WFP FOOD FOR THOUGHT
-a 25 years march in Odisha
a report prepared by
(Society of Retired Forest Officers, Odisha)
Shri Bijay Ketan Patnaik, IFS (Retd.)
Shri Bishnu Charan Pal, IFS (Retd.)
Shri Satya Narayan Bohidar, IFS (Retd.)
Shri Pramod Kumar Sarangi, IFS (Retd.)
Project DirectorWorld Food Programme-cum-Odisha Bamboo Development Agency
(Forest & Environment Department, Govt. of Odisha)Prakruti Bhawan, BDA Apartments, 4th Floor, Nilakantha Nagar, Nayapalli
Bhubaneswar - 751012, Phone: +91 (674) 2565344, Fax: +91 (674) 2565345, Mobile: +91 9437065344 Email : [email protected], Website : www.orissabamboo.org
Acknowledgments
In the outset the authors extend their sincere thanks to Sri Sushil Kumar Popli, IFS, the
then Project Director and Sri Pravakar Behera, Project Director, WFP cum State Mission
Director, Odisha Bamboo Development Agency, Odisha, Bhubaneswar for entrusting the
present assignment and providing valuable data required for completing the document.
The authors are also thankful to the Executive body of SORFO, for their faith and
confidence on the team consisting of Sarbasri B.K.Patnaik IFS (Retd.)(Teamleader), B.C.Pal
IFS(Retd), S.N.Bohidar IFS(Retd.) and P.K.Sarangi IFS(Retd.) to undertake the present task.
The authors are immensely indebted to the Regional CCFs of Bhawanipatna, Koraput ,
Berhampur and Baripada Circles and the DFOs and Staff of Kalahandi(N), Kalahandi(S),
Phulbani, Rayagada, Koraput, Nawarangapur, Jeypur, Baripada, Karanjia Divisions and the
DFO and staff of Phulbani KL Division for providing excellent cooperation during the field
visit.
In addition the authors extend their hearty thanks to Sri Trinath Patnaik RO, Phulbani
and Sri Kamala Kanta Das RO, Tikabali for their keen interest in the project activities.
Thanks are also due to the implementing NGOs like SAMBANDH (Mayurbhanj), DAPTA
(Kalahandi) & WORD (Koraput) for the excellent work carried out in the Project Villages.
The authors feel amply satisfied and express their gratitude for the sincere interest and
untiring help rendered by Sri Aditya Narayan Mishra and Asit Kumar Misra Foresters
deployed in WFP Organization.
Finally the authors express their sincere thanks to all those who have worked hard for
making the WFP Project work a success.
B.K. Patnaik
B.C. Pal
S.N. Bohidar
P.K. Sarangi
Raj Kumar Sharma, I.A.S.Principal Secretary
Forest & Environment Department
Tel (Off.) 0674-25368222322947
Res : 0674-2536050Fax : 0674-2395820E-mail : [email protected]
Bhubaneswar
DO. No. PSF&E
Date :
M E S S A G E
It gives me pleasure to know that the World Food Programme has
documented their past activities and successful interventions in Odisha.
The interventions of World Food Programme have already effected
perceptible positive changes in the lives of rural people particularly in
tribal and backward districts in the State.
The compiled Report “WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT’ has brought
out some successful interventions in promoting livelihood opportunities
and access to food security in rural sector.
While appreciating the work done, I hope the Programme will
continue to strive for welfare of the people of the State in future.
(R.K. Sharma)
Shri J.D. Sharma, IFS,
PRINCIPAL CCF, ODISHA
OFFICE OF THE PRINCIPAL CCF &HEAD OF FOREST FORCE, ODISHA,ARANYA BHAWAN,CHANDRASEKHARPUR,BHUBANESWAR-751023Ph. - 0674-2300853, Fax : 0674-2300049email : [email protected]
(J. D. Sharma)Principal CCF, Odisha
MESSAGE
Food is the basic need of individuals. Food security for the
individuals/families play the most vital role for development of Nation.
After independence, our country had to face several problems for its survival
and therefore proper attention could not be given for food production. As a result
large chunk of the population remained below poverty line and were either starving
or half fed. This scenario was similar to other under developed countries of the world.
Green revolution in India could bridge the gap of food requirement and
production to some extent. But still the gap was very large.
In order to address the food insecurity scenario of the world, the United
Nations created a branch, “World Food Programme” in the year 1963.
The World Food programme extended it support to Odisha Forest
Department in the year 1986 and continued its support till 2008 in three phases.
During this period total food commodity support was 1,34,198 Metric Tons.
With the voluntary contribution of the beneficiaries, an amount of Rs. 487.15
millions was generated. This generated fund has been utilized for various activities
particularly in Tribal Tracts of Odisha. These activities included Forest
Development, Infrastructure Development and income generation activities for both
community and individuals.
It has been observed that, most of these activities has yielded positive result
and are readily accepted by people in general and Tribals in particular, I am happy
that, these activities are now documented which will be kept as a record for future.
I hope, this document will serve very useful purpose for all the stakeholders
including researchers.
Shri Hari Shankar Upadhyay, IFSProject Director, World Food Programme-cum-State Mission Director, Odisha Bamboo Development Agency Bhubaneswar, Odisha.
MESSAGEFood security is vital for an individual to be healthy and lead an active life. Hunger
and malnutrition are in fact the number one risk to health worldwide — greater than AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis combined. To mitigate the problem of food insecurity globally, United Nations launched World Food Programme (WFP) in 1963. Fortunately this problem is solvable as there is enough food to feed everybody.
Odisha, though rich in natural resources and having fairly comfortable food availability, is ranked among the poorest states of the country and placed in the category of the "severely food insecure" regions.
Indigenous tribal population constitute about 23 percent of the population of the state. About 20% to 50% of their household income comes from the non-timber forest produce (Source-Human Development Report, 0disha-2004). As forests have gradually degraded over period of time this income is under severe pressure.
WFP extended its support to Department of Forest & Environment to run food-for- work programme between 1986 to 2008 in three phases and provided 11.25 lakh tons of Rice, 6.37 thousand tons of wheat, 10.16 thousand tons of pulses and 5.164 thousand tons of oil for this purpose.
Besides, improving food security, the programme generated Rs.487.25 million as Welfare Fund which were utilized for various individual & community development schemes.
Forest Department, with its unparallel reach to farthest corner, distributed the food items near the work site, thereby making it available to the needy along with employment opportunity to earn it.
Things have improved a lot since then. Now State Govt is providing rice at Rs 1 a kg to the poor people. Impending Food security Bill/Act is going to legally ensure availability of food to all poor families at very subsidized price.
The Society of Retired Forest Officers, Odisha (SORFO) has prepared this document on the overall working of this project in the State. I hope this would be helpful for future reference and guidance.
Hari Shankar Upadhyay
Fig
htin
g H
unge
r W
orld
wid
e
Michael Jensen,Country Director, a.i.
On behalf of the World Food Programme (WFP), I am very pleased to welcome this
publication which the Forests & Environment Department, Government of Odisha
(GoO) is now bringing out. WFP is proud to have been associated with these joint
activities over the last 25 years, which has brought about tangible improvement for
the livelihoods of the tribal population in the State.
The contents of the book testifies to the impact of the successful joint initiatives of
the WFP and the GoO, aimed at equipping vulnerable communities with skills and
support systems, that not only took care of their immediate food needs but also pro-
vided individual and community assets to them for long-term development. The
concept of micro and sectoral planning developed as part of the Food for Work
initiative proved immensely beneficial and have been replicated in many ongoing
developmental projects today
The book also offers an account of the success stories from the field point to the
efficacy of people-led programmes towards food and nutritional security that
focus on intra-household dimensions and gender parameters of hunger.
1 sincerely hope that this publication will serve as a motivational push and provide
sufficient 'food for thought' to its readers.
