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Topic

Progress of Pakistan in Human Capital Formation

What is human capital

Human capital is the stock of competencies, knowledge,

social and personality attributes, including creativity,

embodied in the ability to perform labor so as to produce

economic value.

Human capital Development

Human capital development is the act of increasing the

productive qualities of labor force by providing more

education and by increasing skill, health and nutrition level.

If the people of a country are well educated, well nourished,

skilled and healthy that will be said to have more human

capital.

Sources of Human Capital

Education Health On-the-Job-Training Migration Information

Education:

when a person is educated he gathers the ability to produce more and income will raise. The labor skill of educated person is more than the labor skills of an uneducated person.

Health: A healthy person can contribute more and be regular than a sick person.

On the job training On the job training-the worker is trained in his job itself to make him more skillful. They are sent for of campus training.

Migration

people migrate from place to place to present their talent or qualification and for getting a suitable work.

Information:

people wants to gather information about labor market. The information’s are provided though televisions, newspaper etc.

Human Capital Formation

It requires that the people must be educated and skilled .

In order to become more efficient and productive people should be trained , skilled and professionally qualified .

Establishment Period.

After the establishment of Pakistan in 1947, the government gave its attention to human and physical capital in Pakistan. But they had not launch any proper plan. But in 1970 Zulifqar Ali Bhutto’s reign was Beneficial for Pakistan’ economy.

Export of Labors To Gulf

In Pakistan there were less chances of employment and almost 60% labors were unemployed.In the reign of Zulifqar Ali Bhutto, he exported a huge amount of labor (Surplus labor) to developed countries especially to the Gulf region in 1970.

Labor Reforms

Comprehensive labor reforms were introduced by the Government of Bhutto in July 1972 and further elaborated and enlarged in August 1972.These Reforms were:  Rights of freedom  Assurance of greater security of

service  Free education for children and

housing and medical facilities.

Educational sector

Zulifqar Ali Bhutto Paid attention on secondary education. He open many New Schools.

On 15 March 1972, the New Education Reforms were announced in Bhutto’s reign.

 Under this scheme all educational institutions are to be nationalized.

 So far about 400 colleges and several schools have been nationalized in the provinces of Sind and the Punjab.

National Education Policy

The National Education Policy 1992 - 2002 recognized the fundamental right of every Pakistani child to get education. It was made compulsory and free to achieve universal enrollment by the end of the decade.

National Literacy Movement

The National Literacy Movement was formulated in 1998 on the basis of formal and informal education. This plan was from1998-2010.

Labor Force.

Contribution of labor

Education

Education improves upon the level of understanding.

It increases the capacity and mental efficiency of people to produce more.

Technical education develops the efficiency among the laborers to use highly advanced techniques of production.

Age distribution of population of Pakistan

Youth (15-29)years education profile

Education

The illiteracy level among Pakistan's youth at around 30 % is the highest in the region.

Hardly 16.3 % of the youth cohort completes secondary education

More than three-quarters exit the educational system without any foundational or life skills.

Less than 6 % of the youth population has been reported to have acquired any technical skills through Technical and Vocational Education and Training

Only 2.5 % have reported On-Job-Trainings.

Health

Health makes a man more efficient and therefore more productive his contribution to the production process tends to rise. He adds more to GDP of the nation then a sick person.

Health standard

Health

One doctor is for 326 patient One nurse is for 662 patient 39% of woman do not receive any pre

natal care 61% of woman do not have access to

skilled birth attendants 94 out of 1,000 children in Pakistan die

before they turn five.

Hurdles in Human capital Advancement:

Child labor No proper counseling of career

selection Corruption in almost all projects related

to human capital progress Jobs only on reference basis No Proper on job training

Women Empowerment Women empowerment is the ability of

women to recognize their rights. Women empowerment can play very

effective role in socio-economic development.

Now Women’s comprises 70 seats of National Assembly out of 342.

Current Government Actions for human Capital formation:

Currently the Government of Pakistan paying attention for the progress of human capital formation and launching few programs like:

Punjab/ Primer minister youth internship program Youth loan Schemes Skill Development program. Yellow cab etc. National Vocational & Technical Training Fee Reimbursement Scheme for Students

from Less Developed Areas:

Thank You