Athens, 15th December 2015
Overview of the AIRUSE LIFE+ project
Xavier Querol, IDAEA-CSIC
Athens, 15th December 2015
MEAN PM10 & PM2.5 LEVELS IN EUROPE
Eeftens et al. (2012) Atmospheric Environment
ESCAPE
Athens, 15th December 2015
PARTICULATE MATTER IN URBAN AREAS OF SOUTHERN EUROPE
Athens, 15th December 2015
PARTICULATE MATTER AND HEALTH EFFECTS IN BARCELONA Perez et al., 2009 ES&T
Selected results
Fraction Respiratory mortality
(Lag2)
Cardiovascular
mortality
(Lag1)
Cerebrovascular
mortality
(Lag1)
PM10-2.5
1.033
(0.980-1.089)
1.059
(1.026-1.094)
1.098
(1.030-1.171)
PM2.5-1
1.206
(1.028-1.416)
0.984
(0.892-1.086)
0.905
(0.743-1.102)
PM1
1.010
(0.963-1.059)
1.028
(1.000-1.058)
1.063
(1.004-1.124)
Odds ratio per 10 ug/m3
Athens, 15th December 2015
PM10 daily limit value 2012 BaP target annual value, 2012
30/11/2015
Athens, 15th December 2015
TRENDS ON NUMBER OF AQ ZONES WITH PM10 ALV DLV EXCEEDANCES
Zones exceeding the LVs Zones between the LVs and the LV+MoT Zones <LVs excluding African dust
Zones <LVs Non evaluated
Num
ber
of sta
tions
PM10 DAILY LIMIT VALUE PM10 ANNUAL LIMIT VALUE
Athens, 15th December 2015
BaP 2013, Catalonia, NE Spain
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
06/2008 06/2009 06/2010 06/2011 06/2012 06/2013 06/2014
ng
/m
3
Manlleu, BaP
Athens, 15th December 2015
• Characterizing similarities & differences in PM sources & contributions across S-EU (5 cities) • Once the main sources of PM10 and PM2.5 are identified, the strategic goal of the AIRUSE
project is to develop, test and propose specific and non specific measures to abate urban ambient air PM in S.-EU, to meet AQ standards & to approach WHO guidelines.
THE AIRUSE PROJECT AIMS
Specific PM mitigation measures • Street washing & dust suppressants for road dust and deposited African dust • Biomass burning • Industrial emissions (channelled and fugitive) • Strategies from other European countries (LEZ, eco-efficient vehicles, labelling, shipping, biomass
burning…)
Athens, 15th December 2015
ACTION A. Preparatory actions
ACTION B. Implementation actions
A.1 Authorities and stakeholders consultation
B1. Documentation of the current status
B2. Harmonization and implementation of source apportionment using receptor modelling & determination of the impact of:
B7. Developing & testing cost-effective PM measures & strategies
B8. Applicability of selected measures from N to S Europe
B3. Natural sources B4. Biomass burning
B5. Industrial sources B6. Traffic related sources
ACTION C. Implementation actions C1. Effectiveness of the project actions
C2. Assessment of the socio-economic impact
AIRUSE STRUCTURE: ACTIONS & TASKS (1/2)
Intensive additional work on inventories, emission chemical profiles, emission factors
Athens, 15th December 2015
AIRUSE STRUCTURE: ACTIONS & TASKS (2/2)
ACTION D. Communication & Dissemination actions
ACTION E. Project management & monitoring of the project progress
D1. Project website
D2. LIFE+ Information boards
D3. Networking-Open forum with key stakeholders D4. Dissemination of project results
D5. Layman's Report
E1. Project Management & Audit
E2. Monitoring of the project progress
E3. Networking with other projects
E4. After-LIFE+ Plan
Athens, 15th December 2015
Coordinating Beneficiary Project Manager
Spain
Associated Beneficiaries