With kind regards
Michael Jensen,Country Director, a.i.
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
Food Security Scenario in Odisha
C H A P T E R - I
Since the last part of
twentieth century, the
elimination of hunger and
f o o d i n s e c u r i t y h a s
remained in the focus of
most global and national
debates. At the World
Food Summit held in
Rome in 1996, food
security was defined as “Access by all people, at all times, to enough quantities of nutritionally
adequate and safe food for an active and healthy life”.
Food security is not guaranteed merely by adequate food grain production or even by food
availability. It is more fundamentally linked to effective access to food, both physically and
economically. Broadly speaking, livelihood security and livelihood access are important determinants
of food access. According to M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, “If people have access to
livelihood, they would in general have access to food and nutrition. Those who are unemployed,
employed on casual basis or underemployed, would have limited access to food.” Further even the
ability to buy food will not guarantee food security unless there is an effective delivery system ensuring
physically access to food.
Lack of one or more of these components leads to food insecurity
which is defined as “limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally
adequate and safe foods or limited or uncertain ability to acquire food in
socially acceptable ways”. Food insecurity could lead to a cycle of
malnutrition, deficiency, disease, poor food absorption and heightened
food insecurity.
There are a number of indicators that influence food insecurity in one way
or the other. These indicators have been combined into a set of three broad food security indices
(three As)
i) Production factors, influencing Availability
7
NTFP Collection by Tribals ofKandhamal
ii) Household and individual Access to food
iii) Ability to Absorb food
Despite a substantial increase in food grain production
since independence, India is still classified by the Food &
Agricultural Organisation (FAO) as a low income, food deficit
country. Around 35 percent of its population i.e. roughly 320
million is considered food insecure, consuming less than 80
percent of minimum energy requirement. Most vulnerable to
mal nutrition are those living in states prone to natural disasters, and in areas where there is rapid
degradation of natural resources. (Source:Food Security Atlas)
In context to State of Odisha, a combination of economic, social, ecological and institutional
factors contribute to food insecurity. Because of high incidence of poverty, income disparity,
inadequate employment opportunity in lean season and a large tribal population living in remote
areas with poor connectivity coupled with periodic occurrence of drought & flood, Odisha has been put
in the category of severely food insecure regions. It has been pointed out that severe food insecurity in
Odisha is primarily due to the presence of vulnerable rural population who are basically Schedule
Caste & Schedule Tribe with poor and marginal livelihood assets or livelihood susceptible to natural
disasters.
Odisha is one of the major states of the Indian Union with
population of 36.81 million as per 2001 census. About 23
percent of the population comprises indigenous tribal
population, mostly concentrated in the northwestern and
southwestern districts. Sundargarh, Keonjhar & Mayurbhanj
districts account for 35.3% & undivided district of Koraput,
Kalahandi, Phulbani & Bolangir account for another 39.4% of
state tribal population. Their traditional practices using
natural resources like land, water and forest as a means of
livelihood support are becoming gradually inadequate for their
needs. Due to degradation of forests, supplies of non timber
forest products (NTFP) have reduced adversely affecting
household income. They rank abysmally low in respect of most
human development indicators, and are a socially and
politically marginalized community.
About 20% to 50% of the tribal household income per
annum comes from non-timber forest produce (Source-Human Development Report Odisha - 2004).
With incomes insufficient to buy food, many of the households are in debts and are in food-insecure
category. Similar is the fate of scheduled castes that constitutes a little more than 16% of the State
population. Unlike the tribal population they are mostly concentrated in the four (undivided) coastal
districts of Balalsore, Cuttack, Ganjam and Puri. Odisha ranks 11th on Human Development Index for
major states of India. [Source - National Human Development Report - 2001)
8
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
Overwhelmingly, these two groups of people are landless or functionally landless. These groups
often live in isolated rural areas and have little access to mainstream development.The process of
modernization has largely marginalized them in economic terms, thereby further threatening their
livelihood security.
A study conducted in four districts of Odisha by World Food Programme during 2002 provide
ethno-graphic insight into 'coping strategies' of food insecure households during times of acute or
chronic food insecurity. These strategies include,
- Limiting the frequency and quantity: The villagers usually reduce the frequency and
quantity of meals during crisis periods.
- Borrowing either food or money to buy food: It is a common practice not only during crisis
time, but also in normal periods.
- Change in consumption pattern: Procurement from nature like wild tubers to leafy
vegetables increases; even the consumption pattern of the people with regard to expenses
on food and non food items also undergoes changes during crisis period.
- Maternal buffering: (the practice of a mother deliberately limiting her food intake in order
to ensure that her children get enough to eat).
Thus the best option to counter the food insecurity would undoubtedly be to go for,
- Subsidized distribution of food grains, through strengthened Public
Distribution System.
- Nutrition provisioning through Anganwadis / Mid-day meals
- Food for work programme
Against the background, the
Govt. have taken various initiatives to
reach to the poorest of poor to improve
their livelihood and provide required
food security. One such intervention has
been the World Food Programme (WFP).
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
9
10
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
World Food Programmein India
C H A P T E R - II
The World Food Programme (WFP), founded in 1963 as the food aid arm of United Nations, is the
World's largest international food aid organization, present in more than 80 countries. It is guided by
the 1996 Rome Declaration on World Food Security and is committed to reduce the number of people
without access to food by 50 percent by 2015. [Source - Reducing Hunger - WFP Country Programme
Report 1997-2002) The motto of WFP organization is "A world in which every man, women and child
has access at all times to the food needed for an active and healthy life. Without food, there can be no
sustainable peace, no democracy and no development.”
In fact, WFP has been doing a soul search in its keenness to provide the most appropriate
intervention to enhance food security of the poor & vulnerable sections of the society. Where people
have no access to food, and where people are poor, hungry & malnourished, WFP offers most direct
intervention "food" through food for work programme. Among these vulnerable groups, WFP also
pays particular attention to the needs of women & children.
Reduce chronic hunger and under nutrition everywhere.
Strengthen the capacity of countries to reduce hunger.
Save lives and protect livelihoods in emergencies.
Prepare for emergencies.
Restore and rebuild lives after emergencies.
Objectives of WFP are five fold.
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Despite a substantial increase in food grain
production, India is still classified by the Food and
Agriculture Organization (F.A.O.) as a low income, food-
deficit country as nearly half of the world's hungry reside
in India. It was one of the targeted countries adopted by
World Food Programme.
Over the years, WFP has provided more than 1 billion
US dollar in food and development assistance to India and supported more than 70 projects in India,
which included supplementary feeding and support for forestry, livestock, diary development,
irrigation and rural development activities. (Source - Reducing Hunger - Country Programme Report - 1997-2002)
This assistance has been channeled mainly through:
Food for Work:
Food for Life:
WFP promoted long term self-reliance through food-
for-work in labour intensive work programmes. It aimed
at improving food security of people, particularly
schedule caste & schedule tribe groups, dwelling in the
interior forest areas. The programme was implemented
in the States of Jharkhand, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh,
Chhatisgarh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and
Uttaranchal. Food rations were provided to daily wage
workers engaged in Forest Department development
activities. This activity took place in the context of the
Joint Forest Management (JFM) approach introduced by the Government. The WFP intervention also
generated funds as a result of the cash recovery from the forest workers' wage bill. These funds were
used for the creation of community assets, village development and further empowering people
through a participatory planning approach.
WFP is committed to mitigating and preventing emergencies and their
consequences on human life like famine related death, starvation and
nutrition deficiencies. To sustain victims of disasters, WFP responded
to natural disasters, be it drought in Rajasthan, floods in Madhya
Pradesh, West Bengal and Assam, Cyclone in Odisha or earthquake in
Gujarat. The flexibility within the programme has allowed WFP to
accelerate its activities to meet the urgent food needs resulting from
natural disasters. In the case of the super cyclone in Odisha, during
October 1999 and the earthquake in Gujarat in 2001, WFP established
a network of Government and NGO partners to assist in the
distribution of rice, pulses, oil and Indiamix /Corn Soya Blend (CSB).
