Why is it important?
The industrial revolution changed human life drastically
Before the industrial revolution, technology pretty much stayed the same from 2000 years ago until the mid 1700s
More things have been created in the last 250 years than all of time put together
What was it? The Industrial Revolution was an extreme
change in the way goods were produced
Goods used to be hand made
Machines: Invented to replace human laborMore efficient at producing goodsincreased production and changed the world
forever
QUESTION
What does it mean when I say “increased production”?
Why would having more goods made in a shorter time change the world?
Production Changes
New energy sources were created to power the new machinesWater, Steam, Electricity, Oil
People began using more metals and minerals for production and powerAluminum, Coal, Copper, Iron
Transportation Changes Transportation improved:
Ships○ first were made of wood, now made of Iron, and later,
steel○ Sails were replaced by steam power
Trains were created
And later, automobiles
Communication Changes
Communication Improves!!!
Telegraph
Radio
Telephone
Work Changes
“Factory System” of production invented
Before the factory system, people lived where they worked
Factory machines were too big to keep in a house, so large buildings (factories) were built
People traveled to the factories to work for the day, and then went home at night
Living Changes Urbanization occurred
People moved from farms to the cities so that they could work in the factories
New “classes” formed, now there were: a working classa middle classa wealthy industrial class
Percent of people in England living in Cities
Capitalists
Politicians
Factory Owners
& Managers
Factory Workers
City Workers
Farmers
Economic Changes
Mass production meant large amounts of goods were being produced
More goods, more variety
Capitalism is fully developed
Background of the Industrial Revolution
Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment lead to new ideas, and people shared those ideas
People now knew more about the world and science than ever before
This leads to a huge growth in technology
Production before Industrial Revolution
Before the industrial revolution, businessmen delivered the “raw materials” to workers homes
People then produced goods from within their homes
Factory System
Replaced the Domestic System
Faster
Workers were concentrated in a set location
Production anticipated demand
QUESTION
What does “Production anticipated Demand” mean?
Factory owners knew that they would not sell 5,000 shirts right away, but made what they knew they could eventually sell
This allowed them to take time to produce other things after the shirts were done
England: Birthplace of the Industrial Revolution
Slow, gradual changes in England started in the 1700s
After 1750, the changes grew
Why England ?
Capital for investing in the
means of production
Colonies and Markets for
manufactured goods
Raw materials for production
Merchant marine Geography
England’s Resources: Capital (Money)
The revolution made many English merchants wealthy
The merchants now had extra money, or “Capital,” to buy buildings, machines, and raw materials to get factories going
Stable banking system
England’s Resources:Colonies
England had more colonies than any other nation
The colonies were a huge source of raw materials
QUESTION
Can you think of some example resources that England got from its colonies?
Cotton – from the Americas
Silk – From China
England’s Resources: Raw Materials
England had a large amount of Coal to power steam engines and other machines
England also had a lot of Iron
Agriculturally stable
England’s Resources: Merchant Marine
England had the world’s largest merchant fleet
England’s Resources: Geography
England has excellent harbors and ports
A damp climate helped the cloth industry because thread would not dry out
Abundant water
Island (preservation)
“Necessity Is the Mother of Invention”
Spinning machine
Need to speed up weaving
Power loom created
“Necessity Is the Mother of Invention”
Power loom
Increased demand for raw cotton
Invention of the cotton gin
“Necessity Is the Mother of Invention”
Cotton gin
Demands for stronger iron
Improvements in iron smelting and the development of steel (Bessemer process)
“Necessity Is the Mother of Invention”
As more steam-powered machines were built, factories needed more coal to
create this steam
Mining methods improved to meet the
demand for more coal
• The process of inventing never ends
• One invention inevitably leads to improvements upon it and to more inventions
WAIT!!!Progress leads to more Progress
Think about the world’s first computers and compare them to what they have now
Think about the worlds first cell phones. Cell phones were originally just made for fast communication in business. Soon after, people saw that the cell phone was more useful than just for business.
THINK!!!
DO NOT
WRITE
The Birth and Growth of the Textile Industry
Richard Arkwright (English)
Water frame, 1769 Water-powered spinning machine that was too large for use in a home – led to the creation of factories
James Hargreaves (English)
Spinning jenny, 1765
Home-based machine that spun thread 8 times faster than when spun by hand
John Kay (English)
Flying shuttle, 1733 Hand-operated machine which increased the speed of weaving
The Birth and Growth of the Textile Industry
Elias Howe (American)
Sewing machine, 1846 Speed of sewing greatly increased
Eli Whitney (American)
Cotton gin, 1793 Device separated raw cotton from cotton seeds, increasing the cotton supply while lowering the cost of raw cotton
Edward Cartwright (English)Power loom, 1785 Water-powered device that automatically and quickly wove thread into cloth
Samuel Crompton (English)
Spinning mule, 1779 Combined the spinning jenny and the water frame into a single device, increasing the production of fine thread
Steam Power
Before steam power, the only water power used was a “water wheel”
But if a river flooded or dried up, the wheel would not be useful
Steam Power
1st steam engine was created in 1704, use to pump water from mines
By 1769, a steam engine that could power machines was created
Coal & Iron
From 1770-1800, coal production went from 6 million to 12 million tons
Steel
Before the Industrial Revolution, Steel was difficult and expensive to produce
Henry Bessemer developed the Bessemer process, which made the production of steel faster and less expensive
Robert Fulton (American)
• Steamboat (1807)
• Sped water transportation
Thomas Telford and John
McAdam (British)
• Macadamized roads (1810-1830)
• Improved roads
George Stephenson
(English)
• Locomotive (1825)
• Fast land transport of people and goods
Transportation
Gottlieb Daimler (German)
• Gasoline engine (1885)
• Led to the invention of the automobile
Rudolf Diesel (German)
• Diesel engine (1892)
• Cheaper fuel
Orville and Wilbur Wright
(American)
• Airplane (1903)• Air transport
Transportation
Strong, hard roads were invented around 1820
This eliminated gravel and dirt roads
Railroads
From 1830 to 1870, England went from having 49 miles of railroad tracks to 15,000 miles
In 1830 – the “rocket” train traveled 40 miles in 1.5 hours
CommunicationSamuel F.B.
Morse (American)
• Telegraph (1844)• Rapid
communication across continents
Alexander Graham Bell (American)
• Telephone (1876)
• Human speech heard across continents
Cyrus W. Field (American)
• Atlantic cable (1866)
• United States and Europe connected by cable
Guglielmo Marconi (Italian)
• Wireless telegraph, an early form of the radio (1895)
• No wires needed for sending messages
Lee de Forest (American)
• Radio tube (1907)
• Radio broadcasts could be sent around the world
Vladimir Zworykin
(American)
• Television (1925)• Simultaneous
audio and visual broadcast
Printing
By 1870, the Rotary press could print both sides of a page at once
1884 – Linotype Machine – could create a line of type instead of each letter by itself
Newspapers became much cheaper to produce
Child Labor
Many children were also hired to work in factories and mines
Their “little hands” were necessary to get into some of the parts of machines
In the mines, they would be used to haul out coal in small tunnels