Word formation 1
Lesson 7B
CLASSIFYING GRAMMAR
MORPHOLOGY SYNTAX
GRAMMAR
CLASSIFYING MORPHOLOGY
INFLECTION
DERIVATION COMPOUNDING
WORD FORMATION
MORPHOLOGY
THE OVERALL PICTURE
Inflection
Derivation Composition
Word formation
MORPHOLOGY SYNTAX
GRAMMAR
swim
• CONVERSION
• when a word changes its word class
to swim (verb) a swim (noun)
CONVERSION
• to rain rain
• to bicycle a bicycle
• to cheat a cheat
CNN, NATO
• ACRONYMS
• initials which are pronounced as single words
ping-pong, teeny-weeny
• REDUPLICATION
• a lexeme with two identical, or very similar, constituents
motel, brunch, heliport
• BLENDING
• when a word is made out of shortened forms of other words
• BR-eakfast + l-UNCH = BRUNCH
BLENDING
• motel
• heliport
• mo-tor? + ho-tel
• heli-copter + air-port
gas
• CLIPPING
• when a word of more than one syllable is reduced to a shorter form
gasoline gas
CLIPPING
burger
deli
mike
hamburger
delicatessen
microphone
edit, televise, demo
• BACK FORMATION
• When a word of one type is reduced to form a word of a different type
editor edit
BACK FORMATION
• television televise
• demonstration demo
Aussie• HYPOCORISM
• A longer word is reduced to a single syllable and then -y or -ie is added
• Australian Auss + -ie Aussie
HYPOCORISM
• moving picture
move+ ie
movie
quack, woof
• ONOMATOPEIA
• When a word is created to sound like the thing it names
Darwinian
• EPONYM
• when a word is derived from the name of a person
EPONYMY
• Buzz Lightyear is derived from Buzz Aldrin the astronaut
• Garibaldi biscuits were marketed in England after Garibaldi’s visit (and you can still buy them)
nylon, aspirin
• COINAGE
• the invention of a totally new word
This often occurs with scientific names andtrade names of new products
Quiz (1)
• vet = clipping• fantabulous = blending (fantastic + fabulous)• Google = coinage (a new invention)• to Google (vb) = conversion from Google (noun)• doc = clipping (from doctor)• zig-zag =reduplication• fahrenheit = eponym
Quiz (2)• ‘Sob!’ = onomatopeia• hankie = hypocorism• AIDS = acronymy• to biograph = back-formation from biography (noun)• infotainment = blending (information + entertainment)• to party = conversion from party (noun)