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Writing IWriting I

Basics, Nouns and ArticlesBasics, Nouns and Articles

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essaysessays↓↙ ↘↓↙ ↘

paragraphsparagraphs↓↙ ↘↓↙ ↘

sentencessentences↓↙ ↘↓↙ ↘

phrasesphrases↓↙ ↘↓↙ ↘

wordswords

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Parts of SpeechParts of Speech

NounsNouns PronounsPronouns VerbsVerbs AdjectivesAdjectives AdverbsAdverbs PrepositionsPrepositions ConjunctionsConjunctions ArticlesArticles InjectionsInjections

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Basic Elements of a SentenceBasic Elements of a Sentence

SubjectSubject VerbVerb Examples:Examples:

You sing.You sing. I dance.I dance.

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What can be a subject?What can be a subject?

Nouns Nouns 名詞名詞 Noun phrases Noun phrases 名詞片語名詞片語 Noun clauses Noun clauses 名詞子句名詞子句 Infinitive phrases Infinitive phrases 不定詞片語不定詞片語 Gerunds Gerunds 動名詞動名詞

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What is a clause?What is a clause?

A smaller sentence inside A smaller sentence inside another sentenceanother sentence

Example:Example: I know I know he is happyhe is happy..

↓ ↓

a clausea clause

↓ ↓

a noun clausea noun clause

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Types of NounsTypes of Nouns Count NounsCount Nouns Singular count nouns always come wSingular count nouns always come w

ith an article.ith an article. Plural count nouns always come with Plural count nouns always come with

an “s” or “es” at the end.an “s” or “es” at the end. Noncount NounsNoncount Nouns Noncount Nouns are always singular.Noncount Nouns are always singular. No indefinite articles come with noncNo indefinite articles come with nonc

ount nouns.ount nouns.

Exercise on Page 107

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Noncount NounsNoncount Nouns

Refer to a “whole”Refer to a “whole” furniturefurniture AbstractionsAbstractions luckluck Phenomena of NaturePhenomena of Nature sunshinesunshine Some nouns can be either count or nSome nouns can be either count or n

oncount nouns, but they differ in meaoncount nouns, but they differ in meanings.nings.

hair; lighthair; light

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Unit ExpressionsUnit Expressions

a spoonful of sugara spoonful of sugar a glass of milka glass of milk a cup of coffeea cup of coffee a piece of papera piece of paper a piece of jewelrya piece of jewelry a bag of floura bag of flour a bar of soapa bar of soap a pound of meata pound of meat a head of lettucea head of lettuce

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Some Common Noncount NoSome Common Noncount Nounsuns Whole groupWhole group FluidFluid SolidsSolids GasesGases ParticlesParticles AbstractionsAbstractions LanguagesLanguages Fields of studyFields of study RecreationRecreation ActivitiesActivities Natural PhenomenaNatural Phenomena

Exercises on Pages 109-111

See Page 108

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Don’t forget articles!Don’t forget articles!

Definite article: “The”Definite article: “The”

--used before definite nouns--used before definite nouns

Indefinite articles: “A”, “an”Indefinite articles: “A”, “an”

--used before singular indefinite coun--used before singular indefinite count nounst nouns

--use “an” if the following word starts --use “an” if the following word starts with a vowel; otherwise, use “a”with a vowel; otherwise, use “a”

Exercises on Pages 113-118

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Irregular Plural NounsIrregular Plural Nouns

Chart 7-1 on page 100Chart 7-1 on page 100

Exercises on Pages 101-102

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Using Nouns as ModifiersUsing Nouns as Modifiers

When a noun is used as a When a noun is used as a modifier, it is in its singular form.modifier, it is in its singular form.

vegetable soupvegetable soup When a noun used as a modifier When a noun used as a modifier

is combined with a number is combined with a number expression, the noun is singular expression, the noun is singular and a hyphen (-) is used.and a hyphen (-) is used.

a five-year-old boya five-year-old boy

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Expressions of QuantityExpressions of Quantity

one, each, everyone, each, every two…, both, a couple of, a fewtwo…, both, a couple of, a few several, many, a number ofseveral, many, a number of (used with count nouns)(used with count nouns) a little, much, a great deal ofa little, much, a great deal of (used with noncount nouns)(used with noncount nouns) no, some/any, a lot of/lots ofno, some/any, a lot of/lots of plenty of, most, all plenty of, most, all (used with both count and noncount (used with both count and noncount

nouns)nouns)

Exercises on Pages 120-124


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