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Entrepreneurship (from Investor’s Perspective)
Serhat GörgünInovent Inc.
General Manager06.07.2009
METU, Ankara
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
AGENDA
• Stages of Financing• The Process of Acquiring Financing• Investment Decision Criteria• Investment Turn-Offs• Attributes of Great Investors• Investors’ Contribution
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Stages Of Financing
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Stages Of FinancingSeed stage financing• The venture is still in the idea formation stage and
its product or service is not fully developed. • The founder/inventor is given a small amount of
capital to come up with a working prototype. • It's rare for a venture capital firm to fund this
stage. • In most cases, the money must come from the
founder's own pocket, from the "3 Fs" (Family, Friends, and Fools), government grants, seed funds and occasionally from angel investors.
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Stages Of FinancingStart up financing• The venture at this point has at least one commercial
prototype and/or customer paid for the product/services.
• The venture has at least one principal working full time. • The search is on for the other key management team
members and work is being done on testing and finalizing the prototype for production.
• Seed and early stage VC investors as well as angels invest at this stage
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Stages Of FinancingFirst -stage financing• The venture has finally launched and achieved initial
traction. • Sales are trending upwards. • A management team is in place along with employees• The funding from this stage is used to fuel sales, reach
the breakeven point, increase productivity, cut unit costs, as well as build the corporate infrastructure and distribution system.
• This stage is where VCs play active role in investment
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Stages Of FinancingSecond -stage financing• Sales at this point are starting to snowball. • The company is also rapidly accumulating
accounts receivable and inventory. • Capital from this stage is used for funding
expansion in all its forms from meeting increasing marketing expenses to entering new markets to financing rapidly increasing accounts receivable.• Venture capital firms specializing in later stage
funding enter the picture at this point
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Stages Of FinancingMezzanine or Bridge financing• At this point the company is a proven winner and it is agreed to
take it public within a defined period of time (eg 6 months).• Mezzanine or bridge financing is a short term form of financing
used to prepare a company for its IPO. This includes cleaning up the balance sheet to remove debt that may have accumulated, buy out early investors and founders deemed not strong enough to run a public company, and pay for various other costs stemming from going public.
• The funding may come from a venture capital firm or bridge financing specialist. They are usually paid back from the proceeds of the IPO.
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Stages Of Financing
Initial Public Offering (IPO)• The company finally achieves liquidity by
being allowed to have its stock bought and sold by the public.
• Founders sell off stock and often go back to the beginning with another startup.
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Why Early Stage Investment is needed?
1. Financing of product development2. Financing of market penetration3. Financing of investments4. Working capital financing to secure operative
continuity5. Maintaining liquidity to be able to cover daily
payments
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Being in Need vs Being Ready• Entrepreneurs don't understand the difference between having a need
for capital and being ready to ask for it. Because entrepreneurs are motivated to seek capital based on need, not readiness.
• When an entrepreneur is driven by a strong sense of need, the message they send to an investor is one or more of the following:– I'm unwilling to invest any more of my money, so I need yours. – I haven't been able to raise money from anyone else, so I need you to save me.
• On the other hand, when an entrepreneur has "done their homework" and truly understands what it takes to run a business, the message they send is:– I'm ready for a partner to help me take this to the next level. – I have a handle on my product, my market and my customers, and I'm ready to accept an
investment that'll help me grow. – I've researched the various sources of capital available to me and I'm ready to work with
you because you're the best match.
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
The Process of Acquiring Financing
Introduction Meeting Due-diligence
•Fast Pitch•Executive Summary
•Quick view•Informal Dialogue•Informal Due-diligence•Formal Presentations•Business Plan
•Investment Decision •Formal Due-Diligence•Closing Documents•Valuation
% 90 Fail100 => 10
% 50 Fail10 => 5
% 50 Fail5 => 2-3
Investment
Term-SheetShareholders’ Agreement
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Introduction
• This is the stage where most (about 90 %) of all proposed projects are rejected.
