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A CASE STUDY ANALYSIS of MICRO ENTERPRENEURS

JEEVIKA , MINAPUR

(Submitted in partial fulfillment of the course MBA)

SHIV SHANKAR CHAUDHARY

6/12/2012

CENTURION UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT ODISHA, PARALAKHENUNDI, INDIA

Contents

Acknowledgement.................................................................................... 3 List of Acronyms ..................................................................................... 4 Executive summary .................................................................................. 5

1 Background ........................................................................................ 6

2 Objectives............................................................................................ 6

3 Methodologies..................................................................................... 6

4 Working area....................................................................................... 7

5 Target Group........................................................................................ 7

6 Case studies ......................................................................................... 8

7 Summary & Conclusions..................................................................... 46

8 Annex

Annex: - 1 (Questionnaire for the interview with SHG member) ...... 47

9 Bibliographies..................................................................................... 51

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to thank the many villagers in the study areas, who gave me their time and

trusted me with information about their livelihoods. We hope that this study will lead to

results which will serve their aspirations for the wellbeing of their families.

The support of field and office administration staff of JEEVIKA cannot measure through

just words. The success of this project is not possible without their help. I would like to

thank all the Area Co-ordinator, Community Co-ordinator, and Community Mobilizer who

support me enough to identify the target group for the case study analysis.

The Management and Staff of the JEEVIKA project gave valuable support, direction, and

encouragement throughout the work. The special contribution of Mr. Rabindra Nath

Choudhary is gratefully acknowledged. He provided a friendly helping environment for

this study. I would also like to thank Mr. Surdeep Samdarshi, and Mr. Kaushal Kishore

Prasad for providing their support from their specialization area.

My special thanks go to respected mentors Debraj Behra State Project Manager,

Livelihood for providing an opportunity to study under their organization under his active

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supervision and Dr. Prof. E.M. Rejji for providing responsible guidance to make this study

successful at every stage.

List of Acronyms

BRLPS Bihar Rural livelihood Project Society

BLF Block Level Federation

C.C Community Co-ordinator

C.L.F Cluster Level Federation

C.I.F Community Investment Fund

C.R.P Community Resource Person

H.R.F Health Risk Fund

N.G.O Non Governmental Organization

S.H.G Self Help Group

V.O Village Organization

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Executive summary

To date the contribution of JEEVIKA to poverty deduction, economic development,

Social development is sufficient enough to prove its presence. The major objective of

JEEVIKA is to enhance social and economic empowerment of the rural poor in Bihar

through self managed community institutions of the rural poor, enhancing income of rural

poor through sustainable livelihoods, & increasing access to the social protection

including food security through greater voice. The rural poor are benefited through this

project through four different components. I.e. Community Institution Development where

SHG, V.O, and C.L.F are formed and in future B.L.F will be formed for the Institutional

Development of group member. The second component is Community Investment Fund

where the micro finance services are provided to improve livelihoods and quality of life of

the poor communities. The third component is Special Technical Assistance and

Development Fund where finance and technical support is provided to external agencies

which will partner with BRLPS promoted CBOs including SHGs, VOs, BLF, Producer

Group and Producer Company/ Cooperative/ Federations to improve access to financial

services, improve access to market, particularly working on the supply side; and

supporting innovations or innovative ideas in improving livelihoods or services delivery or

quality of life or reducing risks. This report is prepared to substantiate the effectiveness of

component and the strategy’s, JEEVIKA has adopted.

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The case studies attached in this report will present the socio-economic

development of a SHG member. The measurement of individual development can be done

by comparing their past and present as well as their future plan.

1.0 Background

Sustainable livelihood is an approach to make the poor rural people stable from

economical and social prospects. The ultimate target of the JEEVIKA is to make the poor

rural people stable from both social and economical aspects. Till march 2012 the total

number of SHGs is 196351 among them most of the SHG member are involve in

livelihood sector and earning some money to fulfil their family requirement. Whereas the

other member are either new or planning to enrol in income generating activity in near

future.

To measure the SHG member socio-economic development, certain component

are taken as a measure component like changes in community demograph, analysis of

housing development, demand of public, changes in employment and income level,

growth rate, level of education, health, and sanitation etc. In most of the cases the

participants have developed their life style after joining SHG in comparison to before

joining SHG. This case study also explain the impact of different sources of fund, role of

institutional development in their life, Cross benefit analysis, development in personal

awareness in different aspect of social subject.

2.0 Objective

The measure objective to prepare the case study is

To measure the socio-economical development of SHGs member.1 Data source: BPIU, Minapur, Muzaffarpur.

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To measure the contribution of different sources of fund.

To evaluate the role of institutional development in socio-economic development of SHGs

member.

To analyse the cross benefit analysis of the investment that SHG member had done.

3.0 Methodology

To prepare the case study the following methodology are applied.

1. Interview

Individual interview are done with the SHG member on the basis of certain questionnaire.

Systematic and well prepared questionnaires are asked to the member, which will present

the future socio-economic condition as well as present socio-economic status of the

concern member. A short interview with group leader was also done to tally the data

provided by the SHG member. The interviews are taken in their housing lots in very

friendly environment.

2. Direct observation

Under direct observation basically housing condition, Facility of toilet, children condition

and seen available assets/property are indirectly observed during or after interview. Direct

observation activities are done in such a manner, that concern SHG member will not guess

it.

4.0 Working Area

The case studies are prepared for the SHG member of Minapur block area under

Muzaffarpur district.

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MINAPUR

Source: EDA Rural system.

5.0 Target Group

The measure target group for the case study preparation are those members who are below

poverty line and are attached with SHGs group more than 1-4 year.

6.0 Case studies

Case -1

Effort to taste success

Meena Devi of 35 year old is one of the most active women of his village Madhubanni

under Mahdaiya Panchayat of Muzaffarpur District. Though she had a high level of

expectation and self confidence towards herself, lack of knowledge and support she is not

able to do anything. The major sources of income for her family is farming and only

farming in a small piece of land. So she feels very difficult to manage her family basic

requirement like- Food, Cloth, Shelter, Health, Education, etc. There is no mean of saving

in her family. So for the unplanned expenses she used to take loan from the money lender

at a high rate of interest. Her children are not admitted in to school. Even they are not

using any footwear, when she is marriage. She had no more social respect and she is

wasting her aesthetic quality. She is forced to live that life due to lack of resources. She

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had no mean of social respect. The traditional culture forced her to stay inside the house.

The people in her society do not have a positive thought towards those women who intend

to work outside the house. People do not have any interest with his family because of their

miserable situation. The level of health & sanitation in his family is very deplorable.

Meena and her family are not able to meet the required calories for her family.

She is waiting for an opportunity to make her social and economic status better. She has a

dream to make his family situation better than today. On the year 2008 she attained an

orientating program organized by Jeevika. When she knows the scope and opportunities

presented by Jeevika, she become quite interested and influenced by the project. She had a

belief that this project will change her family Socio Economic status. She joins the

Shankar Jeevika Self Help Group (SHG) on 2008 and nominated as a treasurer for the

group. She had quite leadership and groundbreaking skill which make other member and

supporting organization so ingrain. Due to her influential and aesthetic quality she is also

nominated as a member of Bank Linkage Committee and she is also appointed as a Village

Resource Person for the Madhubanni Village. She made a commitment that she will

improve not only her Social and Economical status but also improve the condition of the

entire member with her by creating certain income generation activities. She started

cultivating practices with modern way that is SRI and start motivate other people also to

apply this method to get more income through farming. She had applied it through which

she had produce more in less land with less investment efficiently. As a result the

productivity of a paddy is twice than the traditional farming & the cash investment

required is less with the support of V.O in seed and fertilizer in comparison to traditional

farming, so the total profit increases in a spectacular way. She had decided that she will

throughout the traditional cultivation practice and accept SRI, SWI method to increase his

family income. She actively attend every SHG meeting and admitting her saving first two

year every meeting Rs.5 later on she motivated all member and increases the saving from

Rs.5 to Rs.10. In this way till now she succeeds to save Rs. 1760 as a group saving only.

