not necessarily later• Word ‘Plebeian’ comes from plebes, meaning the masses• Gradually Plebs gained their rights
• Do you believe a Patrician/Plebeian divide exists within our society in the western world? Justify your position.
Patron-client system
• Public display of status was a very important feature of Roman society
• It was not enough to belong to one of the upper classes—status and rank had to be seen, to be publicly recognized, in order to be meaningful.
Patron-client system
• Patron-client relationship a major instrument for the public display of status.
• Romans called mutual support between upper-class men of relative—though competitive—equality amicitia, “friendship.”
• Nearly every aspect of Roman life was affected by the widespread system of patronage – Based on publicly acknowledged inequality between
patron (patronus) and client (cliens); – Prevalence of patronage in Roman society was both a
result and a cause of its hierarchical, status-conscious nature, as well as of the wide gulf between the upper and lower classes.
Patron-client system
• Patronage
a system of economic, social and political dependence on the part of poorer men on a richer man
• Patrons
rich men, originally Patricians, but increasingly Plebians, who kept a body of followers, known as clients
Patron-client system
• Two types of patronage:
PublicIn which a patron became the protector and supporter of a group (e.g., a craftsman's guild, a religious association, even an entire city); such patronage usually involved large gifts of money for public buildings, alimentary schemes, public entertainment, etc., but could also involve various forms of protection and advocacy.
PersonalIn which a patron aided an individual of lower status through money, gifts, dinner invitations, help with lawsuits or business affairs, and other forms of advice and protection. Patronage relationships might be maintained through several generations of the same families.
• Public patrons expected to receive public acknowledgment from their client groups – Statues and inscriptions;
• Personal patrons expected various forms of public displays of deference such as the morning greeting, accompanying the patron to the Forum, etc.
• During the Republic, both types of patrons demanded political support from their clients
• Patronage system made possible the rich legacy of Roman literature– Wealthy patrons provided authors with a livelihood and
expected in return commemoration in the literature or at least enhanced status as intellectuals.