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MASTERS IN INNOVATION
CONFIDENTIAL
WIRELESS DISTRIBUTEDSENSOR NETWORKS
Koenraad Rombaut
www.verhaert.com
VERHAERTINNOVATIONDAY OCTOBER 12th, 2007
www.mastersininnovation.com
Commercially confidence This presentation contains ideas and information which are proprietary of VERHAERT, Masters in Innovation*, it is given in confidence. You are authorized toopen and view the electronic copy of this document and to print a single copy. Otherwise, the material may not in whole or in part be copied, stored electronically or communicated to third
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* VERHAERT, Masters in Innovation is a registered trade name of Verhaert Consultancies N.V.
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MASTERS IN INNOVATION
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Distributed Sensor Networks, enabling
Technology in Development
Distributed sensors networks have become a highly active research areabecause of their potential of providing diverse services to a broad range ofapplications, not only on science and engineering, but equally importantlyon issues related to critical infrastructure protection and security, health
care, the environment, energy, food safety, and the potential impact on thequality of all areas of life. VERHAERT will demonstrate a phased approachtowards a distributed sensor set-up for local body area networks and theirpotential in security applications. Furthermore, other potential applicationswill be discussed while the current status of technology is being outlined.
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MASTERS IN INNOVATION
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Content
Introduction
Swans: a Verhaert inertial sensor network
The applications
Architecture and building blocks
How to select or define a wireless sensor network
Low power as a critical design driver
Conclusion
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MASTERS IN INNOVATION
CONFIDENTIAL
Whats in a name ?
Wireless =
wireless data transmission
autonomous: on board power source (e.g. battery)
often: on board intelligence
Sensor =
sensing physical parameters, e.g. temperature
Network =
added value of multiple nodes, due to cooperation,e.g. Swans skeleton, inter vehicle communication
e.g. Swans: a body area network (BAN) ofwireless inertial sensors for motion capturing
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MASTERS IN INNOVATION
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Market trends for wireless sensor networks
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MASTERS IN INNOVATION
CONFIDENTIAL
European research on wireless sensor
networks
Wireless sensor networks= a very active research area
Swans: Silicon platforms forWireless Advanced Networks of Sensors
Stella: stretchable electronics
E-Cubes: stacking technology
Witness: security wireless sensor network
MyHeart: medical smart wireless sensors
Mimosa: Microsystems platform for MObileServices and Applications
Vibes: vibration energy scavenging
Eyes: self organizing networks
Applications need mature technology
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MASTERS IN INNOVATION
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Swans: a European cooperation
SWANS = Silicon platforms forWireless Advanced Networks of Sensors
a Medea+ European project
Partners:
silicon design companies (Atmel, STM, NXP, Ansem)
research institutes (IMEC, CEA-Leti)
application oriented companies (Verhaert, LMS, EADS, France Telecom)
Verhaerts role & interest:development of a wireless body area network for motion tracking
sensors for health and fitness applications
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MASTERS IN INNOVATION
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The Verhaert inertial sensor body area network
Inertial sensor (iTrack)
per limb, capturing3D orientation
Wireless data linkfromlimbto personal hub
Virtual skeletonreconstructionin personal hub
Wireless communicationof skeleton motion
fromBAN hubto base station
IMU sensorplatform personal
hub
base
station
communicationsensor-hub
communicationhub - station
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Wireless technology for RT motion capturing
Motion capture suit on
real world body
Virtual model
with texture andrepresentation
of sensors
Virtual model
with skin surface
Swans
Skeleton&wireframe
representation
of virtual model
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A sensor network for pedestrian navigation
Motion capturing Step detection
Step distance & direction
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From a good sensor node to a sensor networkSingle sensor
dev. kit (COTS)
Full bodywired
+
Sensor networkdemonstrator
Single sensornode (custom)
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Other Verhaert sensor network applications
Healthcare:
revalidation
activity monitor
fall detection
ergonomics
Security
track & trace
Sport: training
technique improvement
activity monitoring
Animation
motion data capturing
game controller (cf. Wii)
virtual reality controller
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Typical healthcare & fitness applications & trends
Verhaert motion capturing
Elderly: fall detection, activitymonitoring, track & trace=> low power / long range
EMG, EEG, ECG on flex pcb
SiP: 3D BGA stackingfull system on 14 x 14 x 12 mmlow power 15 mW @ 1 Mbps / 50 m
geo-fencing / track & trace
Man overboard trackingsimilar for location based services
=> on board intelligence important
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MASTERS IN INNOVATION
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Typical industrial & environmental applications
Building automation: domotics, metering
Industrial automation, e.g. processmonitoring, object tracking
Asset management: track & trace
Automotive, e.g.traffic monitoring, traffic
control, LBS=> long lifetime (10+ year)
Security
Military, e.g. battlefield surveillance
Environmental monitoring, e.g.