Leader B5 D5 Spain
Leader B8 UK
Leader B3 D2 Greece
Leader B4 Portugal
Milan Italy
AIRUSE MANAGING STRUCTURE
Leader B2 Italy
Athens, 15th December 2015
ACTIONS B1 & B2
X. Querol1, A. Karanasiou1, F. Amato1, C. Vasconcelos1, A. Alastuey1, M. Viana1, T. Moreno1, F. Plana1, N. Perez1, M. Cabañas1, R. Bartoli1, S. Martinez1, M. Sosa1,
F. Lucarelli2, S. Nava2, G. Calzolai2, R. Udisti2, S. Becagli2, R. Traversi2, M. Severi2, S. Borselli2, C. Alves3, C. Pio3, T. Nunes3, L. Tarelho3, M. Duarte3, M. Cerqueira3, E. Vicente3, D. Custódio3, H. Pinto3,
E. Montfort4, I.Celades4, A. Escrig4, V. Sanfelix4, S. Gomar4, M. Padilla4, L. Ortiz4, B. Ferrer4, Y. Reig4, K. Eleftheriadis5, L. Diapouli5, S. Vratolis5, M. Gini5, E. Bairaktari5, S. Dalaina5, V. Galifianakis5,
V.L. Gianelle6, C. Colombi6
1 2 3 4 5 6
Athens, 15th December 2015
B1: AQ TRENDS SPAIN 2001-2012
Querol et al., 2014. Science of Total Environment
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
µg
/m3
SO2
Traffic Urban backgraound Industrial
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
µg
/m3
Mean Sav, Nie, Peñ Bar, CdC, Viz, Cam, Tor, Zar
Regional Background(EMEP)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
µg
/m3
NO2
Traffic Urban backgraound Industrial
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
7,0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
µg
/m3
Media CdC, Viz,Tor, Sav, Nie Bar, Cam, Zar, Peñ
Regional Background(EMEP)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
µg
/m3
NOx
Traffic Urban backgraound Industrial
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
7,0
8,0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
µg
/m3
NOx
Media CdC, Viz,Tor, Sav, Nie Bar, Cam, Zar, Peñ
0.0E+0
2.0E+5
4.0E+5
6.0E+5
8.0E+5
1.0E+6
1.2E+6
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
SO2 (Mg)
Industrial processes with combustion
Power generation and transformation
Other transport and mobile machinery
Mg
SO2 National Emissions
0E+0
1E+5
2E+5
3E+5
4E+5
5E+5
6E+5
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
NOx (Mg)
Industrial processes with combustion
Power generation and transformation
Other transport and mobile machinery
Road transport
Mg
NOx National Emissions
Viznar
Barcarrota
Peñausende
Niembro
O Sabiñao
Campisábalos
Zarra
El Torms
Cabo de Creus
Avilés
Oviedo
A Coruña
Vigo
Gijón
Valladolid
Madrid
BilbaoPamplona
Granada
Córdoba
SevillaMurcia
Alicante
Zaragoza
ValenciaP. Mallorca
Barcelona
L’Hospitalet
Las PalmasSanta Cruz
Regional Background Urban Background Traffic Industrial
Montseny
Regional Background PM2.5 speciation
Athens, 15th December 2015
Time average map of SO2 Column amount (PBL) (Dobson Units)
NASA SO2 OMI level 3. Plotted using the Giovanni online data system, developed and maintained by the NASA GES DISC
2005 2007
2008 2009
20011 2013
Athens, 15th December 2015
2005 2006
2007 2008
2009 2010
2011 2012
2013 2014
NASA NO2 OMI level 3 Plotted using the Giovanni
online data system, developed and maintained
by the NASA GES DISC
Mean annual tropospheric NO2 column
(clear, 0-30% cloud) (1014 molec/cm2)
01/01/2015 to 05/11/2015
Athens, 15th December 2015
Querol et al., 2014. Science of Total Environment
B1: AQ TRENDS SPAIN 2001-2012
0
5
10
15
20
25
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
µg/
m3
Media Bar, CdC, Viz,Tor, Zar, Nie Cam, Sav, Peñ
