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IP Infringement at Universities:Introduction
Altug YalcintasAnkara University
Tentative Programme*
• 6 March: Introduction • 15 March: Conceptions• 22 March: Cases• 29 March: Basic Indicators• 5 April: Reasons Why• 12 April: Consequences
• 19 April: Presentations• 17 May: Presentation• 24 May: Exam
* Check the Event Planner for course hours
Markets do NOT always work!
Research questions
(1) Why should scholars be concerned about IP related issues in sciences?
(2) How common are the cases of IP infringement in sciences? (3) What should researchers do to minimize the negative consequences
of IP infringement?
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Markets are integrated!
Things to do(a) We will think about the significance of the issues of IP in sciences
and economies (b) We will study the size of the market of IP(-related commodities) (c) We will examine the cases of IP infringement as well as the size of
the economy of IP infringement (d) We will think about the reasons why scholars are involved in
questionable research practices that lead to IP infringement.
Central argumentThe consequences of IP infringement:• economic inefficiencies in global and local markets• interruptions in the processes of “truth seeking.”
Sciences (and economies) require the researchers (and the non-researchers) to be concerned about:• the laws of IP• the ethics of IP
The Ethics of IP
Law
EconomicsEthics
Negative Externalities
Positive Externalitie
s
Unintended Consequences
Intended Consequences
Figure: Ethics, Law, and the Consequences and Intentions of Individual Behaviour
LawEthics
Setting the stage
“Economics is the queen of social sciences”*
* Paul Samuelson 1976 [1948]. Economics. NY: MacGraw-Hill: 6
Paul Samuelson (MIT)1970 “Nobel Prize” in Economics
(The first American to win the prize)
Setting the stage
“Economics is the queen of social sciences”*
* Paul Samuelson 1976 [1948]. Economics. NY: MacGraw-Hill: 6
DOES THIS MEAN THAT ECONOMISTS ARE RESPONSIBLE SCHOLARS?
After the 2008 Financial Crisis• To a very large extent: yes, economists are responsible scholars; they
are open minded; and they are self-critical.
After the 2008 Financial Crisis• To a very large extent: yes, economists are responsible scholars; they
are open minded; and they are self-critical. However:
• Lately, economists have been accused of fraud and conflict of interest• Screening of esp. Inside Job (2010): The role economists played in the
materialization of the crisis• Now, a growing awareness on falsification, fabrication, plagiarism
(aka: FFP) in economics
After the 2008 Financial CrisisA selection of movies that might be of interest:
Capitalism: A Love Story (2009)Inside Job (2010)Margin Call (2011)Too Big to Fail (2011)The Big Short (2015)
Irresponsible behaviour of the queen of social sciences
• Adam Smith as a plagiarist (Murray N. Rothbard)• Chicago Boys (Juan Gabriel Valdes)• Economics as Cyborg Science (Phil Mirowski)• Statistical significance tests (D. McCloskey and S. Ziliak)
Issues to be considered in the following weeks
• Replication failure• Underrepresentation• Methodological inaccuracies• Conflicts of interest• Plagiarism and retractions• Processes of peer review
Economics of IP infringement vs. IP infringement in economics
Topics Covered in the Economics (Science) of IP Infringement
Topics Covered in IP Infringement in Economics (Sciences)
Introductory debates on some of the conceptions of IP
• Economics of scientific knowledge• The market of commodities vs. the market of ideas• Markets vs. market economies (capitalist market economies)• The issue of property the laws of property (rights)
• Intellectual economy (academic capitalism)• The issue of IP the laws of IP (rights)
• Processes of production, distribution, and consumption of commodities (such as fridges, hamburgers, and cars)
Introductory debates on some of the conceptions of IP
• Commodity vs. goods• Use-value vs. exchange-value• Knowledge as public good vs. knowledge as commodity• Prosumption of IP commodities• Sharing culture: • (1) decreasing returns vs. increasing returns• (2) amount of shared commodities (IP commodities vs. non-IP commodities)
So what?• “The truth will be out” (Originator: W. Shakespeare, 1596)• “All’s well, that ends well” (Originator: W. Shakespeare, 1604)• “Justice will be served”• “Time will tell”• “The patience of Job” (Or: “the patience of a saint”)• “The moment of truth”• “Matter of time”• “Happily ever after”
Where / What is the Truth?
