Transcript
Page 1: What is Writing? · – Ch1: Introduction – Ch2: Survey (background) – Ch3: Study – Ch4: Results – Ch5: Conclusion – References – Appendices Synthesis – Your own words

What is Writing?

How do you answer this question?

Page 2: What is Writing? · – Ch1: Introduction – Ch2: Survey (background) – Ch3: Study – Ch4: Results – Ch5: Conclusion – References – Appendices Synthesis – Your own words

06/11/2014 APS - Research 2

Why Write?

Express ideas Communicate ideas

– Pre-history – History

Document ideas Thinking Tool

– Write – Revise – Rewrite

Page 3: What is Writing? · – Ch1: Introduction – Ch2: Survey (background) – Ch3: Study – Ch4: Results – Ch5: Conclusion – References – Appendices Synthesis – Your own words

06/11/2014 APS - Research 3

Writing Styles

Literature – Prose – Poetry

Literary Criticism History

– Record keeping (taxes) – Population census

Folk Myths and Tales – Identity (tribal/national)

Documentation Instructions Learning Guides

– Text books (Student) Exercises

– Notes – Blogs – Essays

Page 4: What is Writing? · – Ch1: Introduction – Ch2: Survey (background) – Ch3: Study – Ch4: Results – Ch5: Conclusion – References – Appendices Synthesis – Your own words

06/11/2014 APS - Research 4

Academic Writing

Note taking – summaries, overviews Project documentation Essays Dissertations: B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D., …. Presentations Critical Reviews Writing as a learning process

Page 5: What is Writing? · – Ch1: Introduction – Ch2: Survey (background) – Ch3: Study – Ch4: Results – Ch5: Conclusion – References – Appendices Synthesis – Your own words

06/11/2014 APS - Research 5

Academic Writing: Structure

A MODEL (organisation) – Abstract – Table of Contents – Ch1: Introduction – Ch2: Survey (background) – Ch3: Study – Ch4: Results – Ch5: Conclusion – References – Appendices

Synthesis – Your own words – Other sources

Quotation Paraphrase Summary

Abstract (max 250 words)

Executive Summary – (1 page)

Page 6: What is Writing? · – Ch1: Introduction – Ch2: Survey (background) – Ch3: Study – Ch4: Results – Ch5: Conclusion – References – Appendices Synthesis – Your own words

06/11/2014 APS - Research 6

Text Analysis

The main idea of a text should be clear

(the “red thread”) – I will show X

stated in the abstract stated in the

introduction supported by rest of the

text reiterated in the

conclusion

intro

survey

exp

result

concl

Page 7: What is Writing? · – Ch1: Introduction – Ch2: Survey (background) – Ch3: Study – Ch4: Results – Ch5: Conclusion – References – Appendices Synthesis – Your own words

06/11/2014 APS - Research 7

Citations (quotations) and References

“The English language in Europe, as a native language, is mainly spoken in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Outside of these states, it has a special status in Jersey and Guernsey (two of the three Crown Dependencies), Gibraltar (one of the British overseas territories), Malta and Cyprus (two former British colonies). In other parts of Europe, English is spoken mainly by those who have learned it as a second language, but also, to a lesser extent, natively by expatriates from the English speaking world.

The English language is the official language of Gibraltar and one of the official languages of Ireland, Scotland, Wales, the Isle of Man, Malta, Jersey, Guernsey and the European Union.”

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language_in_Europe

Page 8: What is Writing? · – Ch1: Introduction – Ch2: Survey (background) – Ch3: Study – Ch4: Results – Ch5: Conclusion – References – Appendices Synthesis – Your own words

06/11/2014 APS - Research 8

Citations (quotations) and References

“The English language in Europe, as a native language, is mainly spoken in the United Kingdom and Ireland. […]

The English language is the official language of Gibraltar and one of the official languages of Ireland, Scotland, Wales, the Isle of Man, Malta, Jersey, Guernsey and the European Union.”