agriculture, habitat, seismic, marine=> deployment in large quantities andover large areas
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Added value of wireless sensor networks
Deployment costWired = high infrastructure cost ~ number of sensors & application area [m]=> large application areas or high number of sensors
Flexibilitysensor location can be changed easily,network is easily expandable (10 => 10 000 sensors)
Mobility=> moving objects (e.g. automotive, people)
Track & trace for moving objects
Network = interaction between nodes
Constraints Low power
Lack ofstandardisation
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MASTERS IN INNOVATION
CONFIDENTIAL
Sensor node hardware architecture
Motion node hardware
Antenna
COTS radio
C
Power circuit
ADC
M
EMSsensors
Battery
UART
SPI
Case: motion node
Generic
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Software architecture and building blocks
Data logging &visualisationBase station /pers. hubapplication
DescriptionSwans building
blocks
ProprietaryBase station /pers. hubcommunication
ProprietaryData transfer
ProprietaryWirelesscommunication
Sensor interfaceData acquisition
SchedulerOS
Inertial: strap-down, Kalman
Embeddedalgorithms
OSI network layer model
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MASTERS IN INNOVATION
CONFIDENTIAL
Parameters for a sensor network configuration
100 Hzinterval: days to seclongData update interval
1610 10 000highNumber of sensors2 h sufficientdays to yearshighLifetime / Autonomy
1 5000
m to km
1 100 kbits/s
Typical value
3000 acceptable
10 m
250 kbits/s
Swans full motion
low
medium
low
TargetParameter
Sensor cost
Range
Bandwidth
Deployment
Mobility
Infrastructure & topology
Coverage Connectivity
Quality of Service
Communication medium
Sensor homogeneity
Certification
Standardisation / interoperability
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MASTERS IN INNOVATION
CONFIDENTIAL
What about a standard ?
Number of sensors
Powe
r
UWB
Zigbee
WirelessHart
WavenisGreenpeak/Ubiwave
Bluetooth
Wibree
Wifi
WiMax
gsm
6lowpan
BTnode
IMEC
Wisa
Establishedstandard
Target area
Non maturestandard
Proprietary
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MASTERS IN INNOVATION
CONFIDENTIAL
Low power is essential for low cost deployment
Dynamic power management:
duty cycling, external event trigger (e.g. radio, piezo-sensor for stepcounter), shutting down / switching off functions like sensing, radio,processor, deep sleep mode,
Dynamic Scaling:
Voltage or frequency reduction, adaptive depending on workload,asynchronous logic,
Data reduction: intelligent algorithms reduce data transfer volumee.g. compression, only sending relevant events, on board interpretation,
Ultra low power building blocks: processor architecture, memory,
transceiver, sensors, ADC,
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MASTERS IN INNOVATION
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Power sources: overview
Wireless
sensors
Power
source
Fuel combustion
Batteries
Thermal
Vibration
Energyharvesting
Solar
Fuel cells
Microturbine
Classics
Sheet-like
New chemicals
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MASTERS IN INNOVATION
CONFIDENTIAL
Power sources : battery evolution
Classics: NiCd
Improved: Ni-MH=> commodities
Current standard: Li Li-ion
Li-polymers
=> mobile phones
Latest state-of-the-art Li-S: dense, lightweight,
high voltage, high current
Battery = limited lifetime +waste problem
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MASTERS IN INNOVATION
CONFIDENTIAL
Power sources: some other trends
Micro fuel cells
Flexible batteries
Thin film solar cells
Electro-mechanical conversion
Ultra-capacitors
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MASTERS IN INNOVATION
CONFIDENTIAL
Power source: vibration energy scavenger
Working principle MEMS element picks up environmental vibration
transforms vibration into electrical energy
capacitive or piezo-electrical or electro-magnetic
Specifications from 10 W average up to 1 mW peak
some mm
Applications Motors & rotating equipment
Wearables
Vehicles (distribute sensing)
Status
technological demonstrators
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MASTERS IN INNOVATION
CONFIDENTIAL
Power source: thermal scavenger
Working principle
Seebeck / Peltier effect
V ~T Specifications & advantages
from 10 W average up to 1 mW peak
some mm
human body: ~10 mW/cm2
Applications
Motors
Wearables
Cooling / heating devices
Status technological demonstrators
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MASTERS IN INNOVATION
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The future: challenges & trends
Low power building blocks: sensor, radio, processor
On board intelligence to reduce radio transmission, e.g. triggered by events
Efficient bandwidth use
Long lasting power supply, e.g. energy harvesting
Standardisation / Interoperability
Robust and fault tolerant protocols
Self configuring (dynamic) network configuration
Security / privacy
Synchronisation
Services
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MASTERS IN INNOVATION
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Conclusion
Opportunities for wireless sensor network applications are numerous
However, the enabling technologies are not yet mature
A multi-disciplinary approach and optimization is a key factor for succes
Continued effort in development is critical for gaining maturity
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MASTERS IN INNOVATION
CONFIDENTIAL
Verhaert New Products & Services nvHogenakkerhoekstraat 21
9150 Kruibeke
Belgium
Tel +32 (0)3 250 19 00
Fax +32 (0)3 254 10 08
www.verhaert.com
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