• The initial assessment is made relatively rapidly and therefore the company should pay attention to two aspects:
• a short description of the company (elevator pitch),and/or• a well-prepared business plan summary is the best
means of attracting and convincing the investor.
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
IntroductionFast Pitch Checklist1. Who We Are
Profile yourself and your team’s capabilities. 2. What We Got
Describe your opportunity, market need/pain and solution. Specifically describe your traction in your market space. For example, letters of intent from marquee customers or recurring revenues.
3. Where We’re GoingOverview of your growth benchmarks/milestones and the market potential of your technology.
4. What We NeedDo not offer specific financial needs. Just be prepared to answer privately. Consantrate on non-financials.
5. Why NowState what has changed in the world that opens up the window to your particular opportunity.
6. What We OfferDescribe a basic understanding of how you will provide a return on investors’ money.
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
IntroductionExecutive Summary:Very few Investors read detailed Business Plans in the very first stage. Instead
you need a 1 or 2 page “Executive Summary” which includes such things as: a company background, a description of the business, what problem you are solving, what is special about the way you are solving it, the management team, details about the market you are addressing, summary financial information, a technical presentation your business model.
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
The Process of Acquiring Financing
Introduction Meeting Due-diligence
•Fast Pitch•Executive Summary
•Quick view•Informal Dialogue•Informal Due-diligence•Formal Presentations•Business Plan
•Investment Decision •Formal Due-Diligence•Closing Documents•Valuation
% 90 Fail100 => 10
% 50 Fail10 => 5
% 50 Fail5 => 2-3
Investment
Term-Sheet Shareholders’ Agreement
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
MeetingAfter you’ve made a great first impression, your next objective
as an entrepreneur is to make an even better second, third, fourth and fifth impressions.
And this requires continuing to clearly communicate the value that you and your business idea bring to the table.
Should the investor decide that the investment request meets his criteria, the following step is a meeting arranged with the company management.
A presentation of the business is required.Experience has shown that about half of the remaining
companies are discarded at this stage
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Presentation:1. Cover Slide
This first slide and discussion should help position your venture so the investors have a framework for listening. - Include the name of your venture - The presenter’s name, the title - A concise one-sentence Value Line statement (”What we do”)
2. New Business Venture Opportunity and Analysis - Problem: describe the pain of the customer, why they need your product - Describe how the customer addresses the issue today - Solution: describe how your solutions, value proposition, makes the customer’s life better. - Market size: describe how much headroom is available, how big is the market? - Competitor analysis: what we do better, what they do better
3. Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage - Business Strategy; Competitive Advantage and Business Model
Meeting
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Presentation:4. Venture Team Development and Management
- Founders and management - How came together, how funded - Board of directors and advisors
5. Controlling and Allocating Critical Capital Resources - Where are you in the product pipeline, roadmap? - Briefly discuss your product features - What kind of special resources required?
6. Market Entry Strategy - Prepare a simple “Value Map” - Describes how your product physically gets to the end customer
Meeting
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Presentation:7. Marketing and Sales Strategies
- Who is leading the venture team for sales? - Revenue Model: can describe it in 1 minute or less! - Revenue event, when? How?
8. Managing Rapid Growth - Which type of growth strategy? - How will you manage the growth (prevent a stall?) - How about going global?
Meeting
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Presentation:9. Financing Strategy
- How much? (Answers: “what do you need to get this done?”) - When do you need the money? Other rounds down the road?
10. Exit Strategy and Exit Goals - What are some potential exits? - What are some of the examples in the space? - What are you doing today for these to happen?