She is also able to operate personal bank account. As the time passed on she become more

ambitious towards her family future. She had taken first loan from the village organization

Rs.300 as a health loan at a minimum interest rate of 1%. She had refunded the loan

amount within two month. She knows that without economic increment nothing can be

done. So she again had taken general loan of Rs.2000 for his retail shop on 22nd January

2009 at simple interest rate of 2%. This is a bigger risk for her; she knows that without

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risk no more can be achieved. To achieve the target she had quietly changed her lifestyle

and time schedule. She is investing more time in income generating activities like farming

and retail shop. She wake-up early in the morning. Do all essential houses work as soon as

possible. Send their children to the school and engross her in farming and retail shop for

the income generation. She had maintained a proper coordination with his family member

towards the provinces for her family. As the time passed, Jeevika has evaluated his

proficient behaviour towards the organization and according to the norms of Jeevika, She

is appointed as a Community Resource Person (CRP). And got all the essential training

she necessitated on the year 2010. Between those periods she had taken several times in a

sequence Rs.14000 for different purpose. For farming she had taken 3000 and 1000 and to

refund the old money lender money she had taken 1000 and 3000. On 8th November 2011

she had taken Rs.7000 to purchase some additional productive land, through which she

can generate some additional income. The village organization has formulated a bank

linkage committee where Meena Devi is again chosen as a member. Although she had lots

of opportunities to improve her family socio economic status, she had the same number of

responsibilities also. It is not possible for her to manage all the work one self. Meena Devi

and her sinner family member get together to achieve their common goal. Her family

member starts helping her in cultivation and Retail business. That is why she got more

time to spend in social work as a Community Resource Person. As a C.R.P she is earning

Rs. 5000/- Per month occasionally as a training resource person, that is an additional

income for her family. In an all she succeed to save Rs. 60000/- annually from her all the

sources. Where as previously she is not able to save any money.

Now she is a successful woman, she had changed her family demography and life style.

She had repaired her old house. Now her family member is using footwear and toilet. She

knows the importance of health & sanitation. She had purchased two Katha of productive

land, purchased a pair of milky cattle, and admitted their children in good school. She is

giving her presence not only in her family but also in the society. She succeeds to create a

good demand from the society and start interfering in social work. Now her advices and

decision is being accepted inside and outside the family. She is maintaining proper level of

sanitation in his family and she is being aware of the importance of women education in a

family. She had admitted her children’s in good private school for the better education and

future. Now, along with Meena Devi her full family is employed and participated in

income generation activities. Meena Devi and her family understand that labour makes a

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man success. To increase the sources of income, this productive year she actively joined

Honey Enterprise in group with 51 members. The entire group had decided to take general

the loan from village organization per member Rs.6000 on March 19 2012. She had taken

essential training from the Jeevika. Some of the member was being sent to have practical

exposure of honey processing to near village. The whole group has decided to purchase

the entire essential instrument required to run the beekeeping enterprise successfully to

produce the honey regularly. Meena Devi and other member got a very positive result at

initial stage. In first season the total production of honey is 550 Kg. which is good enough

for the new entrepreneurs group. The group is quietly motivated towards the honey

enterprise and wish to exceed the productivity in near future by enhancing the size of

enterprise. The group is quite united and committed to develop themselves.

Meena can’t control the pearl drop when she memorise the past situation. Her poor,

hunger, illiterate, unemployed, small, old and unmanaged house, people without proper

cloth. She remembers the situation when she manages the cloth for their children with

neighbour and relative. She still remembers the situation when she used to borrow even

salt from other house due to poverty and unemployability. She have to listen all the

criticizes made to her family member. Meena Devi has changed the whole demography

and proved “Nobody is poor from womb”. She says that if a people have a positive

thought, self confidence and have a desire to achieve success can definitely achieve their

target.

The support of Village Organization and her family is the Strength for the Meena Devi

where as less educated family member and low work in capital is the weakness for her.

She had involved in many productive and income generation activities through which she

will be benefited in future that is the opportunities for her and seasonal and migration

based business such as honey processing is the threat for her.

Loan Detail

Issued Date Loan Amount

Type Purpose Refund Date

Rest Amount

Interest paid

14-11-2008 300 Inter Loan Health Check-up 09-01-2009 0 622-01-2009 2000 C.I.F Business 01-09-2009 0 16007-04-2009 1000 Inter Loan To pay the old

money lender07-05-2010 0 129

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02-10-2009 3000 Inter Loan Farming 30-06-2010 0 27006-11-2009 1000 Inter Loan Farming 04-08-2010 0 9006-10-2010 3000 Inter Loan To pay the old

money lender22-11-2010 0 74

08-11-2010 7000 C.I.F To purchase land

07-04-2011 0 420

19-10-2011 10000 H.R.F Health Check-up 04-04-2012 4000 30018-04-2011 10000 General

LoanHouse repairing 08-05-2012 8000 1399

Total 38800 12000 2848

Case – 2

Winning is habit, success is choice

Nirmala Sinha born in a small village named Kaati at Muzaffarpur district. Her father is a

farmer by occupation. She had 6 sisters with 1 elder brother. She is quite familiar and

smart girl by nature. Due to religious tradition she is early marriage at the age of 14 with

Jay Prakash Sinha in the year 1998.

After marriage she used to live in a country side village named Madhubani under

Mahdaiya Panchayat Muzaffarpur. Her second home is quite poor with a family size of 7

members. She is an elder daughter in-low; she wants to fulfil all the work of her family.

But she is not able to stand ahead to the expectation of her father and mother in-low. Her

father in-low is a habitual drunker. He is supposed to rule over the entire family member.

He can’t excuse those who tried to refuse his direction and order. He had 2 bigha of

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productive land from their ancestor. Due to his daily habitual drinking practices, he sold 1

bigha of land within 2 year from the day Nirmala marriage & kept the rest 1 bigha of land

under the command of money lender for the money he require to maintain his daily need.

All the family member start calling her Kulachani (A girl having bad luck). She is being

tortured physically and mentally everyday by her family member.

Her father Laxmi Narayan tries to take her back to his house. But she refuses him.

She told her father that, this is my house and I will manage my house. Her husband is a

radio mechanic with occupation. He used to repair the equipment in his own house with a

very few equipment & earn Rs.50 to 60 per day occasionally. During 9 year she got 2

children, 1 son and 1 daughter. Due to less income it’s not possible to survive the entire

member. In the year 2006 her father and mother in-low with his 4 son migrated to other

place to survive themselves. Nirmala and her husband jay prakash with his 2 children

decided to live in their own village. Though they have very few income sources they start

working in other land for their family survival. She has some health problem like heart &

some fatal problem in stomach. But due to financial crisis she is not able to make proper

treatment. They are forced to live in other bless. Some time her father gives her some

kilos of food grain, while some time her neighbour make their children feed while they are

hunger. In this way she survives for 3 year till 2009.

In the year 2009 Nirmala is oriented about the Jeevika program and the

opportunities presented by the Jeevika to make their life stable from the social and

economical point of view. She shares about it with her husband jay prakash. He was afraid

with loan, because the loan has made this situation of his family. He was also worried

about the saving amount, which she needs to admit every week to the group. She made her

husband motivate regarding the Jeevika Self Help Group. The motive behind joining the

SHG is to make their family stable from the financial part. She had a belief that she will

make her family situation better by joining the group. She knows that “getting engage in

some work is better than sitting idle”. The secondary motive to join the group is to

make their husband employed in any enterprise with the help of SHG. In the month of

October 2009 she joins Krishna Jeevika SHG under Laxmi Jeevika Village Organization.

She starts saving 1 or 2 Rupees per day from their household expenses, which she admits

in group. In the same month she is selected as a C.M (Community Mobilizer) for the

Madhubanni village. As a C.M she is intended to conduct the S.H.G meeting, her husband

Jay Prakash is selected as a VRP. As a VRP he have to monitor the agriculture work done

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by the farmer basically by SRI and SWI method and report it to concern senior staff of

block office. For this responsibility he got some remuneration through Jeevika on the basis

of number of farmer cultivating. Till 2010 Nirmala earn Rs.750 for the responsibilities of

C.M. Later on the remuneration of C.M is increased by Rs. 650. In total she starts earning

Rs.1500 and in an average her husband earns annually Rs.3000-4000 for the agriculture

monitoring activity. As a group member she starts taking benefit as a SHG member.

Though she had a high financial crisis in her family for the food security first time on 24 th

January 2009 she had taken Rs.200 inter loan from the group for the food and successfully

make repayment within one month from the income source of C.M. She had more

confident for her selves. Whenever she feels any financial crisis she took a small loan

from the group and make refund as soon as possible from the similar sources. Though she

is suffering from health problem she thought that health is essential for anybody so she

took continuously 4 times Rs.500,1000,1000, & Rs.2000 for health check-up in between 5

month and make repayment within those period. Whatever she earns from the village

organization she is supposed to make payment to the group against the loan she had taken.

On 19 March 2010 she planned to take back their land from the money lender and

make suggestion with her husband. They are agreed to take some loan from village

organization which they will refund by the wage income of jay prakash and Nirmala as

well. On 20th march 2010 she had taken Rs.10000 bank loan from the village organization

and takes back their 1 bigha of land which her father in-low had admitted under control of

money lender. Both husband and wife start working hard to earn money. Jay prakash start

cultivating in his land and earn some money by the radio repairing and Nirmala start

working hard in village organization. They are succeeding to refund a big loan with in 8

month.