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language_in_Europe

Page 9: What is Writing? · – Ch1: Introduction – Ch2: Survey (background) – Ch3: Study – Ch4: Results – Ch5: Conclusion – References – Appendices Synthesis – Your own words

06/11/2014 APS - Research 9

Citations (quotations) and References

In considering native speakers, Wiki [1] states that “The English language in Europe, as a native language, is mainly spoken in the United Kingdom and Ireland”. From these countries, the language has spread to other parts of the world.

Embedded text. Used for short quotations.

Page 10: What is Writing? · – Ch1: Introduction – Ch2: Survey (background) – Ch3: Study – Ch4: Results – Ch5: Conclusion – References – Appendices Synthesis – Your own words

06/11/2014 APS - Research 10

Citations (quotations) and References

In considering native speakers, Wiki [1] states that

“The English language in Europe, as a native language, is mainly spoken in the United Kingdom and Ireland.”

From these countries, the language has spread to other parts of the world.

Separated text. Used for longer quotations.

Page 11: What is Writing? · – Ch1: Introduction – Ch2: Survey (background) – Ch3: Study – Ch4: Results – Ch5: Conclusion – References – Appendices Synthesis – Your own words

06/11/2014 APS - Research 11

Citations (quotations) and References

Let us consider English in Europe. Wiki [1] states that “The English language in Europe, as a native language, is mainly spoken in

the United Kingdom and Ireland. Outside of these states, it has a special status in Jersey and Guernsey (two of the three Crown Dependencies), Gibraltar (one of the British overseas territories), Malta and Cyprus (two former British colonies). In other parts of Europe, English is spoken mainly by those who have learned it as a second language, but also, to a lesser extent, natively by expatriates from the English speaking world.

The English language is the official language of Gibraltar and one of the official languages of Ireland, Scotland, Wales, the Isle of Man, Malta, Jersey, Guernsey and the European Union.”

From these countries, the language has spread to other parts of the world. Separated text. Indented. Used for longer quotations.

Page 12: What is Writing? · – Ch1: Introduction – Ch2: Survey (background) – Ch3: Study – Ch4: Results – Ch5: Conclusion – References – Appendices Synthesis – Your own words

06/11/2014 APS - Research 12

Misquotation! Plagiarism!

“The English language in Europe, as a national language, is mostly spoken in the United Kingdom and Ireland. In other states, it has a special status in Jersey and Guernsey (two of the three Crown Dependencies), Gibraltar (one of the British overseas territories), Malta and Cyprus (two former British colonies). In the rest of Europe, English is used mainly by those who have learned it as a second language, but also, to a lesser extent, natively by expatriates from the United Kingdom.

The English language is an official language of Gibraltar and one of the official languages of Ireland, Scotland, Wales, the Isle of Man, Malta, Jersey, Guernsey and the European Union.”

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language_in_Europe

Page 13: What is Writing? · – Ch1: Introduction – Ch2: Survey (background) – Ch3: Study – Ch4: Results – Ch5: Conclusion – References – Appendices Synthesis – Your own words

06/11/2014 APS - Research 13

Misquotation! Plagiarism!

The English language in Europe, as a national language, is mostly spoken in the United Kingdom and Ireland. In other states, it has a special status in Jersey and Guernsey (two of the three Crown Dependencies), Gibraltar (one of the British overseas territories), Malta and Cyprus (two former British colonies). In the rest of Europe, English is used mainly by those who have learned it as a second language, but also, to a lesser extent, natively by expatriates from the United Kingdom.

The English language is an official language of Gibraltar and one of the official languages of Ireland, Scotland, Wales, the Isle of Man, Malta, Jersey, Guernsey and the European Union.

NO QUOTATION MARKS AND NO SOURCE!!!!!

Page 14: What is Writing? · – Ch1: Introduction – Ch2: Survey (background) – Ch3: Study – Ch4: Results – Ch5: Conclusion – References – Appendices Synthesis – Your own words

06/11/2014 APS - Research 14

Plagiarism & URKUND

URKUND is a tool used by many departments within the University to detect plagiarism! – Copying of text without references – Copying of text without quotation marks – Copying and changing of text

You may be reported to the University Discipline Committee when found out!