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
11
Food for Growth:
WFP targets needy people at the most critical times of their lives: children, adolescent girl child,
breast-feeding and pregnant women. Food aid is used as a preventive care. For this, WFP's India
country programme concentrated on food for education, nutritional support for women and children
and food security in tribal and natural disaster prone areas. Among the vulnerable groups, highest
priority was attached to women living in the most food-insecure districts of the least developed states
in India. WFP adopted an area-based strategy that could effectively address the weaknesses in the
local-level delivery of food assistance programme.
However, the major direct assistance of WFP has been through "Food for Work" programme
which has been carried out through the State Forest Department. Biggest advantage of this was the
availability of good quality food near the worksite, thereby reducing travel cost & time and making food
more accessible to the needy people.
12
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
C H A P T E R - III
Food for Work Programme
The state of Odisha comprises of 4.74 percent of India's land-
mass and 36.81 million people [2001 census]. The state's population
account for 3.57 percent of the population of the country. Nearly 85
percent of Odisha's population live in rural areas. As per Economic
Survey carried out by Govt. of Odisha in 2003-04, the Scheduled Caste
(SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) population comprised 16.53 and 22.13
percent respectively of the total population of the state. About 45
percent of the geographical area of the state has been declared as
scheduled area.
Although endowed with rich natural resources, Odisha is ranked
among the poorest states of the country. The estimate made by the
Modified Expert Group of the Planning Commission during 2004-05
has calculated that in the State of Odisha below poverty line (BPL)
population is of 66.23 percent which is the highest in the country.
Odisha's poverty ratio is 46.8 which is far higher than the national average of 26.1 percent. The per
capita income in Odisha is one of the lowest among 17 major states. [Source - Food Security Atlas of
Rural Odisha] The poverty is more concentrated in rural areas. Apart from divergence between rural
and urban poverty, the former being much higher; great difference in the poverty scenario manifests
more glaringly among backward classes, SC/ST groups both in rural as well as urban areas. Their
traditional practices of using natural resources for
sustenance & livelihood are heavily dependent on
forest. As forests have gradually degraded over the
period of time, there was a felt need to create an
enabling environment for the poor forest dwellers of
Odisha, engaged in forest activities, and dependant
on the forest for their survival; so that they could
overcome the vulnerable position of food insecurity.
Though food availability in Odisha is fairly
comfortable, yet food insecurity is chronic and the
state has been placed in the category of the "severely
food insecure" regions. The map showing district
wise food security status is shown below.
Food Distribution, Koraput Range
Food Distribution, Talalimika Range
Food Security Outcome of Rural Odisha
Food Security Outcome IndexSecure (0.711-0.830)
Moderately Secure (0.593-0711)
Moderately Insecure (0.474-0.593)
Severely Insecure (0.356-0.474)
Extremely Insecure (0.237-0.356)
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
13
Status of districts of Odisha as per Food Security Outcome Index (FSOI)
Secure
Jharsuguda
Extremely Insecure
Nuapada
Rayagada
Gajapati
Malkangiri
Kandhamal
Severely Insecure
Bolangir
Nabarangpur
Jajpur
Sambalpur
Sonepur
Sundargarh
Keonjhar
Bhadark
Bargarh
Boudh
Kalahandi
Ganjam
Koraput
Moderately Insecure
Dhenkanal
Mayurbhanj
Puri
Kendrapara
Deogarh
Angul
Moderately Secure
Nayagarh
Cuttack
Jagatsinghpur
Balasore
(Sorce - Food Security Atlas of Rural Odisha - UNWFP)
A regional analysis of the Food Security Outcome
Index (FSOI) presents an interesting picture. All the eight
districts in the Eastern Ghat Region and most of the
Central Table Land lie in the most food insecure category.
These are the districts that have a higher proportion of
forest and tribal population. The coastal planes are
relatively better off with only 4 of 11 districts lying in this
category.
Host of factors like over exploitation, shifting
cultivation in the near past among some of the major tribes, like Kutia-Kondhs and Dangaria-Kondhs of
undivided Koraput & Phulbani districts, the Koya of Kalahandi and the Bonda of Malkangiri district,
Juang and Paudi-Bhuyans of Keonjhar districts, has led to massive destruction of vegetation on hill tops
and hill slopes and subsequent complete loss of vegetation in these lands. Ever expanding agriculture,
urbanization, industrialization & other biotic factors have contributed to sizeable loss to both forest
cover and biodiversity, thereby affecting the productivity of the natural resources and livelihood
security of forest dwelling communities
Having understood this intrinsic relationship between existence of sound forest cover and socio-
economic well being of the forest dwellers many curative & preventive measures were taken up. One
such intervention has been "Food for Work" programme under WFP wherein assistance has been
channelized through the ongoing forest development programmes of the state to benefit the
underprivileged population depending upon rapidly decreasing forest wealth.
Podu cultivation in Koraput
14
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
This has been achieved through.
(a) the provision of a wage supplement in the form of food which improved the food supply for
the workers families and (b) the establishment of a WFP Fund from cash wage deductions made in return for WFP family
ration unit (coined as WFP Generated Fund) which was used for taking up additional
employment and income generating schemes in forestry sectors and in social & economic
development of tribal forestry workers.
This programme, beginning in the year 1986, was implemented in three phases by the
Department of Forest & Environment of Govt. of Odisha through its DFOs, Odisha Forest Corporation
Ltd., Odisha Plantation Development Corporation Ltd. and Similipahar Forest Development
Corporation Ltd. Later on these three Forest Development Corporation merged with Odisha Forest
Corporation Ltd. which was renamed as Odisha Forest Development Corporation Ltd.
An operational contract coined as "Project 2685" was framed and signed in 1986 and the World
Food Programme (WFP) was launched in Odisha covering the whole state (all 13 districts of the state
existing at that time) with more focus on the chronic distressed areas where labour employment
opportunities needed to be created through various forestry schemes. Some of these areas of the
districts where WFP work was to be concentrated on a priority basis are indicated below.
PHASE-1(1986-1996)
District
Kalahandi
Balangir
Phulbani
Ganjam
Koraput
Puri
Cuttack
Balasore
Dhenkanal
Mayurbhanj
Keonjhar
Sambalpur
Sundergarh
Areas of the district where WFP work was concentrated on a priority basis
Entire area
Titilagarh and Patnagarh
Sadar and Balliguda sub-division
Chikiti and Agency areas of Ganjam
Nawarangpur and Kasipur
Daspalla and Gania
Narasinghpur
Nilagiri and Raibania
Pallahara, Hindol and Athmallik
Thakurmunda
Bhuinyapirha, Juangpirah
Naktideul, Padampur, Paikamal
Himagiri
In the first phase (Project 2685), WFP assistance was
used with an objective of reducing food insecurity of forest
dwelling communities by providing wage supplement in the
form of food support to families engaged in forestry work.
One food unit per manday per family, consisting of 2.5 kg of
rice/wheat; 200 gms of pulses and 200 gms of vegetable oil,
was provided to each forest worker's family, working in
plantation programme, kenduleaf binding, bamboo
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
15
harvesting and other forest related labour intensive programmes against a voluntary contribution of a
part of their wage, representing 40 percent of their wage or 50 percent of the value of the ration (as per st the public distribution system prices) whichever was lower. (Source - 1 phase plan of operation)
The wage deduction (contribution) varied from Rs 3/ to Rs 6/ during the course of the
programme whereas the market price of each food unit varied between Rs 20/ to Rs 30/. Thus the food
units provided significant additional support to the families. Additionally the WFP fund generated in
the process was used for infrastructure development, creation of community assets, health &
sanitation, education, safe drinking water and natural resource management (soil & moisture
conservation, forest activities which further provide livelihood security in the long run).