Though Nirmala is secondary level educated girl, she understands the value of

education. She understands how education makes life easier. She had admitted their

children in private school. They are ready to face any situation for the betterment of their

child life. To provide a better life to their children they require more money to fulfil their

requirement. Jay prakash had a wish to expand his radio shop and would like to add an

electric shop where he can serve the customer by providing the electric equipment like

generator and light. On 18th April 2011 she had taken Rs.20000 general loan from the

village organization to purchase generator and light equipment for their shop & within 8

days she had refunded Rs. 7000 from the income of the electric shop.

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Till January 2012 Nirmala family is earning in an average Rs.7000 which they

require to refund some money in village organization as well as some money in their

family requirement. They are not able to same any money to make their house hold

condition better. As she is well known in their society also starts working for the Sahara

India. She used to allocate some time from village organization and spend 2 days in a

month for the Sahara India and out of which she earn Rs.4000 as a commission. Though

she had several sources of income she is now more confident regarding their life.

Though she had several sources of income in her family, she is ready to take a big

risk for the income generation. She had proposed to other member to start the Bee-

Keeping enterprise in a group. But the general members of the group are not ready to start

immediately. So in starting time all the leader member of several group are ready to start

Bee- Keeping enterprise. They have demanded the technical skill training and other

support with Jeevika which they got immediately. On April 2012 she had invested about

Rs.6000 in honey enterprise in group basis. In starting time the return on investment from

the Bee- Keeping enterprise is quite impressive. She had a self confident that she will

manage all the work in efficient manner and she is managing too. She had a hard belief

that she will succeed to save Rs.10000 per month from next year. Through which she will

make her house better and invest some more money themselves in their electric business

with tent house.

She still remember her past when she had no food to eat, no work to do, no money

to have the medical check-up, no way to provide a better education to their Childs and no

respect in society. She remembers the situation where there is no charm in their life no

mission and vision. She compares her past life with a kite without control. She is happy

that with the support of Jeevika she had made a better life where their family got some

food, both the member got employment, they are able to make medical treatment, their

children are getting better education and they are able to get a respect in society. Though

her effort had made this, she give all the credit to Jeevika, who create a charm in their life

with proper mission and vision. She told that “it’s not the load that breaks you down, it

is the way you carry it”. She understand if a man know how to survive in this world can

succeed easily neither they can’t.

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Loan Detail

Issued Date Loan Amount

Type Purpose Refund Date

Rest Amount

Interest paid

24/01/2009 2000 Inter Loan House hold expenses 21/02/2009 0 4014/03/2009 300 Inter Loan House hold expenses 18/04/2009 0 616/05/2009 500 Inter Loan For Health check-up 18/07/2004 0 1018/07/2009 1000 Inter Loan For Health check-up 20/02/2010 0 8026/09/2009 1000 Inter Loan For Health check-up 20/02/2010 0 6029/10/2009 2000 Inter Loan For Health check-up 26/02/2010 0 10020/03/2010 10000 Bank Loan To pay money lender 18/11/2010 0 90011/11/2010 10000 H.R.F For Health check-up 15/03/2012 0 25003/02/2011 2000 H.R.F For Health check-up 28/07/2011 0 12018/04/2011 20000 General

LoanTo purchase generator

26/04/2011 13000 3520

09/04/2012 15000 H.R.F For Health check-up 26/04/2012 13500 1770Total 63800 27000 6856

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Case – 3

The Good Life at Great Price

Raj Kumari Devi the member of Sarvodaya Jeevika SHG under Laxmi Jeevika

Village Organization of Mahdaiya Panchayat in Muzaffarpur District. She was a

responsible and devoted housewife. She is assisting her family with her full effort. Due to

her traditional culture, she is not supposed to intervene the outside activities. So the

income generation and the several social activities are under the control her husband and

her father-in-law. They are also authorised as a decision making body of her family.

Farming is the main rootages of her family income. Her husband Kishori Prasad has some

medicine knowledge. By providing his medical services he is also earning some money

and any how maintaining all her 7 family member requirements. Anyhow at that time her

family is quite happy and maintaining the entire essential requirement properly. They are

getting sufficient food, maintaining proper dress up, having good relationship with

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community people & relatives, maintaining their health and wealth in a proper way as her

father house. She belongs from a landlord family. She hasn’t seen a mean of

impoverishment in her entire life. Whatever she wants was fulfilled forthwith till then.

Time is not in favour of Raj Kumari Devi family. Her husband Kishori Prasad left

the world at early age of 48 year. She feels quite difficult to maintain her family needs.

She starts serving themselves for a long period of 9 year. Her father-in-low also becomes

old and not so productive to work in farm. So all the sources for the Raj Kumari Devi

family was blocked. She feels that she was losing her credit worthiness from all the sides.

The social people start ignoring and demoralizing her family. Rajkumari Devi remember

the situation when everybody used to ask the well wish to her family and now nobody is

interested with his family for just her poverty and un employability. She is so worried for

her son and daughter. She had two daughters and three sons. Only elder son is marriage &

the rest of her children’s are yet to be married. She is quite worried about the expenses to

be made in the marriage of her daughter. She had decided that her children will not face

this situation more and she will fulfil all her family requirement. She is mentally prepared

to create an income generation sources. Though there are no any permanent sources of

income in her family, she had decided to cultivate her small farm with modern technique

i.e. SRI method, to fulfil the financial requirement. To gather the knowledge to cultivate

with SRI method, she joins the Sarvodaya Jeevika Self Help Group on 2008. She starts

attending the group meeting and admitting the saving into group. Till now her total group

saving is Rs.1650 in group. She is being oriented by Jeevika through exposure and training

to adopt SRI method to cultivate their farm. Though the productivity is high, she is highly

influenced by SRI method. In the 1st year, she successfully save Rs.10000, but it is not

enough to fulfil his entire family requirement.

She has gained some technical knowledge of operating swing machine. She can

make the women wear. She had identified the skill she had and want to utilize it in income

generation part. She had repaired her old machine and start tailoring in her house. Now

Rajkumari Devi had two sources of income in her family. She is maintaining beautifully

tactfully both the sources. But to make her family stable she had a lot to do. She had taken

Rs.10,000 inter loan from her village organization promoted by Jeevika to start the diesel

enterprise in her house on 11th October 2010 to supply the diesel in village level. She is not

able to manage her diesel depot and shut down it immediately after one season. She had

sufficient confidence with her. She learns how she will succeed in business. And she had

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decided to adopt honey enterprise by herself and invested all the amount which she had

saved from the farming and diesel enterprise. She made Initial investment of Rs.17500 in

her honey enterprise. She started her honey enterprise with a minimum risk of 50 boxes of

bees. In the year 2010 Raj Kumari Devi starts getting the return on investment. She

decided to enhance the business size and within one and half year she made it to 110

personal boxes of honey bees by the income of his small farm and the income of honey.

From one side she is saving money for her business and another side she is maintaining

her daily requirement of family efficiently. In the year 2011 Raj Kumari Devi had a

support of her both the son, so she feel some comfortable to take care all her income

sources. With her sincere effort she succeeds to stable her family.

She is disappointed that she is not able to make their son highly educated, but she

is committed that she will make her both grandson highly educated. Now her monthly

average saving from agriculture and honey enterprise is Rs.8000 as a net profit, where 7

year ago she is not able to save even Rs.100.

Raj Kumari Devi, who has lost all her social and economical status in her society

after her husband dead, had succeeded to stable her family in a better approach. In her

society, she is well known as a Role Model. She is respected by everyone as courageous

and responsible women. She has transferred all her skill to both sons, so that they should

not face the same situation as she had faced up. Raj Kumari Devi has employed both the

son full time in her enterprise. She is easily maintaining the expenses required for her

grandson education in a private school. Though she is quite busy and she becomes self

sufficient women, she is still in SHG, and providing her kind support to the SHG and V.O.

Once upon a time Raj Kumari Devi is known as a general house wife and introduce

in a society as someone wife or daughter, now she had made her own identity. She is well

known as a productive and promotive housewife and successful women. She had made all

this with a small effort i.e. the co-operation with the Jeevika promoted village organization

and Self Help Group. Whenever any member feels difficult or unmotivated, she always

sings the Jeevika title song and motivates other member to make them stable. She has

developed a charismatic quality, through which she influence the other member of the

society too. After the success of Raj Kumari Devi, other people also start many other agro

based and forest based enterprises like- Cattle farming, Bee keeping, and milk processing.

