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Financial ratios to analyze stocks4
Every day, you see the Sensex rise or fall hundreds of points. This fluctuation may worry many
investors. In such turbulent times, it is important to select quality stocks. That way, you can be rest
assured through the temporary ups and downs; your stock’s future is secure.
So how do you select quality stocks? Simple – choose a company that is expected to grow over the
next decade or so. This can be done by looking at four key financial ratios.
Profitability Ratios: Nothing matters more to an investor than a company’s profits. But you often
need to go beyond the final profit numbers to gauge the actual profitability. It can so happen that a
company posts great profits for a short term, but is unable to do so consistently. This means its
business model is not profitable. Some common profitability ratios are Profit Margins, Return on
Equity (RoE), Return on Investments (RoI), Return on Assets (RoA), and so on.
#1
Operational Efficiency Ratios: A company’s profit depends on two factors – revenue and cost. It is
important that companies minimize cost as much as possible to maximize profits. When a company
does this, it is being efficient. There are many financial ratios which gauge this operational
efficiency by comparing various costs with revenue and profits or understanding the time taken to
produce goods or sell ready products. Some even measure the time taken by clients to pay money
or the payment cycle for suppliers. These need to be looked at together. One single ratio cannot
give the whole picture. Efficiency ratios include the Operating Expense Ratio, Inventory Turnover,
Accounts Receivable Turnover, Total Asset Turnover and Accounts Payable Turnover.
#2
Liquidity Ratios: Companies buy supplies, use them to produce goods, distribute it in the market,
and sell to customers. This process often takes long. So, the company does not pay suppliers
immediately. Similar, revenue too does not stream in immediately after sales. If the two payment
cycles do not match, the company could have a cash crunch. It may then have to borrow
unnecessarily, eating profits. Moreover, such a business model may not be sustainable in the long
run. Liquidity Ratios like Working Capital, Quick and Current Ratios, etc, help in this regard—they
measure how much cash the company has on a regular basis.
#3
Leverage Ratios: A certain amount of debt is necessary for every company—it can often signify
growth and expansion. However, too much debt is bad news. It can be the death of a company. This
is why it is important to understand debt. Leverage Ratios helps measure how much a company is
borrowing and if it will be able to repay it. Inability to repay means high risk. Some common ratios
are the Debt to Equity and the Interest Coverage ratio.
#4
1. Simple Investing Ratios You Need To Know
2. Return
ratios continue to fall for Indian firms, shrinking gap with rest of the
world
IMPORTANT LINKS:
33.86%Another important metric is the Return on Capital Employed. It indicates the efficient use of funds
for operations. In the last decade, RoCE for the 319 non-finance companies out of the BSE 500 hit
a peak of 33.86% in FY07, according to a Livemint report. Since then, it has continually fallen. This
year, it is expected to stand at 14.81%. This shows companies are unable to use capital funds
efficiently as demand remains poor, and cost of funds is high.
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