Abstract for Phase – I
Organization
Territorial
Affn/Plantation
SFDC
Kendu leaf
OFDC Ltd.
Wildlife
Others
Total
Wheat in MT
1,249.451
1,168.236
119.294
588.059
3,064.869
151.986
26.105
6,368.000
Rice in MT
8,765.400
7,483.039
836.410
10,931.990
19,398.089
1,113.384
324.688
48,853.000
Oil in MT
924.219
842.000
92.464
1,043.024
1,986.322
116.718
30.253
5,035.000
Pulses in MT
985.628
849.345
91.031
1,120.295
2,151.595
122.249
34.857
5,355.000
The man-days generated during phase I were 1, 95, 41,200.
With progress of time, the need of the vulnerable forest dwelling population began to show
signs of change. Although access to some communities was created by improving infrastructure and
repairing forest roads to their villages and food security was ensured through work generated in
forestry activities; yet it was observed that the marginal land holdings of the rural people, mono-
cropping, rain fed agricultural practices, lack of alternative livelihood push them to migrate for
remaining part of the year.
It was realised that to improve individual household food
security in a more sustainable and self-reliant way,
development initiatives were required to strengthen and
broaden the resource base of the communities concerned.
Initiatives to improve their agricultural productivity, increase
the availability of forest resources and to provide benefit from
alternative sources of income were needed. With this in mind
2nd phase of the programme was launched in November 1996,
in the district inhabited predominantly by tribal & schedule
Phase II (1996-2003)
16
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
caste communities who represent the most disadvantage segments of the population in the state. This
phase which continued up to March 2003 was designated as Project 5569 and was implemented in 19
out of 30 districts. The districts covered were Phulbani, Boudh, Sundergarh, Kalahandi, Nuapada,
Mayurbhanj, Koraput, Raygada, Nabarangpur, Malkangiri, Sambalpur, Deogarh, Keonhjar, Balangir,
Dhenkanal, Angul, Bargarh, Jharsuguda, Sonepur.
In this phase distribution of oil in the food packet was dropped and 2.5kg Rice, 200gms of pulses
were distributed in one unit ration with voluntary contribution amount of Rs 9/-. Unlike in the past, all
workers employed in targeted activities were eligible for family rations. This change from the previous
policy was intended to benefit mainly women who normally participate in forestry working along with
their male family members. This was obviously bound to have increased impact on household food
security.
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
Abstract for Phase – II
Organization
Territorial
Kenduleaf Affn./Plnt Paper Mill
NGO & Others
OFDC Ltd. Wild life
Total 41,612.3524
18,930.3827
Rice in MT
7,669.8939
2,314.6685
7,035.7795
2,233.6935
3,419.9343
8.0000
Oil in MT
28.7006
12.0515 -
82.3995 -
6.3204 -
129.4720
Pulses in MT
590.2063
1,369.3110
153.3078
678.9072
223.6037
264.0394
0.6400
3,280.0154
The total man-days generated during Phase-II were 1,66,44,800.
Besides, strengthening the food security situation of vulnerable households through
distribution of food ration and carrying out activities like development of kitchen garden, fruit
orchards, enhancement of agricultural production by provision of irrigation facility some unique
income generation activities were introduced on the basis of integrated micro plan for individual
villages and sectoral plan for cluster of villages. The participatory village structures created under the
JFM policies of the state, in view of their acceptability and success, were adopted as the basis of these
tribal development sub programmes. The NGOs participation was also encouraged.
The criteria for selection of villages for inclusion in the programme were:
(i) high food insecurity and concentration of Scheduled Tribe:
(ii) high concentration of landless or functionally landless people;
(iii) willingness of the community to contribute to the implementation of activities
and the creation of assets;
(iv) high level of out-migration;
(v) remote forest-dependent communities with limited developmental activities
and existence of a registered active and motivated Village Forest Protection and
Management Committee, and
(vi) availability of NGOs and other village development group.
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
17
Preference, however, was given to those villages meeting the above criteria which had NGO and
other working village development groups. In the selected villages, micro plans were prepared with
the involvement of all stake holders though Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and demand driven
planning approach. One basic goal visualized in this phase, which is quite different from the previous
one, was to create an enabling environment for long term sustainable improvement in the target
group's food security and income. Further the village communities as well as the households were to
be empowered through participatory rural planning, execution & development. SHGs were created
and revolving funds were provided for Income Generation Activities (IGA). Agricultural Inputs were
given & irrigation facilities created besides making provision for grain banks & storage facilities. Adult
literacy also improved through Non-formal education programme.
The funds (voluntary contribution) generated while distributing the food grains of the quantity
shown in the table pre page were utilized to supplement government programmes and invested in the
schemes aimed at increasing community and individual self reliance, thereby paving the way for
sustainable food security for the poor people.
During preparation of micro plans, it was observed that the people in general
need exposure to new agricultural techniques and knowledge for enhancing
livelihood, capacity building, and training for woman, farmers and forest workers
apart from formalizing people into institutions like Self Help Groups [SHG], Joint
Forest Management Committees (JFMC), Van Sanrakshyan Samities [VSS], Village)
Development Committees (VDC] etc.
A mid-term policy review in 1999 revealed that the provision of seasonal short-term
employment though considerably below the needed level, provided food security to some extent only.
The programme also faltered in supporting long term food security implicit in the investment as the
generated funds were not being directed at the full/entire section of the population from where the
funds were generated.
Moreover towards end of the second phase of the programme, a fresh note quoting the
observation in planning commission report (1999/2000) was prepared. The report of the planning
commission indicated a poverty head count of 47 percent in the state. The per capita income was as
low as Rs 5,985/-. According to the 'Net State Domestic Product and Poverty Status (2004-2005)', the th th
state was 16 in rank as far as per capita income was concerned and 17 in rank with regard to the
poverty ratio. The poverty scenario, limited education and livelihood insecurity still had a negative
impact on food security (Source - Planning Commission Report - 1999-2000).
It was also found that 57 % population in the state suffered from chronic energy deficiencies as
against the national average of 37%. As already stated in the previous chapters, in the Food Security
Outcome Index, Western & Southern Odisha districts were found severely insecure and extremely
insecure districts respectively. The southern region itself accounted for 15 % of the extremely food
insecure population (FAO 2008). These districts having hilly terrains are inaccessible, have poor
PHASE-III (2003 -2008)
18
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
communication facilities and are mostly tribal populated. The rainfall in these areas is quite erratic,
resulting in uncertain crop production.
In this background, the 3rd phase of the World Food
Project coined as WFP activity No. IND-10107 started from April
2003 and continued up to March 2008. In this phase, the project
support was confined to six predominantly tribal dominated
districts such as Rayagada, Koraput, Nabarangpur, Malkangiri,
Kalahandi & Kandhamal. Though provision of food component
got terminated by March 2008, the developmental work under
generated fund continues till date and would be over in 2013.
The food unit in this phase consisted of 2.5 kgs of Rice and 200
gms of pulses and the voluntary cash contribution by way of
wage deduction was limited to Rs,9/-,
Abstract for Phase – III
Organization
Territorial
Kendu leaf
OPDC
OFDC Ltd. & others
Paper Mill
NGO & Others
Total
Rice in MT
14,889,8468
2,140.4926
446.6125
287.2544
3,764.0000
508.9605
22,037.1688
Pulses in MT
1,074.2604
169.7418
29.0432
18.7991
216.7000
19.82 88
1,528.3733
The mandays generated during this phase were 88,14,800 only.
The voluntary contribution amount generated was utilized for holistic development of the
village on micro-plan basis. This time a more qualitative intervention was proposed for a wholesome
and sustainable development of village.
The long term as well as immediate objectives of the 3rd phase, differing from that of second
phase, were as indicated below.