Regional Background(EMEP)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
µg/
m3
Media Bar, CdC,Viz, Tor Cam, Sav, Nie, Zar, Peñ
Regional Background(EMEP)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
µg/
m3
PM10
Traffic Urban background Industrial
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
µg/
m3
PM2.5
Mean
0.0E+0
5.0E+3
1.0E+4
1.5E+4
2.0E+4
2.5E+4
3.0E+4
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
PM2.5 (Mg)
Industrial processes with combustion
Other transport and mobile machinery
Road transport
Non industrial combustion
PM2.5 National Emissions
0.0E+0
5.0E+3
1.0E+4
1.5E+4
2.0E+4
2.5E+4
3.0E+4
3.5E+4
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
PM10 (Mg)
Industrial processes with combustionAgriculture and farmingOther transport and mobile machineryRoad transportNon industrial combustion
Mg
PM10 National EmissionsM
g
Athens, 15th December 2015
Querol et al., 2014. Science of Total Environment
B1: AQ TRENDS SPAIN 2001-2012
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
µg/
m3
O3
Traffic Urban Background Industrial
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
µg/
m3
O3
Media CdC, Viz, Cam, Zar, Peñ Bar, Tor, Sav, Nie
Regional Background(EMEP)
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
mg/
m3
CO
Traffic Urban background Industrial
0.0E+0
2.0E+5
4.0E+5
6.0E+5
8.0E+5
1.0E+6
1.2E+6
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
CO (Mg)Industrial processes with combustionAgriculture and farmingIndustrial processes without combustionRoad transportNon industrial combustion
National Emissions
Mg
Athens, 15th December 2015
0
20
40
60
80
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
PM
10
(µ
g/m
3)
Annual average PM10 Florence area
Florence_Bassi Florence_Gramsci Florence_Boboli Florence_Mosse Signa Calenzano boccaccio
Calenzano giovanni Campi B. Sesto Mean Annual limit value
-34%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
PM
10
(µ
g/m
3)
Annual mean PM10 POR-MA
Francisco Sá Carneiro Sobreiras - Lordelo de Ouro Av. 24 - Espinho Anta - EspinhoAugusto Gomes - Matosinhos D. Manuel II - Vermoim Gaia - Avintes VN Telha - MaiaCustóias - Matosinhos Leça do Balio - Matosinhos Meco - Perafita Sra. Da Hora - MatosinhosErmesinde - Valongo Mean Annual limit value
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
PM
10
(µ
g/m
3)
Annual mean PM10 ATH-AGG
Agia Paraskevi Aristotelous Goudi Thrakomakedones Lykovrusi Marousi Piraeus Mean Annual limit value
-32%
0
20
40
60
80
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
PM
10
(µ
g/m
3)
Annual mean PM10 MLN-AGG
Cantù Como centro Merate Busto Arsizio - Accam Gallarate San Lorenzo MedaMonza Macchiavelli Monza Parco Milano Senato Mean Annual limit value CantùComo centro Merate Busto Arsizio - Accam Gallarate San Lorenzo Meda Monza Macchiavelli
-32%
0
20
40
60
80
100
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
PM
10
(µ
g/m
3)
Annual mean PM10 BCN-MA
