Wireless Body Area Networks for healthcare
Outline :• Why we chose this topic. • Introduction and background.• Major challenges.• Challenges' solutions.• Directions for future work.• Conclusion. • Proposal.
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Why we choose this topic ?!
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Introduction and Background :
What is the problem?
Elderly people, chronic diseases, and health con-sciousness of community, etc.So..There is a need for providing a health service that facilitates and improves the human health.
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Introduction and Background :
How they addressed the need?
A wireless body area network (WBAN) is a collection of wireless sensor nodes that are situated either in-side or outside the human body for monitoring the outside environment and functions of the body.
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Introduction and Background :
What are the advantages of WBAN?
• WBAN allows the patients to get their health conditions monitored wherever they are without restricting their mobility.
• Doctors can still access the data and give their patients advices based on these data.
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Major challenges
WBAN is the network
around the human body
Reliabil-ity
Energy
Effi-ciency
Security and pri-
vacy Network coexis-tence
Scalabil-ity
Quality-of-ser-vice
Low cost
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Major challengesPhysical layer challengesEnergy consumption
• Medical sensors have a requirement of being always activated to continually collect and transmit patient’s data to care givers and hospitals.
• Energy consumption is a very sensitive issue, especially in the implantable body sensors; it needs a body surgery in order to replace the batteries
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Major challengesPhysical layer challengesEnergy consumption
Energy consumption can be classified into three cate-gories:• Sensing• Communication • Data processing
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Major challengesPhysical layer chal-
lenges Energy consumption
The communication between the body sensors and body sensors with the personal device (PD) is consuming more energy than the computational process ??!
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Major challengesPhysical layer challengesEnergy consumption
Because of:• Idle listening and over hearing of packets.• The cryptographic operation, which needed for the high security requirement.
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Challenges' Solutions:
TMAC (Time-Out Mac) protocol, which is one of the most energy efficient protocol used in WBAN.
Based on “Duty-Cycling”
It suffers from “Early Sleeping Mode”
Physical layer challengesEnergy consumption
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Major challengesTransport layer chal-
lenges Reliable transfer of data
Some reasons lead to unre-liable data
transmission
Cor-rupted sensors
Disrupted connectiv-
ity
Patient with
sweating
Health state
degrada-tion
False treat-ment
Heart attack
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Major challengesTransport layer chal-
lenges Reliable transfer of data
The reliability of data transmission
effected by:
Congestion Bit-error rate Link quality
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Major challengesTransport layer challengesReliable transfer of
data
• The error rate for medical data transfer must be decreased to improve network reliability.
• The reliable data transmission should be inves-tigated for low power body sensor networks
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Challenges' Solutions:
Approach to creating reliable WBANS called Cooperative Network Coding (CNC).
Transport layer challengesReliable transfer of data
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Challenges' Solutions:
CNC increase the reliability :Because, if any of the nodes fail, the packets can still be transmitted by the other nodes to the destination. Also, if any of the links fail, the data con go through other paths without the need of re-transmissions.
Transport layer challengesReliable transfer of data
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Major challengesIndependent challengesSecurity and privacy
• The challenges are come from the resource con-straints of WBAN devices and the high demand of both security and privacy with practicality and us-ability.
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Major challengesIndependent challenges Security and privacy
The requirement of security and privacy :
• The privacy of patients may be violated if the data gathered from a monitored patient is accessi-ble by unauthorized users, whether the data accessed while it is stored inside the WBAN or during their transmission outside the WBAN.
Data confi-dentiality
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Major challengesIndependent challenges Security and privacy
The requirement of security and privacy :
• It means to make sure that the information is sent by the supposed sender.Data au-
thenticity
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Major challengesIndependent challenges Security and privacy
The requirement of security and privacy :
• It means to make sure that the received information has not been manipulated.Data in-
tegrity
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Major challengesIndependent challengesSecurity and privacy
•The data must be encrypted and should be available to healthcare providers even with the denial-of-service (DoS) attacks and should be recoverable even if the data fail. • The traffic has to be always encrypted, au-thenticated and impossible to be modified in the way to the destination. 21
Major challengesIndependent challengesSecurity and privacy
• The sensors must know what network they be-long to them because the communications be-tween sensors in different WBANs can easily cross over when people get in close.
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Challenges' Solutions: Security and privacy:
data confi-dentiality
The doctor must encrypt the Informa-tion before sending it using a secret key either Symmetrically or asymmetri-
cally
dataauthenticity
Message Authentication Code (MAC3) iscalculated using a shared secret key
data in-tegrity
Need to verify the MAC to guarantee that the received data is the last message
and not replayed a tampered message23
Challenges' Solutions: Security and privacy:
-Another security solution by using Tiny-Sec and ZigBee network layer(NWK)
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Directions for future work :T-MAC protocol still requires more up-
grade and research, in order to improve the energy efficiency in WBANs
Use body temperature or the physical movement of the patient as means to produce
power
Make a new generation of personalized monitoring systems that allow users to con-
figure their systems and user interface, interact with their social network and improve their
quality of living 25
Directions for future work :
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Make the data available and retrieve it easily;by stored in Cloud Servers
Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) can be used for better message delivery and for improving the bat-
tery performance
Conclusion
Since the energy is the most critical and chal-lenge issue in WBAN, we decided to com-plete our research on “Energy Con-sumption” and propose a solution to it.
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Done By :
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References :[1] B. Yu, 'Wireless Body Area Networks for Healthcare: A Feasibility Study', 2009. [2] A. Arya and N. Bilandi, 'A Review: Wireless Body Area Networks for Health Care', International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, vol. 2, no. 4, 2014. [3] L. Filipe, F. Fdez-Riverola, N. Costa and A. Pereira, 'Wireless Body Area Networks for Healthcare Applications: Protocol Stack Review', International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, vol. 2015, pp. 1-23, 2015. [4] H. Yoo, 'Wireless Body Area Network and its Healthcare Applications', 2013. [5] S. Song, N. Cho and H. Yoo, 'A 0.2-mW 2-Mb/s Digital Transceiver Based on Wideband Signaling for Human Body Communications', IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 42, no. 9, pp. 2021-2033, 2007.
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Thank you for listening …
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