To improve the long term House-hold (HH) food security of the most disadvantaged people
through preservation and creation of assets like forest.
To mitigate the effects of disaster on the targeted population through preservation and creation
of assets as well as by building their capacities for managing their resources.
To develop & demonstrate implementation mechanisms, processes and models that can lead to
strengthening House-hold food security.
Long-term Objectives :
Ø
Ø
Ø
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
19
Ø
Immediate Objectives :
Ø
Ø
Ø
To improve programme effectiveness and benefits to the targeted population through synergetic
efforts with donor partners.
Enhanced livelihood base through forest regeneration and forest access to the targeted
population.
To meet immediate food needs of most-food insecure households in their efforts for developing
production assets.
Ensure greater empowerment of communities, especially women, through greater participation
in Food for Work activities and participation in management of assets/resources for sustainable
use.
Furthermore, at the district level greater synergy amongst food for work programme and food aid
carried out by line departments of Government such as midday meal programme for school children &
nutritional food programme for pregnant women through Anganwadi's was ensured with a view to
insulating the most-food insecure and vulnerable sections of the population from natural disasters
and improving their productive asset base. Forest regeneration and forest access enhanced livelihood
security of the target population and immediate food needs of most-food insecure households within
the operational area were met. Greater participation in food for work activities, empowerment of
communities, especially weaker group in management of resources and assets was very successful
and in a sustained way.
The total food grains distributed, man-days and funds generated during the three phases is depicted
below in graphical form.
20
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
C H A P T E R - IV
World Food Programme Interventions
Utilization of Generated Funds
The voluntary contribution deducted in lieu of food ration units was deposited in a special WFP
fund and kept in a separate interest bearing account.
The phase wise statistics is given below.
Phase Period Funds generated in
Million Rs.
Funds utilized in Million Rs.
1st Phase (Project 2685) April 1986 to 1996 157.46 157.46
2nd Phase (Project 5569) Nov. 1996 to March 2003 225.94 222.78
3rd Phase (Project 10107) April 2003 to March 2008 103.75 100.13
Total 487.15 480.37
The funds generated from voluntary contribution from labourers, in lieu of ration units given, was
proposed to be spent for their welfare, village development activities through micro plans and sectoral
plans and also in creating community assets, institution and in empowering people. Emphasis was st given on productive enhancement and natural resource development in the 1 phase, whereas more
nd stress was given on assets & Infrastructure creation during the 2 phase.
Micro Plan/ Sectoral Plan
Nearly 80 percent of fund generated was channelized for all-round development of the village as
per prescription of microplan. These micro-plans were prepared through a participatory process
where forest officials and beneficiaries sit together, discuss and
decide priority development activities within a village. WFP
encouraged formation of decision making groups at village level
such as: water user group, women's self help groups and forest
protection committees that have equal representation of
women. All microplan proposals were reviewed by committees
comprised of the Forest Department officials, WFP authorities,
NGOs, technical experts and groups representing needs of
women and children such as the Department of Women & Child
Development.
In many of the microplans the emphasis was on long term planning, such as plantation of forest
and horticulture species, enhancement of agriculture production and formation of Women Self Help
Groups for organized trading and marketing. Sectoral plans were also prepared to tackle specific
problems of cluster of villages. The plan prioritised the developmental need of each village in the
cluster.
Income generation activities for individual households like goatery, poultry, vegetable
cultivation, fruit orchard (cashew, mango and banana) etc. were taken up. Savings and Micro Credit
programme was launched in selected villages involving Women SHGs who in turn promoted various
income generation activities for individual households. Besides, measures were taken for Natural
Resource Management by creating check dams, water harvesting structures (WHS), irrigation canals,
dug wells, renovation of ponds, compost pits, lift irrigation points etc. This encouraged different
agricultural based activities in villages and improved productivity in course of time.
92 Villages of Semiliguda Pottangi and Laxmipur Blocks of Koraput dist. have been covered under
IIP (Inclusive Intervention Project). This pilot project was implemented through two NGOs. The
objective of the programme was to increase agricultural productivity in order to enhance short and
long term food security benefiting 2,646 families.
Integrated Microplan for individual Villages
Sectoral Plan for Cluster Villages
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
21
During 3rd phase of Project operation, WFP supports have been limited in selected (six) districts
i.e. Rayagada, Koraput Nabarangpur Malkangiri, Khandamal and Kahalandi in order to have greater
focus on qualities of intervention such as: agricultural development activities. Income generation
activities particularly Micro trading of NTFP products, Vermiculture, Pisciculture, Goatery, Plate
making Poultry Tailoring Mushroom Cultivation Rice huller Grain bank etc.
WFP, through its generated fund wanted to intervene in these important aspects of rural
scenario. They proposed to create and strengthen village level organizations so as to provide better
management facility with the available natural resources in the village and enrich it in the process
which would ultimately yield better household income.
22
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
Precisely the World Food Prog-amme interventions through generated fund can be broadly
categorized as follows:
1. Productivity enhancement.
2. Community Development.
3. Creation of Assets and Infrastructure.
4. Income Generation Activities.
5. Nutritional support.
6. Food for Human Development (FFHD)
Another intervention could be Mission Pusty [Aame be Paribu) but these activities could be
considered as a part of Nutritional support. All these interventions are unique in character and with
specific objectives;
The major achievements were :
Attempts have been made for integrated productivity enhancement in sectors like Forestry,
Agriculture and allied fields. The major interventions therefore included –
(a) Forestry sector
Under Forestry sector the major thrust was given on Natural Resource Management along with
Nursery raising and plantation.
(b) Agriculture and allied sector.
Agriculture Sector included various interventions such as Irrigation facilities. Horticulture
development, Kitchen garden. Cash crop cultivation etc,
Management of Natural Resources
In an underdeveloped economy, agriculture and allied activities like animal husbandry, forestry
and fishing provide the main source of livelihood and employment. Forests and trees have
automatically played a critical role in the livelihoods of the poor tribals of Odisha. For them, forests are
a source of construction materials, fuel, fodder, ethnic medicines and nutrients for crop. Forestry and
forest based activities also is an important source of rural non-farm employment.
Factors like over population, cattle grazing, fire and agricultural expansion contribute to soil
erosion and forest cover reduction. Excessive deforestation has begun to threaten not only the soil and
water base essential for continued food production, but also the future availability of many forest
plants and animals that are sources of food. With existing customary rights and easy access to forest
resources the forests have been depleted endangering the household food security. The villagers,
having adequate agricultural land, also suffer from food insecurity, because of water scarcity even
during rainy season. On an average the marginal land holding could provide food just for four to six
months in a year making seasonal migration in these belts a way of life. Therefore attempts were made
to generate adequate employment by scientific management of the forests, which is the most
important natural resource influencing the water regime and soil.
1. PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT:
FORESTRY SECTOR
The important interventions in Forestry sector are:
(i) Forest Nursery
(ii) Rehabilitation of Degraded Forests
(iii) Plantation
(iv) Biodiversity conservation.
Quality of crop depends
upon quality of seed/planting
stock. Therefore it was felt
necessary to raise good planting
stock in the nurseries along
with transferring the modern
planting/nursery technology to the farmers. Involvement of Women Self Help Groups (WSHG) for
developing nursery and raising forest seedlings with a buyback arrangement by Forest Dept. has
resulted in production of quality seedlings and substantial
increase in their income. Establishment and Management of 3
decentralized nurseries with herbal garden was taken up in
Kalikaprasad, Tulasibani and Madanmohanpur villages of
Mayurbhanj district with the help of NGO "SAMBANDH". Similar
nurseries were reised for forest plants near Similiguda in
Koraput district and Hansa of Rayagada districts (by three
WSHGs) with technical &
infrastructure assistance from the Forest Department The
seedlings raised by the villagers were bought by forest department
under different plantation schemes. This process of transferring
technical skills to villagers to raise different type of seedlings
created favourable feelings in the villagers towards forest and
simultaneously the nursery served as a source of additional
income for them.