Page 15: What is Writing? · – Ch1: Introduction – Ch2: Survey (background) – Ch3: Study – Ch4: Results – Ch5: Conclusion – References – Appendices Synthesis – Your own words

06/11/2014 APS - Research 15

Paraphrasing

The text is in your own words You still need to give a reference According to Wiki [1], English is mainly

spoken as a native language in the UK and Ireland. Outside of these areas the language is also used in …

Page 16: What is Writing? · – Ch1: Introduction – Ch2: Survey (background) – Ch3: Study – Ch4: Results – Ch5: Conclusion – References – Appendices Synthesis – Your own words

06/11/2014 APS - Research 16

This is NOT paraphrasing!

The English language in Europe, as a national language, is mostly spoken in the United Kingdom and Ireland. In other states, it has a special status in Jersey and Guernsey (two of the three Crown Dependencies), Gibraltar (one of the British overseas territories), Malta and Cyprus (two former British colonies). In the rest of Europe, English is used mainly by those who have learned it as a second language, but also, to a lesser extent, natively by expatriates from the United Kingdom.

The English language is an official language of Gibraltar and one of the official languages of Ireland, Scotland, Wales, the Isle of Man, Malta, Jersey, Guernsey and the European Union.

NO QUOTATION MARKS AND NO SOURCE!!!!! A few words changed!

Page 17: What is Writing? · – Ch1: Introduction – Ch2: Survey (background) – Ch3: Study – Ch4: Results – Ch5: Conclusion – References – Appendices Synthesis – Your own words

06/11/2014 APS - Research 17

Summarising

The text is in your own words You still need to give a reference According to Wiki [1], the English language

is native to the UK and Ireland but is also used in Jersey, Guernsey, Gibraltar, Malta and Cyprus and is an official language of the EU.

Page 18: What is Writing? · – Ch1: Introduction – Ch2: Survey (background) – Ch3: Study – Ch4: Results – Ch5: Conclusion – References – Appendices Synthesis – Your own words

06/11/2014 APS - Research 18

Sources – find your tradition

Smith [1] presents important ideas… Smith1 presents important ideas… Smith [Smith 89] presents important ideas…

Check with your department Get help from the library Look at other dissertations for example

Page 19: What is Writing? · – Ch1: Introduction – Ch2: Survey (background) – Ch3: Study – Ch4: Results – Ch5: Conclusion – References – Appendices Synthesis – Your own words

06/11/2014 APS - Research 19

References – find your tradition

[1] Smith A.P., Towards a theory of Everything, (CUP 1989)

[Smith 89] Smith A.P., Towards a theory of Everything, (CUP 1989)

Check with your department Get help from the library Look at other dissertations for example

Page 20: What is Writing? · – Ch1: Introduction – Ch2: Survey (background) – Ch3: Study – Ch4: Results – Ch5: Conclusion – References – Appendices Synthesis – Your own words

06/11/2014 APS - Research 20

Karlstad University Library

Referencing – see http://www.kau.se/en/library/referencing

Internet References – see http://www.kau.se/sites/default/files/Dokument/subpage/2010/09/harvard_engelska_2010_novx_pdf_71388.pdf

Plagiarism – see http://www.bi.hik.se/Refero_eng/1intro.php

Page 21: What is Writing? · – Ch1: Introduction – Ch2: Survey (background) – Ch3: Study – Ch4: Results – Ch5: Conclusion – References – Appendices Synthesis – Your own words

06/11/2014 APS - Research 21

Writing Style(s)

Who did this? I do not know – it was not me! Who did this? I don’t know – it wasn’t me! Wha did this? Ah dinnae ken – it wisnae me!

Je ne sais pas! formal Je sais pas! informal Chais pas moi! dialect / street

Page 22: What is Writing? · – Ch1: Introduction – Ch2: Survey (background) – Ch3: Study – Ch4: Results – Ch5: Conclusion – References – Appendices Synthesis – Your own words

06/11/2014 APS - Research 22

Summary

Thinking Tool – Write / revise / rewrite

Your own words + Other ideas (give sources)

– Quotation – Paraphrase – Summary

Organisation – Abstract / TOC – Introduction – Survey – Study – Results – Conclusions – References & Apps


Recommended