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Primary and Secondary Sources
What is going on in this photo?
What questions does it raise?
What does it tell us about this time period?
Different Types of Sources There are two different types of sources
Primary- evidence from a time period or event Secondary- someone else’s interpretation of a
time period or event.
Direct Source- First Hand account Indirect Source- Second Hand information
What is a Primary Source?
Autobiographies Diaries Documents Eyewitness accounts Laws Letters Newspaper articles Speeches
Artifacts Oral histories Photographs Film footage Art Music
An informational source from the time of an event
Why do we use primary sources?
It’s hard evidence from the time period, not information that has been passed through the telephone game of telling and retelling history.
Only your interpretation
Does a Primary Source have to be the original
material?No – it can be in another form, but it can’t be edited or interpreted in any way.
For example,
A picture of King Tut’s coffin
printed in a book or posted on
a website can be considered
a primary source.
Questions to ask yourself when looking at Primary
Sources Who wrote (or made) this? How do they know the information they
are telling me? When did they write/ make it? Why did they write/ make it? Who did they write/ make it for?
What are Secondary Sources?An informational source that analyzes the
event. These sources often use several primary
sources to compile their information. This is someone else’s interpretation of an
event, not a first person account. Examples
Biographies Encyclopedias History books Textbooks
Are Secondary Sources useful?
Yes – They provide the necessary background or context to be able to interpret Primary Sources.
For example,
World Book 2005 or your Social Studies textbook can provide background information about the events leading up to the Trojan War.
Name that Source
Primary vs. Secondary
Primary or Secondary?
A copy of the USA Constitution, printed in an 8th grade text book.
Questions to ask: When was it created?
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Primary or Secondary?
A drawing of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table.
Questions to ask: Was the artist actually
present at this event?
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QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Primary or Secondary?
Encyclopedia article about the first Emperor of China.
Questions to ask: Were the authors
involved in the events they are writing about?
Primary or Secondary?
Homer’s Iliad, an epic poem about the men and women of the Trojan War.
Questions to ask: When was the Iliad
written? At the time of the War? Years after the War
ended?
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Primary or Secondary?
Photos of the Terracotta Soldiers from a website.
Questions to ask: When were they made?
During the time period or event? After the time period or event?
Primary or Secondary? A journal written by an
artist who made the terracotta soldiers.
Questions to ask: When was it written? Was the person who
wrote it actually involved in the event?
Did the author get his/her information for someone else who was involved in the event?
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Primary or Secondary?
Artifacts from the tomb of King Tut.
Questions to ask: When were they made? Who made them?
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Primary or Secondary? Troy, a movie about the
Trojan War starring Brad Pit.
Questions to Ask: What was the author’s
purpose: Was this a documentary
based on historical research?
Was this a film produced by Hollywood for entertainment purposes?
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What do you think?
Artifacts from the tomb of King Tut.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
What do you think?
Photo of the Terracotta Soldiers from a website.
What do you think?
The USA Constitution
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are needed to see this picture.