Barcelona (c/ Lluís Solé i Sabarís) Barcelona (Eixample) Barcelona (Gràcia - Sant Gervasi)Barcelona (IES Goya) Barcelona (IES Verdaguer) Barcelona (Vall d'Hebron)Barcelona (pl. Universitat) Barcelona (Zona Universitària) Barcelona (Sants)Barcelona (Poblenou) Barcelona (Port Vell) Esplugues de Llobregat (CEIP Isidre Marti))L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Molins de Rei (pl. del Mercat Municipal) Molins de Rei (Ajuntament)El Prat de Llobregat (pl. de l'Església) El Prat de Llobregat (Jardins de la Pau) Sant Adrià de BesòsSanta Coloma de Gramenet (Ajuntament) Sant Feliu de Llobregat (Eugeni d'Ors) Sant Vicenç dels Horts (Col·legi Sant Josep)Sant Vicenç dels Horts (CEIP Verge del Rocío) Mean AQZ1 Annual limit value
-49%
-45%
BCN-MA
POR-MA MLN-AGG
FI-AGG ATH-AGG
0
20
40
60
80
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
PM
10
(µ
g/m
3)
Annual mean PM10 FI-AGG
Florence_Bassi Florence_Gramsci Florence_Boboli Florence_Mosse Signa
Scandicci Calenzano boccaccio Calenzano giovanni Campi B. Empoli
Greve Incisa Montelupo Pontassieve Sesto
Mean Annual Limit Value
ANNUAL PM10 AVERAGES
-46%
-49%
-32%
-34%0
20
40
60
80
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
PM
10
(µ
g/m
3)
Annual mean PM10 ATH-AGG
Agia Paraskevi Aristotelous Goudi Thrakomakedones Lykovrusi Marousi Piraeus Mean Annual limit value
-32%
FI-AGG ATH-GAA
WHO
WHO WHO
WHO
WHO
Athens, 15th December 2015 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
PM
10
(µ
g/m
3)
Percentile 90.4 PM10 BCN-MA
Barcelona (c/ Lluís Solé i Sabarís) Barcelona (Eixample) Barcelona (Gràcia - Sant Gervasi)Barcelona (IES Goya) Barcelona (IES Verdaguer) Barcelona (Vall d'Hebron)Barcelona (pl. Universitat) Barcelona (Zona Universitària) Barcelona (Sants)Barcelona (Poblenou) Barcelona (Port Vell) Esplugues de Llobregat (CEIP Isidre Marti))L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Molins de Rei (pl. del Mercat Municipal) Molins de Rei (Ajuntament)El Prat de Llobregat (pl. de l'Església) El Prat de Llobregat (Jardins de la Pau) Sant Adrià de BesòsSanta Coloma de Gramenet (Ajuntament) Sant Feliu de Llobregat (Eugeni d'Ors) Sant Vicenç dels Horts (Col·legi Sant Josep)Sant Vicenç dels Horts (CEIP Verge del Rocío) Mean AQZ1 Daily limit value
-49%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
PM
10
(µ
g/m
3)
Percentile 90.4 PM10 FI-AGG
Florence_Bassi Florence_Gramsci Florence_Boboli Florence_Mosse Signa
Scandicci Calenzano boccaccio Calenzano giovanni Campi B. Empoli
Greve Incisa Montelupo Pontassieve Sesto
Mean Annual Limit Value
-29%
0
40
80
120
160
200
240
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
PM
10
(µ
g/m
3)
Percentile 90.4 PM10 POR-MA
Francisco Sá Carneiro Sobreiras - Lordelo de Ouro Av. 24 - Espinho Anta - Espinho
Augusto Gomes - Matosinhos D. Manuel II - Vermoim Gaia - Avintes VN Telha - Maia
Custóias - Matosinhos Leça do Balio - Matosinhos Meco - Perafita Sra. Da Hora - Matosinhos
Ermesinde - Valongo Mean Daily limit value
-45%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
PM
10
(µ
g/m
³)
Percentile 90.4 PM10 ATH-AGG
Agia Paraskevi Aristotelous Goudi Thrakomakedones Lykovrusi Marousi Piraeus Mean Daily limit value
-32%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
PM
10
(µ
g/m
³)
Percentile 90.4 PM10 MLN-AGG
Cantù Como centro Merate Busto Arsizio - Accam Gallarate San Lorenzo Meda
Monza Macchiavelli Monza Parco Milano Senato Mean Daily limit value
-32%
FI-AGG
MLN-AGGPOR-MA
BCN-MA
ATH-GAA
90.4 PERCENTILE PM10
-29%
-29%
Athens, 15th December 2015
2003-2014 PM10 and PM1 source apportionment: Barcelona
Athens, 15th December 2015
2003-2014 PM10 and PM1 source apportionment: Barcelona