And some of the member also starts adopting modern way of cultivation practices with

SRI and SWI method. These all people are in a SHG with Raj Kumari Devi and doing

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their business very well. Whenever she met any people in difficult situation she always

suggest them try to find your inner skill and interest. No work is big or small. It is depend

upon you what life you want to live. These are the some massage through which she

motivates those people who are frustrated with their life.

The measure strength that the Raj Kumari Devi has, the forever support of village

organization and his family member and her self confidence. In the same way she had

certain opportunities also, like market linkage with several organizations & increasing

price and demand of produced honey.

Loan Detail

Issued Date Loan Amount

Type Purpose Refund Date Interest Paid

06-09-2009 700 H.R.F For health check-up 05-04-2010 2819-10-2009 2000 Inter loan To refund the money

of external money lender

18-08-2010 220

11-10-2010 10000 General Loan For diesel enterprise 10-08-2011 110019-12-2011 3000 General Loan For shop 18-10-2012 330Total 15700 1678

20 | P a g e

Case – 4

Expand your mind, change your world

Radha Devi belongs from ultra poor family. Her father occupation was blacksmith. She is

early marriages at the age of 13, when she is not aware of managing the family. Her

husband has also the same status as her father had. So, she is quite familiar with poverty

and unemployment. Her family is a joint family of total 9 members, when she was

married. Later on she had 4 children. Now the total size of the family becomes 13 with 10

Man and 3 Women, including 4 growing children 2 boys and 2 girls. Radha Devi and her

family were staying in a small village named Harkamanshi under Minapur block of

Muzaffarpur district Bihar. It is situated near to N.H 27. The maximum number of people

in that village having agriculture as their main occupation. Though she doesn’t have

21 | P a g e

sufficient land, her family is serving through blacksmith service oriented business. The

sources of income for the Radha Devi family remains same where as expenses is high.

Due to high poverty they have migrated themselves to search for a better life and

employment to country side village for 8 year. In the year 2005 they are able to save some

money out of all their expenses. They planned to return back to their birth place

Harkamanshi. Her husband with his brother established a small automobile garage with

Blacksmith workshop. Due to less initial investment the earning from the Blacksmith

workshop is not enough to cover all the expenses. Radha Devi time to time proposed her

husband to give permission to work outside to earn some money for her family

requirement. But it is refused every time.

The requirement of food cloth and shelter can be snubbed, but the basic needs like

health cannot be neglected. Though her small son is physically disable and require a

regular medical check-up for his long life. In the year 2009 Radha Devi neighbours share

the opportunity of Jeevika program ahead to her husband. After a long discussion he is

quietly motivated and permitted her to join the Self Help Group. She starts attending the

group meeting and start admitting her saving in the group. She had a very small piece of

land, where she can cultivate in a small scale, which is not enough to fulfil any

requirement. But, she had sufficient manpower to do other income generation activity. She

believes that “If we really understand the problem, the answer will come out of it,

because the answer is not separated from the problem”. She understands the major

problem with her family is the sources of income that can be enhanced. She knows very

well that “God helps only those who help themselves”. She had decided to start a retail

shop. To run the retail shop she had taken in total Rs.7000 general loan at a simple interest

rate of 2% in two instalment (Rs.2000+5000) as a group loan from village organization in

the year 2011. Two month from the day she had taken loan, she had refunded the entire

loan with interest from the income of the retail shop. She had given the responsibilities to

maintain the retail shop to her physically disabled small son so that he will get some work

there and maintain his requirement. The whole family start providing support in retail

shop. In starting phase her son feel some difficult to manage the shop, but Radha make her

son courage bold and tell him that “Fear is a sign of weakness” you should remove this

and should believe on yourselves. Radha Devi made her physically disable son,

economically able to earn some money to take care themselves as well her family.

22 | P a g e

After the establishment of retail shop she feel some economically relax, but that is

not enough to full fill all her family basic needs. Though she had seen the way of success,

her level of confidence is high. She had a support of village organization as well as her

Self Help Group; she is supposed to increase her traditional business with new concept.

She proposed her husband and elder son to establish a metal box work shop with same

equipment and skill they have traditionally. She had presented them the chances to earn

more through the metal box workshop in comparison to blacksmith workshop. She had

also made them confident that she will manage the entire additional financial requirement

for the metal box workshop. She had taken Rs.20000 general loan from the village

organization on January 2012. It is the fourth month of the loan she had taken from the

village organization she had planned to refund it in current month with all the interest. She

believes that “Those who have no one have god every time”.

Radha Devi has stable her family income sources. Now she had in an average

Rs.7000 saving per month. She is able to make proper treatment of her son. She had

developed an artistic character in her family as well as in the society. She is being

respected by every member of her society. She proved the role of women in a society is

high for the socio economic development. With the effort of Radha her 4 family members

got full employment opportunity and increases income level of her family. She is not able

to make her son proper educated, but she plan to provide far better education to their

grandson in a better institution. Her family has built an identity in society, where as

previously no one knows her family. She had made arrangement of all the essential basic

primary need like – Toilet and a durable residence. She had changed her full family

demography. With the effort of Radha Devi the growth rate of the family is twice than

preceding year. Where there is no mean of education in her family, she is conscious of

education. Where the Radha Devi is always worried about her son health, now she made

her son able to take care themselves. In an all the house hold and the income pattern have

been changed. To make her family more capable Radha Devi had a plan to increase the

business sizes.

Some year ago it is very painful situation for the family to Migrate with whole

family as a refugee to another place for some food, minimum cloth, & for basic shelter.

The whole family are struggling for the survival every day. The narrow word that the

community people raise for her family due to poverty will not be acceptable, but Radha

Devi has accepted it, and transforms it to challenges. She knows that “The bees can make

23 | P a g e

good honey only if they gather nectar from different flower”. Every time she starts

thinking about the income sources as bees searching several nectar to spare the sweetness

of success in her family. As the bees never stop its production cycle for their own survival

and for the survival of their family. She also made a commitment that she will also

continue her work and she will make other family member more able to make their life

easier. “The wound by a word is more painful than a wound by a sword”. Radha Devi

is quite positive house wife she would like to thank those all people who have criticized

her in past, because, though they have made a comment on her family she is able to

succeed today. And would able to make their family self-sufficient from economically and

social prospect. She is slowly adopting the sanskritization process of higher and developed

family standard. She is quite positive, responsible, religious, and scriptural women. She

had a hard believe that “Without the idea of personal responsibilities, no one could

achieve anything great. Give him liberty and the weakest man will become strong

and the ignorant man sagacious”. She had proved this statement in her life. Though she

had no sufficient idea of personal responsibilities, her family have to suffer the situation of

migrant. Once she had seen a small hope for the development, she goes ahead to it and

achieves the target. She proves that every weakest man is not weak from their mother

womb; they are made to weak either by their family or by their community. She also

suggest every needed people to have some faith on yourselves, be concrete on your target,

you will surely achieve the target.

The measure strength that the Radha Devi has is the support of her family member

and her village organization, the traditional skill that her family have. Similarly increasing

market demand of the produced good is the opportunity for the Radha Devi family.

Loan Detail

Issued Date

Loan Amount

Type Purpose Refund Date

Rest Amount

Interest Paid

12/02/2010 200 Inter loan For health check-up

07/03/2010 0 4

15/04/2011 5000 General Loan For business 21/10/2011 0 40009/09/2011 2000 General Loan For business 30/12/2011 0 10013/01/2012 20000 General Loan For business 11/05/2012 16000 1480Total 27200 16000 1984

24 | P a g e

Case – 5

The Spirit of Adventure

Ram Bati Devi of 60 year old lives in a small village named Rampurhari at Madaripr Karn

Panchayat. She has in total 4 son with 2 daughter in-low and 3 grand son. But due to

poverty two marriage son are separated with their family. Currently she is staying with her

two son and her husband. In total she had 4 members in her family, with two son and

husband. For property shake she had only one small tiles house, where her family stay.

From ancient time they don’t have any land to cultivate.

The day-today live and daily work schedule of Ram Bati is so simple and full of

struggle. In production season they used to work in brick industries in a daily wage system

and in off season especially in rainy season when there is no work in brick industries, they

used to work in others farm, with minimum wages. Till 1995 they earn Rs.40 per day per

man and succeed to save Rs.80 per day. The brick industries employed them for only 20

25 | P a g e

days in a month and for the rest days they have to search any other work at her village or

used to stay unemployed.

Previously she had only two missions in her life. Work for feed and feed for work.

They have adopted it as a life mantra too. Though both the husband and wife are healthy

and capable to work hard, they tend to work daily, and earn some money and fulfil the

daily requirement of their small family. They don’t have extra need and expenses. The

social people don’t have any sympathy with her family. Though she had so short source of

income, she had the same amount of expenses also.