11. Conclusion Slide - Focus on Why Now - Describe the inflection points in your industry - Describe recent trends that makes your solution viable today - How your company is set on capitalizing on the recent trends
Meeting
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
The Process of Acquiring Financing
Introduction Meeting Due-diligence
•Fast Pitch•Executive Summary
•Quick view•Informal Dialogue•Informal Due-diligence•Formal Presentations•Business Plan
•Investment Decision •Formal Due-Diligence•Closing Documents•Valuation
% 90 Fail100 => 10
% 50 Fail10 => 5
% 50 Fail5 => 2-3
Investment
Term-Sheet Shareholders’ Agreement
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Due Diligence• Due-Diligence stage (also called Negotiation Stage),
involves a thorough study of the target company by the investor who assesses the company on the basis of his own, weighted investment criteria.
• At this stage it is critical to assess:• the market and the opportunity• the entrepreneur and the management team• the technology• competition• the financials
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Due Diligence
Assessing the Opportunity• How big is the market?• How competitive is the space?• What’s the average product cycle time?• Will this define a market?• Where is the competition heading?• How hard is it to sell?
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Due Diligence
Assessing the Entrepreneur and the Management Team• Understanding motivations• Determining commitment level • Determining willingness to sacrifice• Judging appetite for risk• Assessing expertise• Appraising entrepreneur’s leadership abilities and
vision
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Due DiligenceAssessing the Technology• Is it a breakthrough or just evolutionary?• Is it protectable?• How easy is it to replicate or substitute?• “Nice to have” vs “Must have”• Is the success of the enterprise dependent on the success or
uniqueness of the technology?• How mature is the technology?• What’s the time to market?• What’s the technical risk?
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Due Diligence
Assessing the Competition• Understand where the competition is going,
not just where it is today• Rate how innovative the competition is• Predict how they will respond to your offering• Compare leadership teams• Consider switching cost
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Valuation:• Early-stage valuation is an art, not a science.• Needs to be high enough to reward entrepreneurs for risk
(quitting job, etc.)• Needs to be low enough to allow step-up at Series B round.• Irrational but true: Valuation depends on the amount of
money being raised!• There are two approaches to making investment decisions by
means of discounted cash flows. One is the net present value method (NPV), and the other is the internal rate of return (IRR) method.
Due Diligence
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
The Process of Acquiring Financing
Introduction Meeting Due-diligence
•Fast Pitch•Executive Summary
•Quick view•Informal Dialogue•Informal Due-diligence•Formal Presentations•Business Plan
•Investment Decision •Formal Due-Diligence•Closing Documents•Valuation
% 90 Fail100 => 10
% 50 Fail10 => 5
% 50 Fail5 => 2-3
Investment
Term-Sheet Shareholders’ Agreement
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Investment Decision CriteriaProduct-Market Factors:• Market Growth And Attractiveness• Uniqueness Of Product And Technology• Degree Market Already Established• Market Size• Seasonality Of Product-Market• Sensitivity To Economic Cycles
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Investment Decision Criteria:Strategic-Competitive Factors:• Ease Of Market Entry• Ability To Create Post-Entry Barriers• Sustained Share Competitive Position• Nature And Degree Of Competition• Strength Of Suppliers And Distributors
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Management Team Factors:• Leadership Potential Of Management Team• Leadership Potential Of Lead Entrepreneur• Recognized Industry Expertise In Management Team• Track Record Of Lead Entrepreneur• Track Record Of Management Team
Management Competence Factors:• Marketing/Sales Capabilities Of Team• Process/Production Capabilities Of Team• Organizational/Administrative Capabilities Of Team• Financial/Accounting Capabilities Of Team
Investment Decision Criteria:
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Financial Factors:• Time To Breakeven• Time To Payback• Expected Rate Of Return• Ability To Cash Out
Fund Factors:• Business Meets Fund Constraints• Business And Product Fit With Fund Portfolio• Ability Of Investors To Influence The Deal• Location Of Business Relative To The Fund
Investment Decision Criteria:
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Deal Factors:• Stage Of Investment Required• Number And Nature Of Co-Investors In Deal• Ability To Syndicate Deal• Scale And Chance Of Later Rounds Of
Financing• Importance Of Unclear Assumptions
Investment Decision Criteria:
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Turn-offs• “Me too”• Low Barriers to Entry• Entrepreneur’s willing to cash-out with the
investment• “Missionary”• Large follow - on capital needs• “Keep the lights on” capital raise• Multiple target markets addressed at early stage of
company
35© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Post Investment Challenges
• Developing the team• Bringing products to market• Use of Funds• Beating the competition– Focus on reliability and performance rather than
features– Be responsive to customer needs and take the
customer’s point of view
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
The Process of Acquiring Financing
• In the end, the investment is made in about 2 to 3 % cases of all received investment requests.