[i] Forest Nursery:
23
(ii) Rehabilitation of Degraded Forests (RDF)
In order to check rapid degradation of forest cover, loss of top soil and to conserve moisture,
Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR) was taken up in the degraded forest patches by organizing
villagers into Van Sanrakshyan Samitics (VSS).
The forest area around village Malbhuin of Kandhamal district was
completely degraded. The villagers were also not able to collect their fire wood
requirement from this area. In the year 2000, a VSS was constituted in the village
and the villagers were assigned with 100 hectares of degraded forest area for
protection and maintenance. 50 hectares of degraded forest in Bholiapada R.F was
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
24
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
taken up under the programme of Rehabilitation of Degraded Forest. For soil and
moisture conservation measures like gully plugging, sisal plantation, sabai grass
plantation were taken up. Enrichment planting like block plantation, assisted
natural regeneration, wherever necessary, was also taken up. The villagers took
active part in protection of the Forest. Now after 10 years the forest is almost self
sufficient and the villagers are regularly collecting NTFP and firewood from that
forest.
In some cases Sisal Plantation was taken up along the
boundaries which served as a green fencing to the forest and
provided sisal fibre for rope making, creating some job
opportunities and additional source of income for the villagers.
Most of the activities in the village were carried out in a
participatory way through joint forest management committees.
This approach in forest protection and management yielded better
result in forest conservation. Joint Forest Management (JFM) policy and structures created at village
level under this policy formed the basis of tribal development sub programme under World Food
Programme.
In the state 11,390 Ha of Forest area has been taken up for RDF activity with support of WFP.
Besides, protecting, conserving & enriching the degraded natural forest assigned to different
target villages, help from generated funds was also given to raise small patches of block plantation
within the village limit or adjacent peripheral areas. The emphasis was mainly on raising cash crops
like cashew, jafran (Bixa oreliana), sisal etc. Plantation of fruit bearing species like mango & litchi was
also encouraged in various villages.
In some cases economic (timber) species Iike teak along with other species have been planted as
Block Plantations. Total area covered under Block Plantation in Nuapada District is 1384.8Ha.
In order to enhance the production of NTFP, 105 Ha plantation with desired NTFP species was
raised in certain locations in the districts of Mayurbhanj, Kalahandi, Malkangiri, Sundargarh and
Koraput in Phase-II.
(iii) Plantation
(iv) Biodiversity Conservation
Similipal Biosphere Reserve, situated in the district of Mayurbhanj, is one of the major
biodiversity hotspots of Odisha. The district has also large (56 to 60 %) tribal population surrounding
it. A holistic approach was needed to conserve biodiversity of Similipal Biosphere Reserve with
improvement in the standard of living of local people through provision of sustainable livelihood
support system based on farm & non-farm activities.
(a) Improvement in Agriculture
The broad based strategy was to address chronic problems such as
primitive method of agriculture, high dependency on forest for
livelihood, illiteracy, low level of skill development, lack of health
care facilities and poor nutritional intake etc.
The activities taken up by Forest Department included
creation of Water Harvesting Structure (WHS) at Kalikaprasad village of
Karanjia Division and another village of Rairangpur Division. The rich
perennial water streams, which were flowing in the village periphery
were properly utilized by making
WHS/Check dams. The unemployed
youth of the area were also involved in identification, survey &
preparation of booklet on Flora & Fauna. They were trained as guides
as this area has high potential for eco-tourism. The activities of
department also included health check up camps at remote areas,
awareness campaign through Sabuja Bahini by organizing street
plays and exposure visit of the people living in interior pockets etc.
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
25
The bright example is the village "Madanmohanpur", a remote village in
Similipahar area which would have remained as insignificant as any other remote
village but for the active support of the NGO "SAMBANDH". Three women SHG
formed in this village are named as "Bhanja Prayani", "Babatilka" and Sidhukanu".
WFP revolving fund @Rs.4000/- was given to each WSHG. There is also one "Farmers
Club" in the village. The initial spadework for organizational activity was started here
by another NGO "SPAR" from 2001. Later on NGO "SAMBANDH" intervened and
continued with them.
The villagers depend on rain-fed agriculture. Attempt was made to improve
Agricultural production by providing agricultural inputs, promotion of organic
farming, training on rain-fed rabi cropping. For additional income mango and guava
grafted plants were given for household backyard plantation.
26
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
A management policy was also prepared by the farmers club for better
management of the agro implements.
Pisciculture was practiced in the village pond. Mushroom Cultivation, Vermi-
composting, Honey and other NTFP collection provided subsidiary income. In case
of NTFP such as Honey, marketing support was provided by the NGO.
Another innovative idea introduced in the village was promotion of "Home
Herbal Garden". Ten species of medicinal plants such as Aloevera, Amla, Rukuna,
Brahmi, Basanga, Bachaand Bhurunga etc. were planted in the backyards of each
household.
These activities in the village has helped in preserving the surrounding Bio-
Diversity.
(v) Habitat Improvement.
The project has also extended its support for improvement of the habitat of Nalaban Sanctuary in
Chilika lake so as to attract more number of migratory birds.
AGRICULTURE SECTOR
Among the tribal 'shifting cultivation' has been a customary practice. Large chunks of forests
have been devastated due to such practice. WFP has played an important role in providing support for
sustainable agriculture and enhancement of productivity through various interventions which
ultimately resulted in visible reduction in Podu (shifting) cultivation. Some of these interventions are:
i. Water Harvesting
ii. Land Development
iii. Irrigation
iv. Crop Demonstration
v. Access to Credit
vi. Input support
vii. Grain Bank
viii. Horticulture Development
(i) Water harvesting
Rain-fed agriculture was the main stay of economy of many tribal villages. Erratic and scanty
rainfall led to perpetual low production or crop failure. Drying of perennial water streams had a
negative impact on the livelihood of many tribal households practicing seasonal cultivation or
Agriculture Support:
marginal farming. So the main thrust in the micro-plans was
to create assets like Water Harvesting Structure (WHS) and
Check dams which could provide adequate irrigation
during rainy season to get assured Kharif crop and also
provide surplus water for irrigation for additional crop
production during Rabi season. In the State 33 WHS during
Phase-II and 19 WHS during Phase-111 (total 52) were
constructed to provide Irrigation to some of the Target
Villages.
In Khajuriput village of Koraput district around 15 hectares of land has been
brought under land development schemes through contour bonding. In the micro-plan
project implemented in Malabhuin village of Phulbani district, Water Harvesting
Structure with earthen check-dams was constructed to control the flow of water into
agriculture land during rains, while arresting soil erosion. The stored water further
facilitates irrigation of 15 acres of land during lean period.
WHS at Bhajiguda Micro-plan Village
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
27
(ii) Land development
A major component during phase-Ill of the project was to increase agricultural productivity
in the targeted villages through massive land development activities and linking it with the WHS.
In Tala Limika village of Koraput district, due to WFP initiative 25.25 acres of waste and
unproductive land belonging to 15 poor marginal farmers of the village was developed.
The development included land leveling, stone bonding and earth binding with grass
etc. This land has become quite productive and the owners are encouraged to raise
various crops on the said land.
Total land developed with the support of WFP in Phase-II was 183.5 Ha in 5 districts namely
Mayurbhanj, Kalahandi, Kandhamal, Malkangiri and Koraput. During phase-III 73 Ha was developed in
the districts of Kalahandi, Rayagada, Kandhamal, Malkangiri and Koraput. Thus total 256.5 Ha land
was developed with support of WFP.
28
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
(iii) Irrigation
Agriculture is the backbone of rural Odisha.
