Tourism & SDGs
Tourism and Local Economic DevelopmentEmeritus Professor Harold
Goodwin WTM Responsible Tourism AdvisorDirector Institute of Place
Management atManchester Metropolitan University & Director of
the Responsible Tourism Partnership1
The fundamental question that should be asked is Will our
village, town, city or region be used by tourism or shall we use
tourism to make a better place for us to live in?
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Menu..Tourism
Responsibility
Responsible Tourism
Local Economic Development
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Tourism
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What about putting something back? Take only photographs, leave
only footprints
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Sir Colin Marshall, British Airways 1994
Tourism and the travel industry is essentially the renting out
for short-term lets, of other peoples environments, whether that is
a coastline, a city, a mountain range or a rainforest. These
products must be kept fresh and unsullied not just for the next
day, but for every tomorrow
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Our holidays their homes
Tourism in unusual in that consumers travel to the point of
production (the factory) to consume the product.Opportunities for
additional sales of goods and services:Complementary product
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Culture & TourismYour everyday life is someone elses
adventureSwedish NGO fly-posting in Ljubljana, Summer 1997
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Tourism is a social constructTourism is what we consumers and
producers make it. We can change it.every individual tourist builds
up or destroys human values while travelling.rebellious tourists
and rebellious localsOrders and prohibitions will not do the job
because it is not a bad conscience that we need to make progress
but positive experience, not the feeling of compulsion but that of
responsibility.
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Jost Krippendorf
responsibILIty
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Why Responsible? AccountabilityActions and consequences can be
attributed to individuals or legal entities, who can be held
accountable, and legally they are liable.
Respons-abilityIndividuals and organisations are expected to
respond and to make a difference. This requires partnerships, a
plurality of relationships, learning, praxis, and critical
reflection.
The Ostrich problem Theyll sort something out
Why Responsibility? to respond, to act, responsibility implies
and requires action. critical to creating change is acknowledging
and owning up to problems, and taking responsibility for making
changes.Responsibility is free you can take as much of it as you
can handle
is to take responsibility (actively) is to bear responsibility
(with a negative, burdensome connotation) is to carry
responsibility (more neutral than bearing responsibility) is to
have responsibility (objective fact of having an obligation, e.g.
legally) You really have no sense of responsibility.13
The antonym is IrresponsibleTwo primary meaningsUnreliable,
untrustworthy, unlikely to be held to account or mentally or
financially unfit to be held accountable
Lacking a sense of responsibility, akin to carefreeness the
trait of being without worry or responsibility
Manchester Metropolitan University. Centre for Responsible
Tourism MMU
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"Corporation, n.An ingenious devicefor obtainingindividual
profit without individual responsibility"Ambrose Bierce14
Responsible Tourism An attitude of
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Sustainable and Responsible
Sustainable Tourism and Responsible Tourism are not the same
thingResponsible Tourism is about taking responsibility for
achieving sustainable development through tourism.
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Taking responsibility You cannot outsource responsibility
..Whose responsibility? EveryonesNobodys
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Responsible Travel takes a variety of forms, it is characterised
by travel and tourism whichminimises negative environmental, social
and cultural impacts;generates greater economic benefits for local
people and enhances the wellbeing of host communities, by improving
working conditions and access to the industry;involves local people
in decisions that affect their lives and life chances.Cape Town
Declaration 2002
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Better places for people to live in, better places for people to
visit makes positive contributions to the conservation of natural
and cultural heritage and to the maintenance of the worlds
diversity;provides more enjoyable experiences for tourists through
more meaningful connections with local people, and a greater
understanding of local cultural and environmental issues;provides
access for people with disabilities and socially disadvantaged
people; andis culturally sensitive and engenders respect between
tourists and hosts.
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20Whats in EFM is becoming more important than VFM Experience
for money vs. value for money
We are seeing experience inflation Brits once thought Florida
was a big adventure Now they want to visit Orangutans in Borneo or
dive the Barrier reef
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21Responsible
Responsible tourism
More authentic experiences that create better places to live in
and to visit
Tourism is a cultural process.Memories of a place are jointly
produced by the tourists, the locals and the place the physical
space and the human activity that takes place there.the destination
of the tourist and the inhabited landscape of local culture are
inseparable Ringer (1998)
Local economic development
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Successful tourist destinationsoffer the visitor something
uniquethey create a sense of place, an identity which is different
from their competitors.no two communities are ever exactly the
same
Numbers => yield Seasonality & extending length of
stay
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24Resource Uniqueness Generally, the less unique a destination
or the weaker its sense of place, the harder it will be both to
draw people in and compete in the tourism market place. Indeed, if
every tourism destination offered virtually the same set of
[experiences] tourism would become somewhat meaningless.Godfrey
& Clarke The Tourism Development Handbook
25Destinations are cultural landscapes
A place has a topography, buildings and managed land it also
embodies meanings. Residents and visitors find meaning in the
experience. Memories are co-created by locals and guests, by
residents and visitors.
www.haroldgoodwin.info26
www.haroldgoodwin.info27
Stories & Meaning
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success = Competitive advantage + Sustainability
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Local Economic Development Extent of linkages to the local
economy the more the better.Who benefits? Community, local elite,
national elite, source market businesses
Tourism as an additional livelihood strategy?Dangers of
dependency? www.haroldgoodwin.info31
It is not tourism until it is soldTransport to and in the
destinationAccommodationFood and drinkAttractions Crafts,
souvenirsPurchased locally, mail order or in city shops.
OwnershipSupplementary livelihoodEmployment local?Tourism
services local?Young people
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Eat the viewImprove the market for products which:come from
forms of land management which enhance or protect an areas
distinctive landscape, wildlife, and historic features and which
help conserve soil and water resourcesstrengthen the sense of place
of the area in which they are produced and in doing so provide an
opportunity for the farmer to add value to the productConsumer
awareness of the linkIncrease demand for distinctive local
productsEnhance market opportunities
www.haroldgoodwin.info33
http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/file/12800433
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Shoreditch
Tanzanian Fair Trade coffee sold in Dutch supermarkets
Overtourism
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