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Networked Governance and Social Innovation
Dr Chris [email protected]
The ContinuousImprovement Practice™Many small advantages make many large ones
April 10, 2023
Toffler’s Third Wave
Agriculture
Industry
Information
LAND
CAPITAL
KNOWLEDGE
Size of
Economy
Time
2
1970The ContinuousImprovement Practice™Many small advantages make many large ones
The Big Society
Public
Voluntary
Private
Business
Citizen
Community
The ContinuousImprovement Practice™Many small advantages make many large ones
04/10/2023 4
Social Innovations of the Industrial Society
• Limited Liability Company• Co-op, Mutuals, Friendly societies, Building societies• Trade Unions• Schools, Libraries, Museums, Modern University• Police, Fire Services• NHS• Local Authorities• ….
The ContinuousImprovement Practice™Many small advantages make many large ones
Friendly Societies
• Mutual, Fraternal, Benevolent Societies• 1793, Friendly Societies Act• Provided finance,insurance, welfare, health
services to members• Some organised on religious lines• Affiliations between bodies• Credit Unions
The ContinuousImprovement Practice™Many small advantages make many large ones
Building Societies
• 1774, Birmingham Building Society• Terminating Building Societies• Permanent Building Societies• 1874, Building Societies Act• ‘000s of Local Societies at peak• BSA• Mergers• 1980s, DemutualisationHome Ownership promoted by Private not-for-profit sector with Tax incentives
The ContinuousImprovement Practice™Many small advantages make many large ones
Co-operative Movement
• 1498, Aberdeen “Shore Porter’s Society”• 1761, Fenwick Weavers : first consumer co-
operative• Robert Owen• William King• 1844, Rochdale Pioneers• CRS/CWS/Co-op
The ContinuousImprovement Practice™Many small advantages make many large ones
04/10/2023 8
Social Innovations of the Information Society
• Post Office• BBC• BT• OU• ….
The ContinuousImprovement Practice™Many small advantages make many large ones
Some Important Learning
• 1850, Public Library Act• 1870, Forster Education Act• 1840s, Railway Mania• Canals, Telegraph...• LSE was a mutual till 2001• BPSL(ex-BACS) still is
New Organisational forms with new funding mechanismsMarkets better at exploiting infrastructure than building itNeed for “Patient Capital”: Bonds
The ContinuousImprovement Practice™Many small advantages make many large ones
The Vertically-integrated Organisation
CEO
Staff
Finance Personnel
Ops
CustomerService
The ContinuousImprovement Practice™Many small advantages make many large ones
Beyond the “vertically-integrated organisation”
• Supply-chain integration, JIT, Re-engineering
• Outsourcing– Property– Catering– HR and Finance– Security– IT
• Shared Services• Partnerships
• Joined-up Government
The ContinuousImprovement Practice™Many small advantages make many large ones
Outsourcing
• Benefits
Specialist ProvidersEconomies of Scale
• Problems
Contractual inflexibilityHollowed-out
communities
The ContinuousImprovement Practice™Many small advantages make many large ones
April 10, 2023
MIT90s paradigm
The
Organisation
External environment
Management
Processes Strategy
Organisation
Design
IT
People and
Roles
13The ContinuousImprovement Practice™Many small advantages make many large ones
April 10, 2023
MIT90s paradigm
The
Organisation
External environment
Management
Processes Strategy
Organisation
Design
IT
People and
Roles
Organisational
Culture
14The ContinuousImprovement Practice™Many small advantages make many large ones
ICT and Organisational Design
• Divide Organisation into operational units
• Build in co-ordinating mechanisms
• Automate Processes• Provide information to
management
The ContinuousImprovement Practice™Many small advantages make many large ones
Shamrock Organisation
Customer
CoreOrganisation
Contracted Fringe
Part-timeHelp
Source: Charles HandyThe ContinuousImprovement Practice™Many small advantages make many large ones
Shamrock Organisation
Customer
CoreOrganisation
Contracted Fringe
Part-timeHelp
Source: Charles Handy
Integrator/Prime Contractor
Economies of Scale
Peaks and TroughsSelf-
Service
The ContinuousImprovement Practice™Many small advantages make many large ones
Organisational Ethos
• Early 20th Century
Organisations charge for doing something for a citizen, community or customer
• Early 21st Century
Organisations charge for helping a citizen, community or customer to do something for themselves
The ContinuousImprovement Practice™Many small advantages make many large ones
04/10/2023 20
New Wave
• Amazon• eBay• Skype• Facebook• Google• …
• Social Enterprise• Community Interest
companies
The ContinuousImprovement Practice™Many small advantages make many large ones
Cloud Computing
April 10, 2023 21The ContinuousImprovement Practice™Many small advantages make many large ones
Web 2.0 and Broadband
• A New Utility• Open standards, technology and data• “Mash-ups”• Inter-organisational systems• Anytime, anywhere on any device• Location-based• Crowd-sourcing/Social NetworkingEconomies of Scope and Reach
The ContinuousImprovement Practice™Many small advantages make many large ones
Community Sourcing
Council Services
BusinessStart-up
Accounting
LEP
Legal
Recruitment
Property
AccountingAccounting
Legal
RecruitmentRecruitment
Property
Local Employer
SocialEnterpriseThe ContinuousImprovement Practice™
Many small advantages make many large ones
Minority Languages
Council Services
SomaliCommunity
PrivateServices
Voluntary ServicesCommunity
Site
FE College
EFL/ESOL
The ContinuousImprovement Practice™Many small advantages make many large ones
Diabetes-Public Health
Council Services
PakistaniCommunity
NHS
Voluntary Services
Community Site
Blackbird Leys
Community Site
The ContinuousImprovement Practice™Many small advantages make many large ones
Alzheimer's Support
Adult Social Care
Carers
NHS
Voluntary ServicesCommunity
Site
Patient
Community Site
The ContinuousImprovement Practice™Many small advantages make many large ones
Housing Association
Council Services
Tenants
Accounting
Housing Association
Legal
Recruitment
Property
AccountingDecorator
Electrician
RecruitmentPlumber
The ContinuousImprovement Practice™Many small advantages make many large ones
In Conclusion
• Economies of scale and scope• From bureaucracy to ad-hocracy• Self-service society• What Powers do Local authorities have now?• What Powers do they need?• Community sourcing• Localism
The ContinuousImprovement Practice™Many small advantages make many large ones