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Chapter 9 - Section 1Chapter 9 - Section 1
1. Who was the first “President of the United
States”?
George WashingtonGeorge Washington
1789 - 1797 Served 2 terms as President
Chose not to run for a 3rd term
1789 - 1797 Served 2 terms as President
Chose not to run for a 3rd term
2. What departments made
up the first “Executive Branch”?
Department of StateDepartment of State
Responsible for foreign affairs.
First “secretary” was Thomas Jefferson
Responsible for foreign affairs.
First “secretary” was Thomas Jefferson
Department of the Treasury
Department of the Treasury
Responsible for the nation’s treasury and economics.
First “secretary” was Alexander Hamilton
Responsible for the nation’s treasury and economics.
First “secretary” was Alexander Hamilton
Washington’s First “Cabinet”
Washington’s First “Cabinet”
3. How did the Judiciary Act of 1789 set up the nation’s first
“Judicial Branch”?
Judiciary Act of 1789Judiciary Act of 1789
The Supreme Court would consist of one Chief Justice and five Associate Justices
Set up a system of lower courts
Lower court decisions could be appealed to the Supreme Court
The Supreme Court would consist of one Chief Justice and five Associate Justices
Set up a system of lower courts
Lower court decisions could be appealed to the Supreme Court
4. How did Alexander Hamilton propose reducing
the nation’s debt?
National DebtNational Debt
$4,269,000 - Amount of money needed to run the government from 1789-1791.
$77,228,000 - Amount of money the U.S. owed for war debts from the Revolutionary War.
Total Debt = $81,497,000 $4,419,000 - Income of the government from 1789-1791.
$4,269,000 - Amount of money needed to run the government from 1789-1791.
$77,228,000 - Amount of money the U.S. owed for war debts from the Revolutionary War.
Total Debt = $81,497,000 $4,419,000 - Income of the government from 1789-1791.
Hamilton’s PlanHamilton’s Plan
U.S. would pay off all state and federal debts by buying back all bonds.
U.S. would issue new bonds.
Bankers and investors liked this plan :)
U.S. would pay off all state and federal debts by buying back all bonds.
U.S. would issue new bonds.
Bankers and investors liked this plan :)
5. Why did many people not like Hamilton’s plan?
The plan would reward “speculators”.
Many had sold these bonds to others for 10-15% of their original worth because they needed money.
Most of the southern states had already paid off their debt.
As a compromise to the Southern states, Congress agreed to build a new capital along the Potomac River near VA and MD - Washington, D.C.
The plan would reward “speculators”.
Many had sold these bonds to others for 10-15% of their original worth because they needed money.
Most of the southern states had already paid off their debt.
As a compromise to the Southern states, Congress agreed to build a new capital along the Potomac River near VA and MD - Washington, D.C.
6. What other economic
challenges did Hamilton face as the Secretary of the Treasury?
First Bank of the United States
First Bank of the United States
Tax money deposited here.
Paper money issued to pay bills and make loans.
Encouraged economic growth.
Tax money deposited here.
Paper money issued to pay bills and make loans.
Encouraged economic growth.
Congress passes Tariffs
Congress passes Tariffs
Taxes on foreign goods brought into the country.
Would make foreign goods more expensive.
Would help local manufacturers.
Taxes on foreign goods brought into the country.
Would make foreign goods more expensive.
Would help local manufacturers.
North vs. SouthNorth vs. South
Northern states had more factories so they relied on fewer foreign goods.
Southern farmers bought many foreign goods.
Which groups do you think would support a high tariff (tax)? Why?
Northern states had more factories so they relied on fewer foreign goods.
Southern farmers bought many foreign goods.
Which groups do you think would support a high tariff (tax)? Why?
7. What situation led to a rebellion of corn farmers?
Hamilton issued a tax on all liquor made and sold in the U.S.
Corn was hard to transport so that it could be sold.
Farmers converted the corn to whiskey which was much easier to transport in barrels.
Hamilton issued a tax on all liquor made and sold in the U.S.
Corn was hard to transport so that it could be sold.
Farmers converted the corn to whiskey which was much easier to transport in barrels.
Farmers Refused to PayFarmers Refused to Pay