Tensions RiseTensions Rise• Europe 20th
• Peace organizations
• Peace congresses• 1843-1907
• Militarism• Arms race• Having a large standing army helps with patriotism but…
• Europe 20th• Peace organizations
• Peace congresses• 1843-1907
• Militarism• Arms race• Having a large standing army helps with patriotism but…
• Nationalism• Love of ones country
• Competition• Materials• Markets• Territorial disputes• Balkans and Alsace Lorraine
• Imperialism• Competition over colonies
• Nationalism• Love of ones country
• Competition• Materials• Markets• Territorial disputes• Balkans and Alsace Lorraine
• Imperialism• Competition over colonies
AlliancesAlliances• Germany
• Bismarck• Unified Germany • 1864-1871
• France• Threat
• Alsace Lorraine• Triple alliance
• Germany, Austria, Italy
• Russia?
• Germany• Bismarck
• Unified Germany • 1864-1871
• France• Threat
• Alsace Lorraine• Triple alliance
• Germany, Austria, Italy
• Russia?
Arms Race and Alliances
Arms Race and Alliances
• Kaiser Wilhelm II• Russian treaty• Ship building program• England?
• Triple Entente• Russia, England, France
• Kaiser Wilhelm II• Russian treaty• Ship building program• England?
• Triple Entente• Russia, England, France
BalkansBalkans• Balkan Peninsula
• South Eastern Europe• Ottoman Empire
• Crumple,Nationalism• Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia
• Others want to break away
• Balkan Peninsula• South Eastern Europe• Ottoman Empire
• Crumple,Nationalism• Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia
• Others want to break away
• Border disputes• Serbia
• Slavic country• Supported by Russia
• Austria• Has small Slavic population
• Annexed Bosnia, Herzegovina• Slavic Nations• Upset Serbia and Russia
• Border disputes• Serbia
• Slavic country• Supported by Russia
• Austria• Has small Slavic population
• Annexed Bosnia, Herzegovina• Slavic Nations• Upset Serbia and Russia
Black HandBlack Hand• Archduke Franz Ferdinand• Heir to Austrian Throne
• Visit Bosnia• Assassinated by black hand• Serbian and Jews
• Austria declare war on Serbia
• Russia?• Alliances?
• Archduke Franz Ferdinand• Heir to Austrian Throne
• Visit Bosnia• Assassinated by black hand• Serbian and Jews
• Austria declare war on Serbia
• Russia?• Alliances?
Europe Plunges into War
Europe Plunges into War
• Short?• Sir Edward Grey
“The Lamps are going out all over Europe, We shall not see them lit again in our lifetime.”
• Short?• Sir Edward Grey
“The Lamps are going out all over Europe, We shall not see them lit again in our lifetime.”
• Central Powers• Germany, Austria-Hungry, • Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria
• Allies• Great Britain, France, Russia• Japan• Italy
• Central Powers• Germany, Austria-Hungry, • Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria
• Allies• Great Britain, France, Russia• Japan• Italy
StalemateStalemate• Western Front
• Schlieffen Plan• Russia and industrialization
• Marne• Stop German’s
• Verdun• 300,000• 4 miles
• Somme• More than 1 million• 5 miles
• Western Front• Schlieffen Plan
• Russia and industrialization
• Marne• Stop German’s
• Verdun• 300,000• 4 miles
• Somme• More than 1 million• 5 miles
Eastern FrontEastern Front• Russia
• Failed to industrialize
• Heavy man power• Shortage
• Guns, food, ammunition, clothes, boots, blankets
• Baltic Sea• U-boats
• Russia• Failed to industrialize
• Heavy man power• Shortage
• Guns, food, ammunition, clothes, boots, blankets
• Baltic Sea• U-boats
America Joins the Fight
America Joins the Fight
• Zimmermann Note• Mexico • Lost territory• Last straw
• 1917• Wilson asked Congress
• Zimmermann Note• Mexico • Lost territory• Last straw
• 1917• Wilson asked Congress
• 1917• Stalemate looks to the sea
• Unrestricted submarine warfare• Lusitania
• British • 128 citizens• True• 3 US ships
• 1917• Stalemate looks to the sea
• Unrestricted submarine warfare• Lusitania
• British • 128 citizens• True• 3 US ships
Allies Win the WarAllies Win the War• Russia
• 1917 Civil Unrest• Food, fuel, casualties
• 5.5 million • Dead, wounded
• Czar provisional government• Lenin• 8 months• Communist• Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
• Russia• 1917 Civil Unrest
• Food, fuel, casualties
• 5.5 million • Dead, wounded
• Czar provisional government• Lenin• 8 months• Communist• Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
• 1918• Armistice• Republic
• Legacy• 9 million• 21 million• Flower of Europe
• 1918• Armistice• Republic
• Legacy• 9 million• 21 million• Flower of Europe