TOULMIN PARAGRAPHSJORDAN KOHANIM

SHOULD I TAKE NOTES?

STEPHEN TOULMIN

British Philosopher

Worked at Oxford

Influenced by Ludwig Wittgenstein

BASIC 3-PART CDW/ TOULMIN:•CLAIM•DATA•WARRANT

CLAIM DATA

WARRANT

WE WILL START WITH THESE

C - D- W

And eventually get

To 6-part Toulmins

•CLAIM•DATA•QUALIFIER•QUANTIFIER•WARRANT•TRANSITION

CLAIM:WHAT YOU CLAIM TO BE TRUE:

FACT: something is/ was/ will beVALUE: something is good or badPOLICY: something should or should not be done

DATA:REASON BEHIND YOUR ARGUMENT:

QUOTE: line of text (must be “quote-weaved”) LOGIC: reasoningANECDOTAL: something you have personally observed

CAN I MAKE UP DATA?

WARRANT:LINK DATA TO YOUR CLAIM:

HARDEST PART OF THE ARGUMENTThey explain how/ why your data proves your claim

EXAMPLE:YOU DON’T HAVE TO WRITE THIS DOWN. (IT WILL BE POSTED TO THE WEBSITE)

Claim: After school jobs create a negative experience for teens because they conflict with the essential goal of success in academics. Data: Outside school hours devoted to academics are essential to successful academic performance. Warrants: After school jobs subtract from essential study time and therefore retract from the overarching goal of academic success. Teens with after school jobs often do not have enough spare time to succeed at both a job and school. For that reason, students’ grades will drop or they will lose their job.

Did you notice?

Logic was used for data

Did you notice?

The warrant was more than one sentence

After school jobs subtract from essential study time and therefore retract from the overarching goal of academic success. Teens with after school jobs often do not have enough spare time to succeed at both a job and school. For that reason, students’ grades will drop or they will lose their job.

Can my warrant be one sentence long?

That is the 3-part Toulmin

Or C-D-W

This is what you will

Use at first

ETHOS

ETHOS: ethical appeal, means convincing by the character of the author. We tend to

believe people whom we respect. One of the central problems of argumentation is to

project an impression to the reader that you are someone worth listening to, in

other words making yourself as author into an authority on the subject of the paper, as well as someone who is likable and worthy

of respect.

LOGOS

LOG

OS

LOGOS: means persuading by the use of reasoning. We'll look at

deductive and inductive reasoning, and discuss what makes an

effective, persuasive reason to back up your claims. Giving reasons is the heart of argumentation, and cannot be emphasized enough.

PATHOS

PATHOS: (Emotional) means persuading by appealing to the reader's emotions. We can look at texts ranging from classic essays to contemporary advertisements to see how pathos,

emotional appeals, are used to persuade. Language choice affects the audience's emotional response, and emotional appeal can effectively be used to enhance an argument.

The 6- Part Toulmin

6 PARTAS 10TH HONORS STUDENTS, YOU

MUST CREATE:

+ QUALIFIERS

QUALIFIERS gives context to your claim. Example:The extra time required outside of class to process, practice, and compose will compete with an after school job’s schedule.

+ QUANTIFIERQUANTIFIER explain how your data supports your claim. Example:This competition will eventually resolve to sacrificing job time or academic time. For that reason, after school jobs clash with objectives of academic success.

DO NOT

Claim: Using indirect characterization, Hemmingway portrays a person that is absolutely terrified of war and only wants to save himself, unlike the cliché war heroes often found in novels relating to war. There are two types of love motif that the soldier has on a balance scale. On one side is the love for himself and on the other side is his love for his country; after apparently seeing enough of war, his love for himself and the desire to stay alive outweighs his loyalty and love of his country. Data: The poor man gets so desperate to not return to fighting that he even states after talking about his wound “I threw away the goddam truss so it would get bad and I wouldn’t have to go to the line again” (Hemmingway 35). Warrants: The actions that indirectly characterize the poor soldier show that even though a man may have different types of love, one can outweigh the other and the one that is weighed more may be different from the one of another man. Not all people have the same types of love; there can definitely be variation in the types and the in weight of the different types

IT WILL BE AWKWARD UNTIL YOU BECOME MORE SKILLED

+ TRANSITIONTRANSITIONS move from one paragraph to the next. They also move the reader more fluidly through the paragraph. They are only used in full-length academic papers, not Timed Writings.

One type of love in the novel is the love for oneself, and another is the love for one’s country. Using indirect characterization, Hemmingway portrays a person that is absolutely terrified of war and only wants to save himself, unlike the cliché war heroes often found in novels relating to war. This person who is terrified of war is a soldier Henry finds suffering from hernia on the streets. There are two types of love that the soldier has on a balance scale. On one side is the love for himself and on the other side is his love for his country. After apparently seeing enough of war, his love for himself and the desire to stay alive outweighs his loyalty and love of his country. The poor man gets so desperate to not return to fighting that he even states after talking about his wound “I threw away the goddam truss so it would get bad and I wouldn’t have to go to the line again” (Hemmingway 35).Hemmingway juxtaposes the expectations of readers (most would have thrown away the “goddam truss”). To argue that it’s not a completely terrible thing to love oneself and life. There are definitely people who do love and would die for their country, but there are always people that have different priorities and don’t. The actions that indirectly characterize the poor soldier show that even though a man may have different types of love, one can outweigh the other and the one that is weighed more may be different from the one of another man. Not all people have the same types of love; there can definitely be variation in the types and the in weight of the different types.

This paper is likely about…

CLAIM:In Edgar Allen Poe’s “Cask of Amontillado,” the ending is foreshadowed both by Montresor’s malice and the obviously elaborate scheme that unfolds in the plot.

DATA:Montresor reveals the malice he feels towards Fortunato when he says, “The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as best I could, but when he ventured upon insult I vowed revenge” (5).

WARRANT:The foreboding sound of “vowed revenge” clearly suggests a deep malice.

QUALIFIER:Although we have no idea from the plot what injuries Montresor has experienced, we can tell by this passage that some insult has been exchanged and that Montresor means to repay Fortunato for it as well as “the thousand injuries” he has suffered.

QUANTIFIER:The use of the past tense in this opening also allows the malice to foreshadow the ending, since the use of the past tense would suggest that the ending has occurred in actual time before the narrator begins to tell his story.

ALL TOGETHER:In Edgar Allen Poe’s “Cask of Amontillado”, the ending is foreshadowed both by Montresor’s malice and the obviously elaborate scheme that unfolds in the plot. Montresor reveals the malice he feels towards Fortunato when he says, “The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as best I could, but when he ventured upon insult I vowed revenge” (5). Although we have no idea from the plot what injuries Montresor has experienced, we can tell by this passage that some insult has been exchanged and that Montresor means to repay Fortunato for it as well as “the thousand injuries” he has suffered. The foreboding sound of “vowed revenge” clearly suggests a deep malice. However, the use of the past tense in this opening also allows the malice to foreshadow the ending, since the use of the past tense would suggest that the ending has occurred in actual time before the narrator begins to tell his story. Taken together, Montresor’s opening expression of malicious intent phrased in the past tense and the obviously premeditated scheme that unfolds during the plot foreshadow Fortunato’s terrible death at the end of “Cask of Amontillado.”

WE HAVE TO DO ALL THAT?