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Page 1: What is an alternating current (AC)? What is an AC generator? What is an AC transformer? How to calculate a transformer’s expected step-up or step-down

• What is an alternating current (AC)?

• What is an AC generator?

• What is an AC transformer?

• How to calculate a transformer’s expected step-up or step-down AC voltage?

ES Lesson 7: AC electricity

© 2012 C. Rightmyer, Licensed under The MIT OSI License, 20 July 2012

Page 2: What is an alternating current (AC)? What is an AC generator? What is an AC transformer? How to calculate a transformer’s expected step-up or step-down

The magnetic field generated by a coil of wire that has a current flowing through it.

Electricity and Magnetism, Gareth Stevens Publishing, Steve Parker, 2007

Page 3: What is an alternating current (AC)? What is an AC generator? What is an AC transformer? How to calculate a transformer’s expected step-up or step-down

A compressed coil of wire with a current passing through it acts just like a button magnet.

[Intro to College Physics, Appleton-Century-Crofts, R.D. Rusk, 1960]

Page 4: What is an alternating current (AC)? What is an AC generator? What is an AC transformer? How to calculate a transformer’s expected step-up or step-down

ES demo 7-1. A moving magnetic field inside a coil of wire induces current in that coil.

Make: Electronics, O’reilly [Publishing], Charles Platt, 2009

BE demo 1-2

Page 5: What is an alternating current (AC)? What is an AC generator? What is an AC transformer? How to calculate a transformer’s expected step-up or step-down

How does an AC generator work?

Page 6: What is an alternating current (AC)? What is an AC generator? What is an AC transformer? How to calculate a transformer’s expected step-up or step-down

Continuous slip rings required to connect current to the load.

[Intro to College Physics, Appleton-Century-Crofts, R.D. Rusk, 1960]

Page 7: What is an alternating current (AC)? What is an AC generator? What is an AC transformer? How to calculate a transformer’s expected step-up or step-down

Direction and amplitude of generated voltage

7IQT Corporation, Electric Pizza, An in house course, 2010

Page 8: What is an alternating current (AC)? What is an AC generator? What is an AC transformer? How to calculate a transformer’s expected step-up or step-down

Electrical power delivery system

Electricity and Magnetism, Gareth Stevens Publishing, Steve Parker, 2007

Page 9: What is an alternating current (AC)? What is an AC generator? What is an AC transformer? How to calculate a transformer’s expected step-up or step-down

Direction and amplitude of the generated current

[Intro to College Physics, Appleton-Century-Crofts, R.D. Rusk, 1960]

Page 10: What is an alternating current (AC)? What is an AC generator? What is an AC transformer? How to calculate a transformer’s expected step-up or step-down

How’d those electrons get into your outlet?

Page 11: What is an alternating current (AC)? What is an AC generator? What is an AC transformer? How to calculate a transformer’s expected step-up or step-down

ES demo 7-2. Use a toy generator to produce AC and DC voltages. Display output using a multimeter and oscilloscope.

BE demo 7-1

Page 12: What is an alternating current (AC)? What is an AC generator? What is an AC transformer? How to calculate a transformer’s expected step-up or step-down

ES demo 7-3. Transformer operation using two AC voltmeters and an oscilloscope.

~ 1000 turns

~ 142 turns

AC VOM

120 Volts AC

AC VOM

~ 17 Volts AC

Oscilloscope

AC Sine Wave

1 Megohmresistor

BE demo 1-4

Page 13: What is an alternating current (AC)? What is an AC generator? What is an AC transformer? How to calculate a transformer’s expected step-up or step-down

Output on the secondary coil Output on the secondary coil depends on input voltage and turns ratio

(Vs) = Vp (Ns / Np)

where:

Vs = voltage in secondary

Vp = voltage in primary

Ns = number turns in secondary

Np = number turns in primary

Page 14: What is an alternating current (AC)? What is an AC generator? What is an AC transformer? How to calculate a transformer’s expected step-up or step-down

Back up charts

Page 15: What is an alternating current (AC)? What is an AC generator? What is an AC transformer? How to calculate a transformer’s expected step-up or step-down

Fields associated with different shaped magnets

[Intro to College Physics, Appleton-Century-Crofts, R.D. Rusk, 1960]

[A.O.Smith:The AC's and DC's of Electric Motors]

Page 16: What is an alternating current (AC)? What is an AC generator? What is an AC transformer? How to calculate a transformer’s expected step-up or step-down

Mutual coupling between electromagnetic fields

[Intro to College Physics, Appleton-Century-Crofts, R.D. Rusk, 1960]

(a) strong coupling

(b) no coupling

(c) weak coupling

Page 17: What is an alternating current (AC)? What is an AC generator? What is an AC transformer? How to calculate a transformer’s expected step-up or step-down

One way to measure input and output currents

LED

VOM

Amps

VOM

Amps

ACGenerator

(Volts)

Page 18: What is an alternating current (AC)? What is an AC generator? What is an AC transformer? How to calculate a transformer’s expected step-up or step-down

Constructing a transformer with a circular magnet

Page 19: What is an alternating current (AC)? What is an AC generator? What is an AC transformer? How to calculate a transformer’s expected step-up or step-down

Second method for measuring the currents

Light

VOM

V ac

VOM

V ac

ACGenerator

(Volts)


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