Majority of population depend on it. Perpetual
crop failure due to scanty or irregular rains is a
common phenomena leading to food insecurity. In
order to maintain the crop production a particular
level it was felt necessary to explore the Irrigation
potential in the rural tribal populated area and tap
the source wherever possible as a demonstration.
The village Rajkakhol is situated deep inside the forests of Kandhamal district. Basing
on selection criteria, this village was selected for WFP intervention. The project was
included in the III phase and work on it physically started inJanuary 2006. The micro
plan was implemented with the active intervention of forest department staff.
RAJIKAKHOL MICROPLAN - KANDHAMAL DISTRICT
T h e v i l l a g e c o n s i s t s o f 8 2
households, out of which 48 belong to ST
and 34 to SC communities. Developmental
need of the village was identified. As most
of the households depend on seasonal
agriculture, the foremost attempt was to
provide irrigation facility. A perennial
water source was available at a height of
1500 feet on the hill slope which was
passing through the already existing old
and dilapidated earthen WHS.
The WHS was renovated using WFP generated fund, replacing it by a
masonry RCC structure with provision of iron sluice gate at both ends for regulating
flow of surplus water and reinforcing the earthen embankment on both sides of the
structure. On the basement a tank like structure was constructed to store the surplus
water and to release the same under gravitational flow through PVC pipeline. As a
result irrigation facility was provided round the year, for the adjoining agriculture
land of more than 15 acres and also as a drinking water source for day to day use of
villagers.
As many as 3 nos. of wells were dug in the village from the saving amount.
Rope and Pulley system was provided to cater to the domestic needs and K.B.
(krishak bandhu) pump sets (foot pedaled) for irrigation purpose. Each dug-wells is
being utilized to irrigate about 5 acres of land where at least seven to eight
beneficiaries cultivate seasonal vegetables like tomato, potato, brinjal, beans etc.
For this purpose diversion
c h a n n e l s w e r e c o n s t r u c t e d
particularly in rainfed agriculture
areas to obtain assured production.
In the areas where perennial
water source was available, the
water was channelized to the
agricultural land for multiple crop
production. 22.7 km length of canal
has been provided under the
Scheme.
In some cases Lift-Irrigation facilities, where feasible, have been created for raising crops.
Adequate equipments such as pump sets were also provided in certain cases. In total 94 pump sets
have been provided by WFP.
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
29
In the integrated microplan of Jhara and Tamingi village of Rayagada district main
stress was given on irrigation. This is because about 70 percent of the villagers depend
on agricultural works, either in their own land or in the land of the neighbours. The total
available agriculture land is 120 Acres in the village Tamingi and 50 Acres in the village
Jhara. Due to sandy soil and insufficient irrigation facility the villagers were finding it
difficult to produce even a single crop in a year. Under WFP generated funds, previously
36 meter canal was constructed and during 2005-06, extension of the canal work to
another 170 meter was completed. With the renovation of village tank through WFP
generated fund, the excess water is being used by the SHG for agriculture purpose
through a lift irrigation pump set provided for the purpose.
(iv) Crop Demonstration
Agricultural interventions such as crop demonstrations
and introduction of new crops, especially tubers and roots, in
the district have started contributing towards increased level
of food security. Demonstration was given to enhance
productivity of conventional crops such as pulses, vegetables,
maize, Bengal-gram etc. 5 farmers in different areas were
30
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
involved in crop demonstration work and total 25.5 hectares of land was covered. Farmers and SHG
members started cultivation of radish. Due to such crop demonstration 20 no. of farmers earned
additional average annual income of Rs.20,000/ to Rs.25,000/.
(v) Access to Credit
The tribals usually depend on money lenders
(locally known as sahukars) for credit at the time of
cultivation. The interest charged is exorbitant. In
order to free the poor tribals from the clutches of
money lenders WFP provided revolving fund through
SHGs to facilitate individual credit.
As many as sixty one SHGs have been formed in 3 forest divisions of Mayurbhanj
district and they were grouped together under 3 federations. Nominal monthly
contribution was collected from the members. A revolving fund from this project
was provided to the WSHGs. With this amount as seed money, they are able to access
banks for loan. The loans were mostly used for repayment of loan taken from
moneylenders, farming and entrepreneurial activities like goatery, pisciculture and
establishment of grocery shops etc.
A few SHGs are also handling public distribution system (PDS) in their village. Establishment of
linkage with various govt. line departments, banks and market helped in socio-economic development
of villages, villagers and women in particular through various govt schemes like SGSY (Swarnajayanti
Gram Sworojgar Yojna).
(vi) Input Support
In order to popularize improved methods of
agriculture it was felt necessary to extend input support
to the deserving farmers for demonstration. The inputs
provided included seeds, fertilizers and pesticides etc.
(vii) Grain bank
Grain cum seed storage banks were promoted in
several Micro-Plan areas. The concept of grain bank
provides safe storage facility and fosters attitude of saving among the villagers. SHGs participated in
collection of grains at the time of harvest for safe storage in the grain bank. The participating members
are called as entitlement group and automatically become share holders of the grain bank. The grains
are available to the members at the time of crisis at 25% interest in kind. This meets the need of grain
during lean period and the surplus if any is disposed off in the open market at a profit.
(viii) Horticulture
Horticultural development was taken up as a component under agriculture support system.
Grafted seedlings of mango, orange, litchi, guava and improved seedlings of banana, papaya etc. were
supplied to the households for backyard planting. During Phase II, 790 households were covered
under this component.
In Bearpanga village of Kandhamal district, 500 fruit bearing species like mango
& litchi were distributed to all the households for raising backyard plantation.
Community Horticulture plantations were
also developed. During Phase II, Cashew
plantation over 99 Ha and during Phase III,
Horticulture plantation over 77.5 Ha. and
Cashew plantation over 173.2 Ha. were raised
for community income.
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
31
In Chintaliguda village of Rayagda district, 4,800 cashew seedlings & 960 mango
seedlings brought from Horticulture Department were planted.
32
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
2. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT:
WFP interventions were also intended for community development through various activities
such as:
i. Institutional development
ii. Capacity building
iii. Health and sanitation
iv. Connectivity
v. Education
I. Institutional Development
The WFP assisted programmes took various steps for institutional development followed by
capacity building. Institutions like Women Self Help Groups (WSHG), Vana Sanrakhyan
Samittees(VSS), Village Devlopment Committees(VDC) were formed and supported by WFP. Non
Government Voluntary Organisations (NGOs) were supported for taking up village development
activities. Ramakrishna Mission at Madanpur Rampur in Kalahandi district, a Social service
Organisation, was also supported by WFP generated fund.
WFP provided around 20 percent of generated
fund to NGOs to implement development activities.
Since the mid-1990s NGOs became integral part of
WFPs development activities. They helped in
formulating micro-plans and sectoral programmes.
They used 'Participatory Planning & Implementation
Methods', since beneficiary participation in
development projects is crucial as a means to reach
the most vulnerable groups like women, whose voices
otherwise would not be heard.
Women Self Help Group (WSHG)
Recognizing that in tribal villages, women are key to improving household food security, WFP
supported activities that increased women's access to markets and trade and improved their skill. At
least 30 percent of generated funds was targeted for activities that directly benefited women or were
controlled by them. The main objective of this attempt was to empower the village women folk, so that ,
they opened up, get exposed to outside world, manage the assets, actively participate in trade and
commerce and become a force to reckon with at village level, particularly in decision making process.
One of the few exemplary villages, where WSHG are more active is “Rajikakhol” Village in
Tikabali Range of Phulbani forest division. World Food Programme intervention took place in this
village in the year 2006. Four number of Women SHGs were formed and in the insistence of women
members a water harvesting structure was developed and water supply was ensured through
channels, PVC pipes along with KB pumps were supplied for irrigation. Three nos. of dug well were
created. These encouraged the villagers to go for vegetable cultivation like potato, radish, brinjal
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
33
beans, pumpkins and other cash crops such as
Turmeric, black gram, Kandul etc. Through SHG,
marketing of these products were taken up
which gave good margin of profit. Consequently
ST & SC communities are coming together,
sitting together and taking decisions on a
common platform to continue further
developmental activities. Thus a social change
could be seen taking place in the village.