In the year 2000 her husband is not so fit for hard work. Most of the time he requires

some medicine to survive. She feels her selves more responsible to maintain her family

requirement. Her husband helps her occasionally when he is fit. She realizes the cause

behind her trouble i.e. lack of education. She had decided that she will make their two son

educated, so that at least their son shouldn’t face the same situation as they have faced up.

Though she had no sufficient money to provide them better education in high profile

institution, she had admitted them in a government school. She understands that wage

labour income cannot meet her entire essential family requirement. She had a wish to

increase the sources of income but she doesn’t have any support to do it. She neither have

any fixed assets nor any capital through which she can start her own business. Any how

she manages in her situation till 2010.

She is well known about the Jeevika program from the various sources. She had

seen how the people are developing through joining SHG (Self Help Group). She decided

to join the group. On April 2010 she joins Muskan Jeevika Self Help Group under Puja

Village Organization of Madaripur Karn Panchayat. She starts admitting her group saving

by Rs.10 every week. Though she had no other sources of income during that period she

has to do work as a wage labour. She had a believe that no one situation remain the same

entire life. One day the time came when she saw a light of success.

To change her life style she plan to start her own business of vegetable vendoring.

She took Rs.6000 general loan on 24th January 2011 from the group at a nominal interest

rate of 2% and did certain transaction. On every transaction, she succeed to generate Rs.

250-300 out of her investment. She regularly pays the principle and interest to the group

from the income of vegetable. From the income of her business she successfully manage

the requirement of her family. To enhance the business size she invest her own Rs.8000

26 | P a g e

saving and took additional Rs.3000 general loan from group on 4 th March 2011. She

succeed to refund both the loan with interest on 3rd June 2011. On 18th July 2010 she had

taken Rs10000 C.I.F loan to repay her house and succeed to refund it on 16th March 2012.

She starts collecting the vegetable from the farmer at least price and sell it in the market.

Per day she is earning Rs.300 to Rs.400. She is satisfied with her enterprise because, she is

not require to do as much hard labour as she supposed to do in brick industries and getting

more benefit. She succeeds to refund all the money within 2 month from the date she had

taken loan. She had a future plan to establish a vegetable shop at his village market

through which she can earn more money in a comfortable way. She believes that “If you

can’t change the life, then why not change the way you live it?” She succeeds because

she had change the way she live it. She also proposed her husband to change her way of

living. Her husband can’t work hard, but he can work as a building maker. With the

inspiration of Ram Bati Devi her husband starts working as a building maker and start

earning Rs.300 per day. This is additional support in her family.

Currently the lifestyle of her family is quietly changed in comparison to past

situation. Her clothing and feeding pattern is quite change. She is aware to the importance

of education where her family tends to work hard and earn less now her family do not

need to labour hard and they are earning more money. Where previously they don’t have

any dream regarding the life, now they are dreaming for the better life style. Where they

feel un-secure and always hide their daily requirement, now they are feeling comfort to

meet their daily essential requirement. There is no mean of saving in her family currently

she had Rs.1120 saving in SHG and they are ready to make investment of Rs.25000 any

time for their family growth. She succeeds to get a full time employment her selves. And

in future she had a plan to provide employment to her husband in her own vegetable

business. For her best suggestion the other member of the group also call her Budhiyar

Kaki (Intelligent aunty) in her village.

Loan Detail

Issued Date Loan Amount

Type Purpose Refund Date Interest paid

24/01/2011 6000 General Loan

Vegetable business

03/06/2011 309

04/03/2011 3000 General Vegetable 27/05/2011 113

27 | P a g e

Loan business03/06/2011 10000 C.I.F House repairing 16/03/2012 1100Total 19000 1522

Case – 6

Understanding comes with time

Ranju Devi is famous in her village with many sub names like, somebody told her Statue

of patience, somebody compare her with geodes Laxmi, & some of the neighbour also

called her as a ‘Hashmukh Devi’. She lives in a small but beautiful village called

Harkamanshi under Minapur block of Muzaffarpur district, Bihar. When Ranju Devi was

newly marriage most of the people in that village used to cultivate the land and having

cattle farming. The level of education is quite low. The infrastructure development is quite

poor. The villager is not aware of the administrative and development work. There is no

presence of NGO and INGO in that village. The roads are not so developed. There is no

mean of health, electricity and communication as well as irrigation for farming. Most of

the people are enjoying in traditional Indian culture. There are no more opportunities for

the income generation and employability. The maximum literate people are B.A

28 | P a g e

(Honours’). Anyhow rural people are surviving through agriculture and agriculture related

activities. Mina Devi and her family have also applied the same lifestyle as other.

She had a very small piece of land with a small Bari. Her husband used to cultivate

those lands very well and maintain essential need anyhow. Later on she got 4 children,

with 2 boys and 2 girls. In total she had 6 members in their family. Due to less income her

husband joins the village security guard job in his own village with a basic salary of

Rs.300 per month. He had also taken other land on lease to cultivate, so that he can fulfil

the requirement of his family. As the time passed on her husband lose his job. They feel so

difficult to maintain the basic need for the family. Ranju Devi do not lose her patience, she

know “Patience is the greatest friend in need, and hence the best friend indeed”. She

has a faith that the time will change & she will feel the pleasure.

Her husband Mr.Kali Prasad is a courageous person. They have had many ideas to

generate the income opportunities. They have such a skill also through which they can

achieve those target successfully, but they don’t have sufficient initial capital neither fixed

assets through which they can start those business. They feel themselves lachar ( One who

do not have any option). In the year 2008 Jeevika start work in Minapur block. In starting

time no one believe Jeevika and it’s development program, but Mr. Kali Prasad share his

opinion with other that “Right attitude is the first condition to make life on earth

smooth and profitable”. Mr. Kali and his wife Ranju know what benefit we will gain

through this project. They have identified the way to stable their life. There is no

alternative way with them. Ranju devi lead the group and motivate other women to join

the group. They have formed a Self Help Group named with Saroswati Jeevika Self Help

Group. The whole group member feel better to participate the group meeting regularly and

start saving. After six month Jeevika start providing loan to the SHG member at a

minimum interest rate of 2%. The money lender and other middle class family become

jealous to this program. They start interrupting the program. But the unity between the

members is so strong, that is why the external disturbing factor doesn’t affect more. They

have a strong thought regarding those evil souls “In doing evil, we injure ourselves and

other also”. The group member start neglecting those souls and concentrate on their work.

In the starting of the year 2009 Ranju Devi has taken a general loan of Rs.10000 from

village organization at a simple interest rate of 2% to establish a retail shop in her house.

Though there is no more retail shop in her village, her turnover is more than her

expectation. She succeeds to refund the loan with in 5 month with nominal interest and

29 | P a g e

principle. The whole group realize the benefit of joining SHG. They are also aware to the

opportunities and success Ranju Devi has gained. Ranju Devi starts motivating other

member by “Truly it is not the eye that are blind, but the heart which are in their

breast”. The other member also starts taking loan from the village organization to

establish some income generation sources.

Though there is one strong source of income in Ranju Devi family, she succeeds to

maintain the basic requirement of her family. Ranju Devi feel duel benefit of joining the

group, firstly she is earning some money through retail shop and regular saving some

money in group that is why she improving her economical status of her family secondly

she had improved her family demography and life style as well as she had have created a

better relationship with social people in her village & enhanced her social status. Ranju

Devi accepts that till now we have not felt so as we feel now after joining SHG. Until we

have joined the SHG we are surviving, but now we are living a better life. They realize

education is the most essential thing for human. They have admitted their two children in

private school, repaired his old house, and change the food behaviour as well as the level

of health & sanitation. In the year 2012 Ranju Devi wants to start cattle farming. She had

taken Rs.20000 as a general loan from village organization at a simple interest rate of 2%

and admits some more capital from her saving. She had purchased two pair of milky cow

with the fat processing machine. Her husband used to control the cattle business & Ranju

Devi is handling the retail shop. They not only produce the milk but also collect the milk

of other farmer and process the certain fat & handover the rest milk to registered milk

agencies with profit. In this way they succeed to save Rs.10000 to 12000 per month from

both the business. Once upon a time both the member doesn’t have any work to perform

now they don’t have time to even meet their relative. Radha Devi & her husband say

“Environment doesn’t belong to man, man belong to environment”. If a man wants to

achieve success he needs to walk on the path of success with positive attitude.