• The parties finally make a shareholder agreement to establish practical operating rules.
• Investor’s exit could be anything between liquidation and IPO.
• The intention is to liquidate the shareholding in early phase companies after 4-8 years and in companies with follow-on funding after 1-3 years
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Attributes of Great Investors• Bets on people not trends• Driven by the big idea• Looking for the big winner• Not afraid of failure• Knows how to thread the needle to get success• Understand how to develop and manage a portfolio of risk• Serves as a fantastic coach• Does his/her best work outside of the board room• Not waiting for validation from other Investors
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Strategic
- Serve as a sounding board in crafting and flight testing ideas and strategies.
- Business consultant with unique industry experience.
- Developing, negotiating agreements, and executing strategic partnerships.
- Developing and executing acquisition strategies.
- Developing financial plans and assisting in follow-on rounds of funding.
- Developing a global business strategy.
- Negotiating licensing or royalty agreements.
Investor’s Contribution to Entrepreneur
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Social and Supportive
- Company building experience.
- Can help manage the transition from entrepreneurial to professional
management structures.
- Been around in hard times, providing sound advice and encouragement.
- Have a complete repertoire of mistakes and stories to share.
- Knowledgeable of industry trends and exposed to insider knowledge seeing
deals and plans.
- Vital business coach, mentor and personal friend, confidant.
- Support for, during and after initial public offerings or other liquidity events.
Investor’s Contribution to Entrepreneur
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Network Effect
- Credibility to venture team.
- Helping recruit key management and board members.
- Providing access to industry experts and knowledgeable advisors.
- Providing access to the right professional service providers, e.g. legal and accounting firms.
- Instrumental in opening doors to key marquee customers that otherwise might not take a new
venture seriously.
- Instrumental in opening doors to key suppliers.
- Introducing the venture team to other private equity investors.
- Providing access to the investment bankers for preparing a viable exit.
- Providing access to executives overseas for strategic alliances, investments and resources.
- Making key contacts with banks and leasing companies.
- Providing a close-knit relationship with other ventures in the portfolio.
Investor’s Contribution to Entrepreneur
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Due-Diligence (The Other Way Around)
• Structure of an Investor
• Questions to Ask About Investors When in the entrepreneurial life cycle do they prefer to invest?
What business sectors/niches do they prefer?
How much do they typically invest per deal?
What is their average size of investment? Minimums and maximums.
Do they have any industry experts in their firm?
In which ventures in your space have they already invested?
How are their investments typically structured? Do they prefer to lead deals?
With whom have they completed conjoined deals?
What is their geographic focus?
Who are the key partners? What are their backgrounds (degrees, companies, etc.)?
What is their network effect potential?
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Turkey’s intellectual property management and innovation commercialization HUB
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Serhat GörgünSerhat GörgünInovent Inc.Inovent Inc.General ManagerGeneral Manager
Address: Hacı Muhittin SkAddress: Hacı Muhittin SkKanlıca/Beykoz/İstanbul/Turkey Kanlıca/Beykoz/İstanbul/Turkey
0 216 537 72 000 216 537 72 00
www.inovent.com.tr
© Inovent 2009 - Confidential
Serhat GörgünInovent A.Ş.Genel Müdür
Adres: GOSB Teknokent High-Tech Bina41480 Gebze/Kocaeli/Türkiye
0 262 678 89 00www.inovent.com.tr
10.04.23 © Inovent 2009 - Confidential