Presidents
US – Abraham LincolnCapital – Washington, DC
Confederacy – Jefferson DavisCapital – Richmond, VA
Views of Civil War
South – states’ rights was their justification
Union – First - To preserve the Union
Much Later – to free slaves
Northern Advantages
Larger population (North – 22 Million, South – 9 million including 3.5 million slaves)
Northern Advantages
Most of the nation’s mineral deposits – iron, coal, copper, and other precious metals
More factories - 86% of nation’s factories located in the North
Northern Advantages
More Railroads – The North had 2.5 times the railroad mileage as the South
U.S. Navy – Almost 90% of the U.S. ships stayed with the Union.
Northern Advantages
Leadership of Abraham Lincoln - Lincoln pulled the nation through the most difficult time in its existence. A lesser man would not have been able to do that.
Southern Advantages
Generals – many West Point trained
1/3 of the career officers in the U.S. Army resigned to join the Confederacy
Southern Advantages
Fighting a Defensive War; didn’t have to invade North, just not lose
Northern troops did not know the territory
Northern troops far away from supply lines
Southern Advantages
Fighting for a Cause they believed in.Southerners believed that they were fighting for liberty based on the ideas in the Declaration of Independence.
Southern Advantages
Leadership of Robert E. Lee - Inspired Confederate soldiers to fight on, despite the odds
Northern Strategy - Anaconda Plan –
seize railroads & Mississippi River to split Confederacy, cut off supplies
blockade portscapture Richmond
Abraham Lincoln’s Speeches
Emancipation Proclamation - freed slaves in rebelling states, NOT in border states Added abolition of slavery to
war aimsAfter Antietam
Abraham Lincoln’s Speeches
Gettysburg Address – at dedication of Gettysburg battle site as national cemetery; said they were fighting to save the Union and democracy
Gettysburg AddressRead the text at
http://showcase.netins.net/web/creative/lincoln/speeches/gettysburg.htm
http://showcase.netins.net/web/creative/lincoln/speeches/gettysburg.htm
Abraham Lincoln’s Speeches
2nd Inaugural Address -encouraged everyone to think of the Union, wanted to bring the country back together peacefully
2nd Inaugural Address
Read the text at http://www.bartleby.com/124/pres32.html
http://www.bartleby.com/124/pres32.html
Important Events & Battles: Ft. Sumter - First battleAntietam - Emancipation
Proclamation issued after this battle; new emphasis on fighting to free slaves keeps European nations out of the civil war
Important Events & Battles
Vicksburg – Union captured the last Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River; Union controls Mississippi River
Important Events & Battles:
Gettysburg - turning point of the war , North slowly gets the advantage as Southern casualties grow; Gettysburg Address follows it
Important Events & Battles:
Appomattox Courthouse, VA- Lee surrenders to U.S. Grant, ending the war
South loses
Reconstruction
The period of reuniting the country after the Civil War.
Much bitterness felt by the South – lasted for generations
Lincoln Assassinated
John Wilkes Booth – Southerner
Made Reconstruction harder on the SouthLincoln had wanted peacePeople wanted to punish the
South after his death
Reconstruction
Seceding states had to go through a process to be formally readmitted into the Union
Confederate officers lost citizenship until pardoned
Reconstruction Amendments
13 – freed slaves14 – gave former slaves citizenship (also had details about citizenship for former Confederates)