Ranju Devi and her full family have faced a great survival challenge. Regarding

the survival they have a separate thought “Every question we answer lead to another

question, this has become the greatest survival trick of our species”. They accept that

human needs are unlimited. Once one need are fulfilled another desire come, & people

involved them to fulfil the next desire. That is what her family had done. Ranju Devi

family is now counted in above the poverty line. The people of the village evaluate her

family as a self sufficient family. People feel proud to establish a relationship with Ranju

30 | P a g e

Devi family. Due to their friendly and helping nature there are more well-wishers in

comparison to enemy. The people used to take advices and general support from their

family. Radha devi and her husband proudly says that our family has enhanced the level of

income, level of education, health and sanitation status, & have got direct employment

opportunity in our own business. It looks like a dream comes true. This is all possible

because of the village organization formulated through Jeevika.

Ranju Devi does not feel any hesitation to suggest those people who think that

no- thing can be done in village. A people who is un employed and searching an

opportunity to earn money as well as to employed themselves, they are being suggested by

her that “A perfect man is like rose in thrombus, a lotus leaf in the water or like a

mudfish in the marsh. Neither of these is polluted by the element in which it lives”.

She says that opportunity is not separated by the location. It’s depending upon the desire

& effort of mankind to achieve it. If a human being has a desire to get success, and he is

ready to put their effort, he will certainly get success.

Loan Detail

Issued Date Loan Amount

Type Purpose Refund Date Interest paid

24/01/2011 6000 General Loan

Vegetable business

03/06/2011 309

04/03/2011 3000 General Loan

Vegetable business

27/05/2011 113

03/06/2011 10000 C.I.F House repairing 16/03/2012 1100Total 19000 1522

31 | P a g e

Case – 7

Any how...... have a winfield

31 year old Sangeeta Devi is a courageous, dedicated, and cheerful woman. She belongs

from a lower middle class family and was marriage in a poor family before 16 year ago on

1996 with Jagarnath Prasad. She used to live in a small village of Muzaffarpur district

under Munapur block named Paigambarpur. The life style of Sangeeta family is quite

simple. She had a very short piece of productive land in 5 Katha. Her family used to

cultivate it and in rest of the time they used to work in other land even in their own village

and in off time her husband used to go outside the state to search some job for money.

They earn some money and manage their requirement anyhow. She had in their family

totally 5 member along with father and mother in low and one brother in low. Though they

32 | P a g e

don’t have any additional choices and ideas for additional income generation activity they

are forced to live in their situation.

Though Sangeeta and her family member are not literate, but she had a wish to make

their children educated. She is not satisfied with her life and she is worried about her

children future. Within 8 year she got 3 children, 2 sons and 1 daughter. She starts uttering

with her husband about the future of their children. Though she doesn’t have good

residence, enough to eat, and sufficient cloth, she is not affected but she is only worried

about their Childs future. They think that I am suffering because I don’t have proper

education. I am not able to live a proper life where minimum level of food, cloth, shelter,

health and education, social respect, and other essential things should have to available.

It’s only because we are not educated. She had decided that if the life can be change

through the education, I will provide my Childs a proper education.

In the year 2002 she admits her elder son in Anganwadi Kendra to evolve in

education environment. She manages their child for 5 year till 2007 in Anganwadi and

government school. On the year 2008 both of them had decided to run a small poultry

farm. They have borrowed Rs.10000 from the money lender and establish a farm. They are

getting good return from the poultry till 2009, but the time is not in favour of Sangeeta

family. The village situation is completely changed. The mean of safety and security

decreases. Second force MCC affects the whole area. Most of the villager who has another

option start migrates to other place. The whole local economy is affected during that

period. The local farmer, progressive entrepreneur, children are the affected group during

that period. They are not getting appropriate environment to run their enterprise and shut it

down during 2009.

Sangeeta still have a hope that she will again start their poultry farm and she is

waiting for a opportunities. In the year 2010 Jeevika launch their program at conflict

affected area Paigambarpur. Many SHG (Self Help Group) have been formed where Pahad

Jeevika is also one of them. She is oriented about the program. And actively accept the

position of group secretary on 23rdMarch 2010. She starts attending and following each

and every group norms dedicatedly. She had taken all the essential training Model 1 to

Model 4, which is providing to new SHG member. She knows the importance of group for

the development. Her major objective behind joining the group is to restart her poultry

farm. All the member have quite sympathy toward her and everyone has a wish to help

her.

33 | P a g e

On 14thJune 2010 she proposed the entire group to provide some loan for her

enterprise. Everyone agree to help her and provide her Rs.2000 Inter loan at 2% simple

interest. She had already all essential infrastructures, which she had built up some time

ago. Any how she had started her poultry farm successfully with small capital. She

decreases extra expenses of her house and only concentrates on their child and enterprise.

She know, with the help of enterprise she can make her family future bright. She

successfully returns the first loan with in 6 month with interest to her group. Later on time

to time she used to take small amount from the group by inter loan at same interest rate

and return it timely. Within 6 month of enterprise she succeeds to make her capital thrice.

But that is not enough to maintain her family requirement, so she plans to take some big

amount from the group. On 12thMarch 2011 she had taken Rs.8000 as a CIF (community

investment fund) and on 4th July 2011 she had taken Rs.10000 general loan from the group

to enhance their business capital. Till then she understand how to gain much more through

poultry, and she start managing tactfully. From one side she produce some chicken and

sell it in local market and from other side she also admit some small chicken so that the

demand of the market will be fulfilled regularly. As she starts generative average income

she is refunding the business purpose loan timely. Till 14 thMay 2012 she had Rs.9000

general loan remain to pay, which she will pay within the progressive year 2012 with all

the interest. On the other hand she successfully save Rs.1130 in group as a group saving.

Regarding her success she told other “All of our dream can come true if we have

courage to peruse them”. She succeed because she had a dream to success and she had a

courage to make that dream success. She had sacrifices many of their requirements to

fulfil their dream to be self sufficient and self employed. Once upon a time she have to

think about a small expenses due to limited income. They even have to think about the two

time proper food, they are not able to manage the expenses for their children health and

education, and even they have no capacity to repair their old house. Their family member

has to visit other state for work. Now they are earning as much money through which they

can easily maintain proper food, cloth, and shelter. Now they don’t need to go outside for

the job. They are self employed in their own business. Her family is developing

continuously. They can easily maintain the expenses for the health and education for their

children and their other family member. She understands the importance of saving, and

regularly save some amount in her group and personally also out of profit she earn from

the poultry for the future use.

34 | P a g e

Loan Detail

Issued Date Loan Amount

Type Purpose Refund Date Rest Amount

Interest Paid

14/06/2010 2000 Inter Loan For Poultry business

05/11/2010 0 107

05/07/2010 400 Inter Loan For educational expenses

05/11/2010 0 20

11/10/2010 500 Inter Loan For House expenses

07/02/2011 0 25

26/01/2011 300 Inter Loan For educational expenses

26/02/2011 0 6

12/03/2011 8000 Community investment fund

For poultry business

09/04/2012 0 1040

04/07/2011 10000 General Loan

For poultry business

05/06/2012 9000 2000

06/02/2011 1000 General Loan

For educational expenses

05/06/2012 1000 80

Total 22200 10000 3278

35 | P a g e

Case – 8

Hustle, hit never quit.

Manju Devi belongs from a poor farmer family. She was

married in a same status family at the early age of 12 year. Due to poverty she had not got

a chance to feel the mean of enjoyment and relaxation in their life till she was 20 year old.

She got 4 children within a short period of 8 year. For the property shake she had one

small house where 10 family members used to say and she had 10 Katha of total

productive land where they used to produce paddy and wheat. Later 4 Katha of land comes

under the heavy flood area, where nothing is producing. Her life style and daily work

schedule is almost same. She used to wake up early in the morning, make all necessary

arrangement, prepare food and feed their family member.

36 | P a g e

The earning pattern of her family is completely based on wage labour. Her family is

aware of education, but none of them were highly qualified, that is why they have to do

work for other. In a work season the male member used to work in other state like Punjab

& Maharastra to earn some money. For the rest time they either work in their own village

or stay without work. Any how they are struggling with their life and sacrificing their

needs and desire.

In the year 2009 Manju seen many poor families developing through business and

enterprises. She proposed her husband to change their occupation for better life. Her

husband’s have some tailoring knowledge and he is quite motivated with her idea. She had

taken Rs.20000 credit from the local money lender at a heavy interest of 5%. He started

tailoring with single machine and other general equipment. He continues her business for

6 month, but due to high interest rate of borrowed loan the profit he earns is sufficient to

pay the expenses occurred to run the tailor.

Manju had heard about the Jeevika and the opportunities provided by it. They make

a decision to join the SHG (Self Help Group). The primary objective to join SHG is to

gain the financial support through group. On February 2010 she joins Laxman Jeevika

SHG under Saheli Jeevika village organization. She starts following the rules and

regulation of the SHG and start admitting the saving in the group. She is nominated as a

treasurer where Anita Devi and Kausalya Devi are chairman and secretary in her group.

