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*Property of STI I0050
PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTALS
Flowchart
Algorithm Programming Cycle
Pseudocode
Software Development Life Cycle
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*Property of STI I0050
A methodology used to develop, maintain, and replace information systemsImproves the quality of the software design and development processImportance of SDLC
To create good systems designA guide in systems development
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Planning
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Maintenance
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Initial stage in the SDLCIncludes the information about the requirements for the proposed software Known as the feasibility study phase
“In the first phase of the SDLC, the organization’s total information
system needs are identified, analyzed, prioritized, and arranged.”
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Requires the analyst to thoroughly study the current procedures or software usedThe main goal is to identify the requirements
“This phase studies the current system and produces proposed alternatives or replacements.”
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*Property of STI I0050
The developer translates into actual design or specifications of the softwareDevelopment of the software: covering the input and output screens to reports, databases, and computer process
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CodingCreation of the actual program
TestingPerforms quality testing
InstallationSlowly or completely replaces the old software
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To remove found errorsSoftware is systematically repaired and improved
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Suggests that prior to proceeding to next phase, the current phase should be finished first
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Allows overlap between phases
Allows phases to repeat, if necessary
MAINTENANCE
IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN
ANALYSIS
PLANNING
PLANNINGANALYZE DESIGN
IMPLEMENTMAINTAIN SYSTEM
ANALYZE DESIGN
IMPLEMENT
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A step-by-step problem-solving procedureFinite sequence of stepsA specific set of well-defined, simple mathematical and logical procedures
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*Property of STI I0050
Guide to a good Algorithm1. Specify each step or instruction exactly2. There must be a finite number of steps3. There must be an output
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*Property of STI I0050
Generic way of describing an algorithmModels and resembles real programming code
while not at end of listcompare adjacent elementsif second is greater than firstswitch them get next two elementsif elements were switchedrepeat for entire list
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*Property of STI I0050
A chart that contains symbols describing how the program performs
A graphic map of the path of control or data
Uses symbols such as squares, diamonds, and ovals to represent various operations
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Terminal block
Process block
Input/output block
Decision block
Initialization block
Connector
Flow Lines
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Indicated by straight lines with arrowsArrowhead is sometimes not shownUsed to connect blocks
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Ovals or rounded rectangles used to indicate the start and the end
START
END
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The hexagon used for declaring / initializing variablesDeclarationInitialization
X = 10Y = 25
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The rectangle indicates a processing blockOne entrance and one exit
X = Y + ZA = 18
B = A - 2
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The parallelogram indicates input to and output operationsOne entrance and only one exit
Get X Display X
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The diamond indicates a decisionOne entrance and exactly two exits from the block
Action when TRUE
Condition
Action when FALSE
FT
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*Property of STI I0050
The circle is used as a connection point between two sections not adjacent or closely located to each otherEnhance readability
A
A
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Create a flowchart that displays your age five years from now assuming that your present age is 18.
Stop
Display Age
Age = Age + 5
Age = 18
Start
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*Property of STI I0050
Create a flowchart that will increase the value of x by 5 if x is less than 10 then, display the result; otherwise no action shall be done
Start
x = 0
x < 10?
x = x + 5
Display x
Stop
Get x
Yes No
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