EconomicsTopic: Hazards of High Population

Created By

Dipanway Bhabuk

DM14D15

CORE MARKETING

WHAT IS OVER POPULATION?

Human overpopulation occurs if the number of people in a group exceeds the carrying capacity of a

region occupied by that group. Overpopulation can further be viewed, in a long term perspective, as

existing when a population cannot be maintained without the rapid depletion of non-renewable

resources or without the degradation of the capacity of the environment to give support to the population.

Current population of the world- 7.125 billion (2013)

1.252 billion

Total Male Population in India 2012

628,800,000 (628.8 million)

Total Female Population in India 2012

591,400,000 (591.4 million)

Total Population in INDIA

Source: www.prb.org

Urban vs Rural

833.5 million persons live in rural areas as per Census 2011, which was more than two-third of the total population,

377.1 million persons live in urban areas.

Urban proportion has gone up from 17.3 per cent in 1951 to 31.2 per cent in 2011.

Causes of over population

The two main common causes leading to over population are:

The birth rate is still higher than the death rate. We have been successful in declining the death

rates but the same cannot be said for birth rates.

The fertility rate due to the population policies and other measures has been falling but even

then it is much higher.

EFFECT OF RAPID POPULATION GROWTH

• Unemployment: Generating employment for a huge population in a country like India is very

difficult. The number of illiterate persons increases every year. Unemployment rate is thus showing

an increasing trend.

• Manpower utilization: The number of jobless people is on the rise in India due to economic

depression and slow business development and expansion activities.

• Pressure on infrastructure: Development of infrastructural facilities is unfortunately not keeping

pace with the growth of population. The result is lack of transportation, communication, housing,

education, healthcare etc. There has been an increase in the number of slums, overcrowded houses,

traffic congestion etc.

• Low GDP: If there are too many people compared to a country's economic capacity, the country will

experience low GDP per capita. It will probably have poor human resources (lack of education) and

will have low productivity.

• Resource utilization: Land areas, water resources, forests are over exploited. There is also

scarcity of resources.

• Decreased production and increased costs: Food production and distribution have not been

able to catch up with the increasing population and hence the costs of production have

increased. Inflation is the major consequence of over population.

• Inequitable income distribution: In the face of an increasing population, there is an unequal

distribution of income and inequalities within the country widen.

• Shortage of food: One of the main economic problems for any country with an overpopulation

problem is the shortage of food, minerals, fuel and other resources. This applies particularly to

third world countries where harvest failure and famine are frequent.

Contd….

How to control over population?

• Controlling the growth of population, by adopting family planning and making people educated

about the ill effects of the over population.

• The mid-term objectives are outlined as aimed at bringing the total fertility to replacement levels ⎯two children per couple.

• Strict enforcement of Child Marriage Restraint Act

• Rewards for couples below poverty line, who marry after legal age, have first child after the mother

reaches 21, accept small family norm and undergo sterilization after birth of two children.

• Controlling Illiteracy rate

THANK YOU

Presented By

Dipanway Bhabuk

DM14D15

CORE MARKETING