From the starting time they have very good cooperation and coordination among them. It’s

the effect of several meeting and the trainings like Model 1 to Model 4 and the internal

environment of SHG which make everyone to take-care each other at difficulties. The

training and local exposure make her vision broad towards the group, society, and her life.

She knows the importance and opportunity available in village organization. She became

more concrete towards her vision. Mina knows that it is only V.O and her SHG which will

make her dream true to stable her family.

On 16thAugust 2010 she had taken Rs.1200 inter loan from group at 2% simple

interest to pay the general expenses of business, and return it with in 6 month at a simple

and easy instalment of Rs.200. Though there is no C.I.F (Community Investment Fund)

available inside the group she is unable to take a big amount from the group for her

business. Her next target is to refund the loan of local money lender as soon as possible.

For that she has to earn more money from the tailor. To increase the profit she has to

increase the number of machine. They require more money to admit more machines. On

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25thApril 2011 she had taken Rs.10000 as a C.I.F loan for the marriage but she had

invested it in business. She had admitted another 2 machine and two other workers in her

tailor. By increasing the capital her income also increases. She succeeds to pay the

principle amount of money lender within two month of increasing capital. On 18 thMay

2011 she had again taken Rs.5000 general loan from SHG to refund the rest interest of

money lender. She had refunded Rs.1100 interest and invested the rest amount in tailoring.

Till 18th November 2011 she had refunded all the amount of money lender and SHG loan

with all the interest and she succeeds to enhance the business size from 1 machine to 5

machines with in 23 month.

After refunding loan now her monthly income after all the expanses is nearly about

8000 per month. Though there is a big opportunities in her village market for the business

promotion, and there is some member unemployed in her family, Manju proposed her

husband to establish one hosiery shop by the income of tailoring. Her husband Nandu is

quietly agreed with her opinion. They have Rs.10000 cash with them and she took

additional Rs.10000 from group as a general loan at 2% simple interest on 5 thMarch2012.

Nandu gives responsibilities to maintain and control the hosiery shop to his brother. Her

family is now totally focused on business development to improve their family

demography.

With a small decision of Manju Devi to change their occupation from wage labour

to business enterprises. They succeed to enhance their lifestyle. She is quite happy to feel

economically and socially secure. She remembers the time when they have no social

respect and no fix earning pattern. Social people used to behave as a general worker. There

are no better employment opportunities in her family. They are not able to maintain the

expenses for health and education. They have to suffer more during the heavy rainy season

when the whole family used to pass the night at a corner of the damaged house. Now due

to better income sources they have improved their lifestyle, they had good respect in their

society. The mean of health and education is improved. Their all the children’s are getting

better education sources. The two member of the family is fully employed in their

business. They have improved their housing condition. And now after the whole day’s

transaction the full family used to sleep comfortably, even in bad weather also. Previously

where they are not able to save a single rupees from the income of wage labour, now they

are saving Rs.6, 000 to 10,000 per month.

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Though their effort had made them successful, she gives all the credit to their SHG

and village organization. She accepts that the support of Jeevika and group member makes

a wage labour to established entrepreneur within 3 year of short duration. She says, to

achieve success, it is necessary to make their vision broad. Though my senior family

members don’t have broad thought to improve their status, they are working as a worker

for other and always suffer with poverty and unemployment. JEEVIKA help me enough to

make my dream true. It helps me to generate additional income, provide employment

opportunity, and provide an identity to my family in the village. She would not like to

remember her past because it makes them uncomforted, but her past gives them extra

energy to think more for her future. In future she had a wish to enhance the business for

the better income generation.

Loan Detail

Issued Date Loan Amount

Type Purpose Refund Date Rest Amount

Interest paid

16/08/2010 1,200 Inter Loan For tailoring 14/02/2011 0 8425/04/2011 10,000 Community

investment fund

For marriage 27/02/2012 0 1,100

18/05/2011 5,000 General Loan

To refund money lender loan

18/09/2011 0 250

05/03/2012 10,000 General Loan

For tailoring - 10,000 600

Total 26,200 10,000 2034

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Case – 9

Get to know the world

Urmila Devi is a young, energetic, and cheerful housewife. She belongs from a lower-

middle class family. Her husband is working at Delhi at a sweet shop. She had 8 members

in her family with 4 children. The major sources of income in her family is the wage

earning. She had 10 katha of productive land where her father and mother in low cultivate

crops. The productivity gather from the land is not sufficient enough to fulfil her family

daily requirement. Only the wage that her husband earns will help to fulfil the entire

requirement anyhow.

Urmila is supporting her family as a successful housewife. She supposed to prepare

the food, take care their 4 children and other member of her family. There is no other

option to do for her. In the same way she passes 6 year after marriage. Currently she was

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24 year old with 4 children. Though she is very initiate and forward woman, she would

like to contribute her family anyhow. She doesn’t like to spend her time idle. She propose

her father in low to establish a small retail shop at her house, but she was refused time and

again. When she saw her neighbour attached with SHG group and doing certain activities

and developing her family, she also wishes to get a membership in the similar group.

JEEVIKA had a good reputation in the village. Her father in low had given her

permission to take a membership in SHG. On 5 th July 2011 she had joined ‘Ganga Jeevika

Self Help Group’ as a Treasurer under ‘Sahyo Jeevika Village Organization’. She feels

quite happy to join the SHG. She starts taking leadership in her group very friendly. She

starts admitting group saving in every meeting. Initially she is quite happy because out of

her house work she got a chance to mix-up with other member of SHG. Later on she got

Model 1 to Model 4 capacity built-up training. She is not highly educated; she had only

got primary education at her childhood. After training she understand about poor and the

causes of poor, need of SHG and its importance, method of books of record maintenance,

& need and importance of VO for sustainable development. She feels them so exited after

this training. Previously she doesn’t know the causes of poor. She realizes that the poor are

poor because she doesn’t have any money entire life. They make over expenses in

comparison to income. She not only starts decrease unwanted expenses but also she save

some money from her income. Till today she had saved Rs. 550 in her group as a group

saving. Before joining SHG she had no good relation with other family, but now the entire

neighbour and other group member had also good relationship with her. During the

meeting and other transaction she also contributes herself for maintaining proper group of

account. She had a very good co-operation and co-ordination with the member of village

organization.

With the help of VO she had cultivated her 10 katha of land with SRI and SWI

method. She got all essential support for seed and fertilizer for the cultivation. The village

organization also support all the technical support like pump set, harvesting equipment,

and required technical resource person for the monitoring of cultivated crop. For the

capacity built up she is being exposure by the supporting organization ‘JEEVIKA’.

Though she doesn’t require any financial support but she is confident that if it is require

the VO will provide her required loan for the cultivation at a minimum interest rate. The

productivity is quite good and impressive. In comparison to other general method of

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cultivation the productivity and quality of crop is better. She succeeds to generate income

Rs. 15000 profit out of her all the expenses with the production of crop through SRI and

SWI method. Next year she plans to cultivate in some additional land by taking some land

on lease too.

Urmila Devi feels her selves as a leader. In the short duration she is not able to earn

sufficient, but she is happy that she had built allot of social respect, knowledge and

exposure. Through which she can make her future bright. Though her husband is not there

with her, she doesn’t feel alone. Every time in need she had a support of her group and

VO. She thinks “Home is not where you live, but where they understand you”. She

compares her associated group with home, where every member understands her, believe

her, and help her.

Loan Detail

Issued Date Loan Amount

Type Purpose Refund Date

Rest Amount

Interest Paid

07/04/2012 500 Inter loan For House hold expenses - 500 20

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Case – 10

Attitute is everything.

Nirmala Devi belongs from a poor family. Her father & brothers occupation is a wage

labour. She was early marriage at the age of 14 year in the same status family. Her

husband is also a wage labour. The main source of income for her family is the income

through wage labour. Mostly the day-to-day schedule of her family remains same. Now

Nirmala is 40 year old. She has two daughters and one son. She is a responsible

housewife. She prepares the food early in the morning. Get ready their children for the

school and perform other essential work in the home. For property shake she had a small

house with 5 katha of land, where she produce rice, and maize.

Though her children’s are mature and studying in higher secondary school the

expenses for her family have increased but the sources of income remains same. She feels

quite difficult to manage the entire requirement. Her elder daughter becomes mature and

ready to marriage. They need to save some money for her marriage. They are searching for

43 | P a g e

an opportunity through which some additional income will be generated for her family.

She had seen some of the women earning and developing in SHG group with the support

of JEEVIKA. She makes her husband motivated towards SHG group and finally decided

to join Chand Jeevika Self Help Group under Sahyog Jeevika Village Organization on 19th

June 2011. She is nominated as a treasurer, where Rupa Devi is Chairman and

Chandrakala Devi is Secretary. According to the norms of SHG she start attending the

SHG meeting and start admitting her weekly saving of Rs.10 every week in the group

with other member. The total member in her group is 15.

