10 PHOTOGRAPHIC RULES OF COMPOSITION AND FRAMINGBy Kristi Rippy-Sigman

I WOULD FIRST INTRODUCE THE STUDENTS TO A PHOTOGRAPH NOTEBOOK/JOURNAL/BINDER.

THE STUDENTS, AS THEY LEARN A NEW TECHNIQUE WILL KEEP NOTES AS WELL AS PHOTOGRAPHIC EXAMPLES THEY LOCATE AS WELL AS EXAMPLES THEY TAKE IN THEIR NOTEBOOK. 

1. BALANCING ELEMENTS

Placing your main subject off center. It can leave a void to one side if not “balanced” with another element of lesser importance to fill the space.

To teach the skill have student put main subject off center and find or add another object to offset the balance.

Photo: Stephen taking picture of Challenger (not for sure on this one)

From: http://www.photographymad.com/pages/view/10-top-photography-composition-rules

2. AVOID MERGERS

Avoid taking a picture without careful consideration of the background of your subject. We see things in three dimensions but our photographs do not consider the three dimensions of the background tree for example and the subject.

To teach the skill show students examples of merger pictures and have a “merger” background set up so students can take photos and see how it can impact a photo.

Photo: Stephen with Christmas tree. From: http

://photoinf.com/General/KODAK/guidelines_for_better_photographic_composition_avoiding_mergers.html

3. FRAMING

Framing -- tactic of using natural surroundings to add more meaning to your subject. It could be anything such as bushes, trees, a window, or even a doorway.

To teach the skill after showing students several examples take a nature walk and let the students use cameras to practice the technique.

Photo: picture of inside of iris, bulldog at MS, burning of old HS.

From:http://www.picturecorrect.com/tips/photography-the-rules-of-composition/

4. LEADING LINE

Used to lure the eye deeper into a picture or to an important subject. Straight, curved, parallel, or diagonal lines are all good at promoting interest.

To teach the skills have students brainstorm and write down 3 ideas and then locate and take the photograph.

Photo: Nature trail, Stephen on tracks, gun barrel

From:http://www.picturecorrect.com/tips/photography-the-rules-of-composition/

5. TEXTURE Connects the picture a person sees to what it feels like

to touch what is in the picture. Good idea when you are taking pictures of rocks, walls, surfaces, someone’s hands, or leaves.

To teach the skill of texture let students explore different textures blindfolded once their eyes are opened show them pictures of different textured objects they touched let them make the connection. Making that concrete connection then have them to write about a picture they want to take using a texture and why then let them explore and take the picture to go with the story they wrote.

Photo: Snow? Barn door. From:

http://www.fodors.com/travel-photography/article-textures-53/

6. COLORS

Heart and emotion to your pictures. Can inspire onlookers, used to add all sorts of accents and effects, but be careful to not draw attention away from the main subject.

To teach have students photograph three different colors of objects.

Photo: Clover. From:http

://www.picturecorrect.com/tips/photography-the-rules-of-composition/

7. PATTERNS

Keeping a pattern consistent and undermining a pattern by putting something out of place. The ultimate goal is to trick the eye into seeing more than what is really present.

To teach have students explore taking photographs of various patterns in general then have them to identify other students patterns and try for harder patterns for the eye to see.

Photo: Clover and dandelion. From:

http://www.phototipworld.com/2010/12/basic-rules-of-framing-captivating.html

Can you find the 4 leaf clover in the picture?

Now do you see it?

8. SYMMETRY

We are surrounded by symmetry both natural and man-made. Can make the eye wander all across an image, which is pleasing to the mind of your viewer. It echoes your scene.

To teach have students explore photographs and locate photograph examples of symmetry and explain why it would be considered in the category. Then have students to locate and photograph symmetry.

Photo: US Capital also with leading lines to draw your eye upward, also Air Force Academy

From:http://www.phototipworld.com/2010/12/basic-rules-of-framing-captivating.html

9. CROPPING

Often a photo will lack impact because the main subject is so small it becomes lost among the clutter of its surroundings. By cropping tight around the subject you eliminate the background “noise”.

To teach have students to practice with photographs preloaded on computers of cropping.

Photo: Butterfly, bee pictures. From:http

://www.photographymad.com/pages/view/10-top-photography-composition-rules

10. RULE OF ODDS

States that images are more visually appealing when there is an odd number of subjects. Studies have shown that people are actually more at ease and comfortable when viewing imagery with odd number of subjects.

To teach have students practice by taking pictures with odd number of items.

Photo: Set of 3 dandelions. From: http://

digital-photography-school.com/digital-photography-composition-tips

11. HEADROOM/LEADING ROOM

Amount of room in the frame which is strategically left empty. Leading room -- leaving room for object that is moving into an area-don’t have it running off screen. Head room is amount of space between the top of the subjects head and top of the frame.

To teach have the students practice taking pictures of other students walking for leading room. Have them practice taking photographs to demonstrate head room of each other.

Photo: From:http

://www.mediacollege.com/video/cameera/tutorial/01-framing.html

12. POSITION OF SHOT Taking pictures at eye level, looking down the scene

(taking photographs of a person while looking down upon them diminishes them), looking up the scene (taking photographs of a person while looking upward on them make them appear more imposing). Diagonal photos -- important elements of the picture should be placed along diagonals. Dutch Shot -- changing camera angle -- not straight to capture photograph of subject.

To teach have students locate examples online of the different photograph elements then practice the elements and write about the differences in the elements.

Photo: Iris pictures, Stephen, Sassy. From:http

://www.mediacollege.com/video/camera/tutorial/01-framing.html

YOU TRY A FEW: WHAT ARE THESE?