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explains various motivational theories, the limitations of modern HR practices and guidelines for an optimal HR policies
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Motivation and Organisations
-B.V.Raghunandan, SVS College, Bantwal
Alva’s College’
Moodbidre
August 19,2010
What it is…….
• The forces that instigate or incite a person or a group of persons to carry out an act or to indulge in an endeavor
• The process whereby the people in an institution are driven to achieve the objectives of the organisation
Complexities arise due to…..
• Complexities of human mind
• Loose system of administration
• Inadequate monitoring
• Inept handling of issues
• Favouritism
• Incompetent leadership
• Lack of vision for the organisation
Importance of Motivation Study
• Excellence in performance
• Quality in work place• Higher productivity• Understanding people• New frontiers in
technology• Development of skills
Theories of Motivation• Classical Theories
• Modern Theories
Classical Theories
• F.W.Taylor’s Scientific Management
• Elton Mayo’s
Human Relations
Model
Modern Theories
• Maslow’s ‘need hierarchy’ theory
• Herzberg’s ‘Two Factor’ Theory
• McClelland's ‘Achievement’ Theory
• Alderfer’s ‘ERG’ Theory
• Murray’s ‘manifest needs’ Theory
Abraham Maslow• Born in 1908 in New
York and died in 1970• Did Ph.D in psychology
in 1934 in Wisconsin University
• Based on that, studied the behaviour of rhesus monkeys
• Published, ‘Motivation and Personality’ in 1954-Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow’s Need Hierarchy
• Physiological needs
• Safety
• Social Needs
• Esteem
• Self-actualisation
Frederick Irving Herzberg• 1923-2000• American
Psychologist• Published in 1968,
‘One More Time, How Do You Motivate Employees?’
-studied in City College of New York
-worked in University of Utah
Herzberg’s TWO Factors
Motivators/Satisfaction
• Achievement
• Recognition
• Work itself
• Responsibility
• Promotion
• Growth
Hygiene/Dissatisfaction
• Pay & Benefits• Co. Policy & Admn• Relationship with co-
workers• Supervision• Status• Job Security• Working conditions• Personal life
McClelland's ‘Achievements’ Theory
• Doing the impossible
• Task likely to receive the appreciation of many
• Money, power, and recognition
• Self-esteem and self-actualisation
• The objective may be only a zero beyond the acievement
Clay Alderfer
• Grew up in Bethleham, Pennsylvania
• Senior faculty at Yale University
• Research in human needs in organisation
• Inter-group relations theory
Alderfer’s ERG Theory
• Existence
• Relatedness
• Growth
Strategies for Motivation
• Theories are silent
• Religions like Zoarashtrianism preaches treating employees as members of one’s own family
• Zen Buddhism
• Treating them as equals
• Calling for suggestions
• Offering life-time employment as Japanese do
Modern HR Practices
• Look at the employees doubtfully
• Consider them as the machines of production
• Hypocritical statements of equality
• Mainly aim at extracting the maximum work
• Regard the employees as expendable and replaceable
Basic Defects of HR Practices• Relying heavily on western practices
• Social Qualities are not developed
• Too much orientation towards machines and technology
• No attempt to develop normalcy in individuals
• Institutional loyalty is ignored
• Passion, Spiritualism and Selflessness not stressed upon
The Best Strategy
• Treat him for what he is
i.e., a human being
THANK YOU