Year 10 Biology

Revision

Unit 1 in an Hour!

Label each part of

the animal and

plant cells and

describe its

function.

Extra – Describe how you would use a

light microscope to make a slide of an

animal and plant cell.

Describe some specialised cells.

Extra: Define each of the terms above and

give examples

Label each picture using the words below:

Organ organ system tissue cell

• Give examples of diffusion in/out of cells?

• Extra: Describe the experiment that shows diffusion

of iodine into Visking tubing filled with starch.

Draw molecules

in the boxes

before and after

diffusion!

Osmosis is the movement of w_______ molecules from a h_____

concentration to a l____ concentration across a s_________ permeable

membrane.

Draw arrows to show the direction of osmosis in the first diagram.

Extra: Explain why the water level went up.

Higher Tier: What is active transport? How is it different to diffusion?

EnzymesEnzymes are b_________ c_________ (increase the rate of c_______

r_______ in living things). Enzymes are made from p_________.

Enzymes are s______ to the substrate/reactant they break down.

•Are sensitive to p_ levels and t___________

Denatured means …

The l___ and k__ model explains how enzymes work.

Extra: complete the blanks below the pictures.

+ ↔ +↔

E_____

S_______+

E_____-s_______

complex↔

P_______

enzyme

+↔

Aerobic Respiration

•Takes place in a_____ and p_____ cells.

•Carried out by the m__________.

Energy needed for:

•

•

•

G______ + O_____ C_____ d____ + W____

Anaerobic Respiration•Takes place where no o_______ is present.

•Takes place in M______ cells during

vigorous exercise

Glucose L____ A___

Anaerobic Respiration

produces ____ energy

than Aerobic Respiration!

Extra: How does lactic acid affect

muscles?

The Effects of Exercise

Heart rate

Breathing rate

More O______ and G_______

supplied to muscles

Increase in R________ rate

More E_____ for muscle

contraction.

More _____ removed Glycogen

Stored g_____ found

in muscles

Extra: What is Oxygen Debt

Amount of o_____ needed to

breakdown l_____ a___, formed

during a_______ respiration.

The Respiratory System

Identify the following on the diagram:

Trachea

Bronchi

Bronchioles

Alveoli

Ribs

Diaphragm

Intercostal muscles

• Which gases move in and out of the

alveoli?

• How is the air we breathe in different

to the air we breathe out?

Extra: Where have these gases come

from? How do they move into and out of

the alveoli?

Describe how the movement of the diaphragm and the ribs help us

breathe in (inspiration) and out (expiration).

The effects of smokingSmoking brings 3 substances into the body:

N which is addictive

C M which reduces the amount of oxygen carried by blood

T which causes lung cancer

Explain the effect of cigarette smoke on the cilia in your trachea.

Extra: name

some diseases

caused by

cigarette

smoke and

their effects.

The Digestive System• Label each

part and

summarise

the job of

each!

• What is

digestion?

Extra: Where does mechanical digestion take place and

where does chemical digestion take place?

If the a chemical ends with ....ase, then it is an enzyme.

G

G + F A

Extra: Why do we need bile?

Nutrients in food

What is a balanced diet?

For a balanced diet we need:

• C

• P

• F

• V

• M

• F

• W

Use the picture to identify foods containing each nutrient and

describe why we need them.

Extra: What problems can be caused by too much

fat, sugar and salt?

Describe the experiment to find out the energy

content of food.

Describe the tests for starch, sugars and

proteins!

Photosynthesis

W____ + C____ D____ G_____ + O_____

From roots/soil From air through stomata Released into air

Stored as starch

Sunlight

chlorophyll

Chlorophyll

• G_____ pigment

• Found in c________

• Absorbs l_____ energy

Don’t forget that plants

also carry out respiration to

release energy.

Extra: Describe what plants use glucose made in

photosynthesis for.

Factors Affecting PhotosynthesisAs factor rises, so does the rate of photosynthesis

T__________- Above 45oC, enzymes d_________C_____ d______L____ intensity

All of these, at a particular time, may be the limiting factor.

A

B

At A ____________ is

the limiting factor

because…

At B __________ is

the limiting factor

because…

Extra: sketch the

graph for the rate of

photosynthesis with

temperature.

Investigating Photosynthesis

Describe the steps you

would do to test a leaf for

starch.

• Put in boiling water to …

• Use alcohol to …

• Wash in hot water to ...

• Put iodine on to …

How can this experiment show that

plants need light for photosynthesis?

Extra: How can the

use of sodium

hydroxide show

plants need carbon

dioxide for

photosynthesis?

Circulatory system Label the

following in the

picture: right

atrium, left atrium,

left ventricle, right

ventricle, vena

cava, aorta,

pulmonary vein,

pulmonary artery

• Why do we need valves in the heart?

• Why is the left ventricle wall thicker than

the right?

• Which vessels are the arteries and which

are the veins?

• What do the blue and red colour tell us?

Extra: Why is it described as a double

circulation?

Circulatory system

Match the parts of blood with their function and identify on the

picture:

Red blood cell fight disease

White blood cell help blood clot

Platelets carries gases and soluble nutrients

Plasma carry oxygen

Extra: What are the risk factors for cardiovascular disease?

• How do substances carried

in blood pass into cells?

• How is the structure of

capillaries adapted for

this?

Food chains, webs, pyramids and

energy flow

From the food web below:

• Write 3 food chains.

• What do the arrows tell us.

• Name a producer and consumer.

• If all of the frogs died, what would

happen to the number of ants? Mice?

Why?

Look at the picture above:

• What do the boxes tell us about the

number of each organism.

• Why is the bottom box so small?

Extra:

How can you tell this a pyramid of

numbers?

Energy Transfers

The cow eats 100kJ of energy in the form of grass.

63kJ is lost in faeces, urine and gas and 4kJ is converted to body cells,

available to the next consumer in the food chain (us!).

• How much is lost in respiration?

• How is it lost?

Higher Tier: Work out the efficiency of this energy transfer.

Extra:

Why do green plants only

capture a small percentage

of solar energy?

Fertilisers and pesticides

Farmers increase the amount of crops they produce by using fertilisers and

pesticides.

A fertiliser adds minerals to help plants to g________.

Pesticides kill p______ that might harm the crop, like i______ such as aphids.

Fertilisers can be washed into rivers.

Describe what could happen and why.Pesticides can build up in animal’s bodies

and reach toxic levels. This is called

b______________.

Extra: What problems can this cause?

Some people think that

intensive farming is cruel.

Think of a reason for and a

reason against battery

farming.

Indicator species and intensive farming

Some organisms can tell us if there is pollution

in the air or water. We call these indicator

species.

L________ tell us if there is a high level of

s_______ d_______ in the air.

Extra: Where does this gas come from?

Water i__________ tell us if there is water

pollution caused by changes in p_ or o______

levels.

Extra: What could cause this change?

Useful tips

•Read all of the question carefully before you start answering.

•Answer every question, even if you only guess.

•Do not write “don’t know” or “wasn’t here when we did this”- it will not get you any marks!

•When you have finished. Check through your work. Reading it carefully! This will be the last time you have a chance to!

•If there is a calculation, show your working out!

RELAX!!!

GOOD LUCK!

What exam.?!