She is well known about the services provided to the SHG member through

JEEVIKA. She had seen the productivity of paddy and wheat through SRI and SWI

method. Some support in seed and fertilizer was also provided by the organization. So, she

plans to take some other land in lease. She had taken 15 katha of land on lease and

produce one season of rice and one season of wheat successfully. As a result out of all the

expenses, she succeeds to save Rs.10, 000 from agro productivity. She is so excited with

the first year of productivity and she is planning to cultivate this year too with some

additional land.

After joining JEEVIKA she had lots of changes in her lifestyle. She had taken

primary training from Model 1 to Model 4 through which she understands the role and

importance of group and village organization. She understands the importance of unity,

shaving, women education and also got a way to increase her family income sources. She

is now organized & united with the rural people. By joining SHG and V.O She had

become informatics and creative. She remembers the time when the rural women do not

have any work and generally they saw one or two cases of revenge in the village. Now she

is happy that every woman is now organized and feels one single family. After the

establishment of SHG groups the woman becomes busy toward the group and their family

and they are maintaining the problem in proper way and smoothly. In the initial time the

organization had also made them a demo through which they have got knowledge of SRI,

SWI cultivation easily. For SRI and SWI the Nirmala Devi with her group was being

made exposure to the another village where other group member are successfully doing

their cultivation practices and earning more money in comparison to general method of

cultivation practices. For cultivation she had also got a technical support e.g. pump set and

other harvesting equipments, initial seed and fertilizer support, VRP and other technical

support. For the financial problem she got loan through V.O according to the demand and

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requirement of the SHG. For the marketing activities they are free to sell their produced

crop in open market.

She is so exited and hopeful with the group. She says after marriage for 25 year of

long duration she had no change in her life style, but within one year she had lots of

changes in her life. Previously she is not taking any decision in her family. All the

decision was taken by her husband, but now she is taking most of the decision and

responsibility of her house. Where there is only one sources of income in her family i.e.

her husband wage, now with her initiative her family succeed to earn Rs.10000 through

SRI & SWI method. Previously there is no one to help her family in difficult, now she had

a direct support of her group and VO. Previously, when some time she had no money to

purchase the food for her family she need to borrow some money from money lender at

high interest rate, now she got a food security support through VO. She doesn’t feel the

mean of saving in her entire life, currently she had Rs.10000 saving from crop production

and Rs.490 group saving, which is a great achievement for her.

She says JEEVIKA appear ahead to us as a parent, who take care us every moment

of time. She had become quite aware and aesthetic. She had a very clear vision for her life.

In future she wants to start her own business by the profit she generates and the saving she

had. If it is required she is also planning to take some loan from VO. She says “life is not

victory but battle”. The struggle she is doing is like a battle and she would like to invest

her time in the same way until she got victory.

Loan Detail

Issued Date Loan Amount

Type Purpose Refund Date Rest Amount

Interest paid

14/04/2012 500 Inter loan

For House hold expenses

14/05/2012 500 10

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7.0 Summary & Conclusion

The people attached with the SHG group have definitely benefited from the implement

project. The tremendous number of opportunity provided by JEEVIKA makes each and

every participant benefited. It can be explained by the following way;

The SHGs members have become credit worthiness for the sustainable development &

better life style.

Benefitted through the investment opportunities available to them.

They had become skilled & aware of social aspects & development.

Aware of the benefit of working in community institution developed by themselves with

the help of supporting organization1.

Knows the importance of saving practices for the future prospects.

Knows the role of women in a family/ society and importance of women education.

The SHGs member had become innovative and target oriented toward their future.

The services provided for the livelihood activities through JEEVIKA like seeds and

fertilizer for SRI and SWI farming method should be provided in time for the effective

program implementation and better income generation of the SHG member.

Aggregate marketing channel/mechanism should be developed to solve the marketing

problem in production oriented large scale cottage industries like honey.

The financial services should be provided to the member on the basis of actual need

assessment.

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After having interaction with several SHGs member, it is identified that 90-95% people are

directly benefited with the JEEVIKA livelihood project. Some of the people are enrol with

the income generation activities and maintaining their family need properly. Whereas

some of the people are in the pipeline to reach the destination. The group member had

been socially, mentally, & physically ready to grasp the opportunities for their better life.

The day to day routine, level of awareness, co-operation and collaboration among the

group member, sanitary practices, planning skill, earning pattern, and many other indicator

shows that the SHGs member are socially and economically developing.

9.0 Annexe: - 1

Questionnaire for the interaction with SHGs member

1. Introduction.

Name of the member: - Age: - Gender:- EducationOccupation

V.O Name:-

SHGs Name:-

Formation Date:- Amount of savings with the group: (current balance with the SHG)Weekly/ monthly savingsNo of loans taken since joining the group:Cumulative amount of loan since joining the groupCurrent loan

Purpose for which loan has taken1.23

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2. Family information.Family member descriptionNo of family members:Adults

Children

Earning members

Major source of income

LandEnterprises

Labour

Average monthly income

Male Female

Family Occupation:- Decision maker in the family:-Family education status

No of people literate in the familyMale Female

Income member of the family:-

3. Status of member after Jeevika intervention.

Social Status

Do you get any social respect from the community member? What type of social status increment you think you have achieved? Do you think the Jeevika have helped to change your lifestyle? Are you taking decision in your family? Is it accepted by your family member? Are you taking decision in social development area? Is it accepted by other

people? Do you think, you have developed a leadership skill? How? Do the social people give a separate respect in comparison to other people?

48 | P a g e

Do your family children admitted in school?

Economical Status

Do you think you have any economical increment after intervention of Jeevika? Are you aware of shaving practices? Do you think the saving money helps us for better life? How? What enterprise you are performing with the help of Jeevika & how it helps you to

increase your family income? Have you taken any loan from the organization, how you have utilized it to

enhance your productivity and income generation? Do you refund the loan in time? Are you able to fulfil all the basic needs of your family from your income? Do you have any plan to enhance your business size? Why? Out of your income how much money you are able to save Monthly/ Annually?

What is your purpose behind saving?

4. Status of member before Jeevika intervention?

Social Status Do you get the similar respect from the people, as you are getting after joining the

Jeevika? Do the social members ask you any typical advices? What is your status in your family/ Society? How the people treat with you before

joining the Jeevika? Are you making any decision in your family/ Society before? Do you get any chances to lead your family member/Social group before? Do the people give you a separate respect in comparison to other people?

Economical Status

What are the sources of income in your family before joining Jeevika? Are you able to fulfil all the basic needs of your family at that time? Are you able to save any money at that time? Have you taken any loan? Why? Have you refund it timely? Before joining Jeevika do you have any plan to increase your income? Are you able to maintain your family health, education, food security, and other

requirement comfortably before joining Jeevika?

Group Detail49 | P a g e

Name of the group

Year of formation

Number of members

Frequency of meeting

Cumulative amount of member’s savings:

Number of members taken loan

Number of members not received loan

Reason for not taking loan

Number of members started income generating activities

Types of income generating activities

Assistance received from government

Current loan amount with the members (Balance of amount yet to be repaid by members)

Interest rate of loans to members ...............

Mode of repayment

Whether linked with the bank

Name of the bank?

Year of linkage..................

Number of loans received..................

Cumulative amount of loan received from bank....................

Current loan amount

Loan amount repaid.....................

Interest amount paid/ interest rate

How do they distribute the loan in the group?

Other Information about group’s functioning:

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Group meeting

What they normally discuss in the group

Name of the president/ secretary/ treasurer

Are they rotating responsibilities?

Are they received any training from Jeevika

How do they maintain accounts?

What are the registers?

Who maintain the accounts?

Any difficulty in maintaining accounts (due to illiteracy?)

Are there any conflicts in the groups? ( for not getting loan?) Prepare a case study on how do they solve the issues?

Any members dropped out? If so reasons for drop out( not getting loan?

Whether all members participating in the meeting?

Is there any drop out due to inability of attending the group meeting?

What are the norms regarding the group meeting

Any such incidents? (if it is there a description of the events)

Is there any case of exclusion ( based on caste?)

GRADING OF SHGs

Whether the SHG is graded?

By whom

What are the parameters for grading?

What is the performance of the group on each of these parameters?

Whether all the members aware of the need for grading?

10.0 Bibliography

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JEEVIKA, 2010, PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN, Sumit enterprise, Patna.

Non Timber Forestry Products Exchange Program for Sough and South East Asia, (NTFP-EP), 2009, A Case Study Project Report, 2009.

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