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Trans Pacific Partnership in the perspective of South Korea. Pros and Cons for joining TPP and suggestions for future prospects for South Korea
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TPP in the perspective of South Korea
Choi, YesleKim, Kwangryu
Table of contents
1. Introduction 2. Current situation
2-1. Current Situation of South Korea
2-2. South Korea’s Strategy to TPP
3. TPP in perspective of Korea3-1. Necessities to participate
4. Pros & cons for participating in TPP 5. Conclusion
5.1 . Policy Recommendation
5-2. What Should Korea Do?
Introduction 1-1. What is TPP?1-2. Negotiating Issues of TPP
1-1. What is TPP?Trans-Pacific Partnership
• The most comprehensive FTA under negotiation• 12 nations • Responsible for 40% of global GDP
• Aim: establish an high-quality agreement encompassing issues that are not part of a FTA • IPRs, environmental protection regulations..
1-2. Negotiating issues
Core Negotiating Issues• Trade Liberalization in
goods & services• IPRs• Labour• Environmental
protection• Technical barriers to
trade• Financial services
New Cross-Cutting Issues• State-Owned
Enterprises• E-Commerce• Small and Medium
Sized Companies
Current situation of South Korea 2-1. Current Situation of South Korea2-2. South Korea’s strategy to TPP
2-1. Current Situation of South Korea• Korean Economy• Heavily depends on Trade• Government is pushed to open up to foreign markets through
FTAs • helped the resource-scarce country rise to rank as the world’s 9th
largest trading nation
• New Trade Road map:• From a Policy Direction Perspective
• Pursue mutually beneficial FTA externally while also pursuing communication-based FTA internally.
• From the other Perspective• Change of policy objective from becoming an FTA hub country to
becoming a linchpin in regional economic integration.
2-1. Current Situation of South Korea
In the beginning of year 2014, President Park announced that
• South Korea seeks to join the TPP • & wants progressive commercial
deal with China
Obama’s official visit to South Korea in late May 2014• Pending a decision to participate in
TPP
2-1. Current Situation of South Korea
Korea has bilateral FTA with; Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Malaysia, Singapore, U.S., Vietnam
- Japan, Mexico, New Zealand
2-2. South Korea’s TPP Strategy
• 2 ImplicationsAttached utmost priority to negotiations with ChinaExpressed its intention to cautiously study the implications of TPP
membership
• Trade between South Korea – China grew 7.4% from a year earlier to US $250bil, and is expected to exceed US$300bil in 2015 making South Korea the mainland’s 2nd biggest trading partner.
• Korean Won has appreciated against the Japanese Yen to a nearly 5 year high, hurting exports severely.
Political point Economic point
KORUS FTA Transformed from “made in China” model to “made for China”
TPP in the Perspective of Korea3.1. Necessity of Korea to join TPP
3-1. Necessities to participate TPP
• Synergy effects of acting as a “bridge” in mega trade negotiation can be substantial• Chance to improve the market access• Participation in the TPP will:• Strengthen the bargaining leverage
1. Synergy Effect
3-1. Necessities to participate TPP
•Participation in TPP would help achieve both these offensive and defensive goals in Korean Trade Policy.
2. Impact from Japan’s participation in TPPJapan: • Accepted to partake agricultural liberalization & NTB
elimination• Japan’s participation in TPP prompted growing interest
in Korea in the TPP- Possibility of trade & investment diversion- The strong rivalry among Japanese and Korean
enterprises in sectors such as automobiles and electronics
Pros & Cons4.1 Pros for participating TPP4.2 Cons for participating TPP
4-1. Pros
• “Korea’s joining TPP means 3 FTAs with new
trading partners in a single undertaking. It saves
a lot of resources related with negotiations
including political ones”.
• Greater market access (2.5% to 2.6% of GDP)
but also through harmonized trading rules
such as ROO.
4-1. Pros
• The earlier, the better.
• Later it joins, the higher shares of free market
access
• Minimal entrance fee for South Korea
• the negotiated outcome of TPP will be “KORUS
FTA+” at most.
• South Korea can free ride it, saving much
negotiation resources
4-2. Cons
• Potential benefits but the damages will be real and
immediate
• No Major Benefits
• Korea already has FTAs with 9participants of TPP and
has been negotiating FTAs with the rest of 3.
• No major benefits in terms of market access could be
expected
• Weakening international competitiveness
• Automobiles & Machinery industries
• Agricultural industry
4-2. Cons
• The Japan Factor
• TPP could be bilateral FTA with Japan
• Worsen the bilateral imbalance and turn them into
structural imbalance
• Damages to Korea’s industrial bases, most noticeably
to Korea’s SMEs
• The China Factor with RCEP
• a neighbor country with influence on North Korea’s
decision-making
• the TPP may have a negative impact on future FTA
and RCEP negotiations with China.
Conclusion5-1. Policy Suggestion5-2. What Should Korea Do?
Policy Recommendations for the South Korea • Early conclusion of Korea- China FTA• Strengthen South Korea`s bargaining leverage when South
Korea starts to consult with other TPP partner.
• Start of bilateral consultation with TPP members• the faster Korea joins the TPP the smaller the entrance fees
Korea should pay.
Policy Recommendations for the South Korea • Acceleration of the CJK FTA• CJK FTA could be a stepping stone to reach a successful
conclusion of the RCEP negotiations
• Creating a Reduced Form of the RCEP• RCEP, less ambitious than TPP, prospect of development assistance
for adjustment for developing countries with soft commitment • Large countries may be reluctant to respect the central role of ASEAN
in the RCEP • Korea could play a balanced role among China, Japan, and ASEAN
nations
What should Korea Do?
Both need to proceed through due processes,Thus compelling Korea to immediately
and simultaneously embarking on both tracks.
On the domestic front ,It should not hesitate to find
domestic consensus for joining TPP negotiation.
On the international front,Korea should begin consultations with TPP 12 partners for ‘Pre-Nuptial Agreement while pursuing competitive FTA negotiations with Non-TPP partners (CK FTA, CJK FTA or RCEP) with the same intensify and sincerity to its participation in TPP.
Thank youany Questions?