The village "Chintaliguda" in Tadama GP of
Rayagada district is a small tribal village with
43 no. of households out of which 36 nos. belong
to Kandha & Kui-kandha tribe. The WFP
intervention started in this village from the year
2005. 3 WSHGs were formed with names -
Manika (12 members), Manjunath (15
members) and Ganesh (12 members). The
animator appointed on behalf of the project
looked after all three WSHGs by helping them in
record keeping, bank transaction, weekly meeting and marketing of the produce. WFP from
generated fund provided Rs.2,000/- as revolving fund to each groups during March 2006 for
purchase of Kandula during harvest time at a cheaper rate and to dispose it afterwards during lean
season at a profit for their group. By availing bank loan, the WSHG could establish a rice huller in
their villages. All 43 households were supplied with banaraji chicks, bought from CDVO, Koraput.
Besides, helping in their dietary nutritional uptake, the poultry business is also a constant source of
income to them.
Tentulipadar is an interesting village situated at Boipariguda block of Jeypore forest division. Project
intervention started in this village from 2003 ie. Phase-II itself. There are 3 nos. of Women Self Help
Groups in the village namely Gram Devi, Maa Devi and Laxmi Devi, With Rs.5000/-seed money for
each SHG from WFP fund, they have taken up number of activities like plantation of Cashew, Jafran
(Bixa orellana), renovation of pond for pisciculture, trading of Mahua and tamarind and also
executors of PDS system in the village. By selling Jafran seeds, the WSHG earns around Rs.20,000/- per
annum. Under Public Distribution System, they are getting 300 litres of Kerosene from block every
month at Rs.13/- per litre & selling it with a marginal profit at Rs.15/- per litre.
34
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
SHREE RAMAKRISHNA ASHRAM, MADANPUR RAMPUR [KALAHANDI DISTRICT)
Two major projects were implemented by Shree Ramakrishna Ashram at M. Rampur, Kalahandi
district with the financial assistance of World Food Programme. One of the projects is Microplan
Jukabahali where integrated development of village Jukabahali under Madanpur- Rampur
Panchayat consisting of 42 tribal households who sustain mostly on daily wages was taken up.
The agriculture land of the village could not be cultivated due to regular droughts and water
scarcity. After intervention, a 2 kms Pipeline was brought to the village from the river Utei and
further pipeline was extended for irrigation of 50 Acres of lands. Expertise was provided by the
institution for paddy cultivation and Kitchen garden.
Different income generating programs were adopted by the villagers like Poultry, Fishery, Vermin
Composting, Dairy and Tailoring training. A big pond was excavated and pisciculture was
adopted by the villagers. Training in poultry, duckery & dairy was imparted to the villagers. The
tribal villagers also started keeping chicks and cows in their houses after the training. Even, the
villagers were able to practice organic farming from Vermi Compost.
Two women SHG groups were formed under the leadership of Smt. Ibhamayee Majhi who was
trained by Shree Ramakrishna Ashrama to organize different women's program in the village on
health, hygiene, kitchen garden, etc.
Another project was Kamadhenu Cow Bank Project. Here 25 poor child labourers were trained in
dairy farming for one year at the ashram, with full boarding and lodging. After training 22 cows
along with cowshed, feed etc were also given to the successful trainees.
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
35
WOMEN'S ORGANIZATION FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT (WORD)
WORD - Women's Organization for Rural Development is one such NGO, which was associated in
preparation and implementation of micro-plan projects of Khajuriput village in Koraput district
with the kind assistance of World Food Programme.The objective was to bring about Food
Security through livelihood interventions.Various interventions were taken up since February
2006. The target groups were the marginalized tribal and backward classes of which the most
vulnerable being the women, children and marginal farmers.
Agriculture is the livelihood of most of the tribals in the village. However due to erratic rainfall, the
tribals were facing loss in their crop yield year after year. Through WORD, the farmers of the
village were exposed to new farming practices and organic farming. With WFP support the
villagers constructed a diversion channel of an already existing perennial water stream. This
could provide irrigation to more than 40 hectares of land and with the main crop the villagers
could now grow vegetables in their field. It is an established fact that even if the yield and
consumption is good, there will not be any visible improvement in the health of the community, if
the drinking water and sanitation problem is not addressed. WORD mobilized piped water supply
system for the village from the perennial water stream flowing upland, thereby supplying safe
drinking water.
The impact of WFP project is already visible. The villagers send their children to school. Women
have become vocal and more enterprising. There is enough employment in the village and
consequently people seldom migrate to other places.
ii. Capacity Building
The institutions can work properly only when the members are properly trained and have
adequate confidence instilled in them for such works. Keeping this in mind, steps were taken to
develop the sense of responsibility and confidence in the target villagers.
In each of the villages covered under World Food Programme, women were organized at least in
two to three Self Help Groups (SHG), each consisting 10 to 15 members. Since it was felt necessary to
utilize these grass root level Institutions as stepping stone for carrying out developmental activities in
the village, steps were taken for capacity building, empowerment and increasing awareness of these
women members.
36
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
Tribal Communities are among the most underprivileged sections of the Indian population. They have
very low level of literacy, limited access to food, education, health care, safe drinking water, sanitation
and other basic services. Ranking abysmally low in respect of most human development indicators,
they are virtually a socially and politically marginalized community.
In this context, an approach that puts tribals at the centre stage of the development process and
involves them in all stages of planning and implementation was felt as the need of the hour. A joint
exploratory mission was undertaken in Odisha by IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural
Development) and World Food Programme (WFP) with the assistance of Govt. of India and Govt. of
Odisha. The social analysis that included a livelihood system study and an assessment of the land rights
issues revealed that barriers to livelihood opportunities and food security were the key issues that
warranted immediate attention. The Odisha Human Development Report suggests that one of the
factors of food insecurity is lack of access to Public Distribution System (PDS) and its limited utilization
by the poor .The need for improving and strengthening the targeted PDS schemes suggests measures
like empowering local communities to manage risk and uncertainties of food access.
The important steps taken for Capacity building are:
a. Training
b. Exposure visits
c. Involvement in decision making
d. Health, education and awareness camps
e. Empowerment of the Community
a. Training
Various types of trainings were designed and
imparted to target groups. The important training
programmes were:
1 Agriculture training 858 persons were trained in various agricultural activities during Phase-II and 31 persons were trained in Phase-III.
2 Training for WSHG 112 groups were trained in various activities in Phase- groups trained in Phase
II and 92 -III
3 Training for VSS 37 nos. of training camps during Phase -I,5 Nos. during Phase -II and 12 nos. in Phase-Ill
4 J.F.M Training 25 nos.of training camps in Phase III 5 Training on Animal
husbandry/ livelihood
21 nos. of training camps in Phase III
6 Farmers Training 13 groups were trained in Phase - III 7 Tailoring training 2 groups were trained Phase - III
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
37
b. Exposure visits
Exposure visits were conducted for the target groups
to see & gather first hand information on various
activities. A number of such motivational visits were
organized for WSHGs.65 groups in Phase-II and 54
groups in Phase-III separately went for such visits.
c. Involvement in decision making
The VSS members and VDC members were involved
in preparing their own Micro-plans, basing on which
the WFP intervention was taken up. All the Micro-
plans have been prepared by the villagers
themselves. 84 nos. of Micro-plans were prepared in
Phase-II.
d. Health education and awareness camps
This activity was taken up only during Phase-III. 4
such camps were conducted in the district of
Rayagada.
e. Empowerment of the Community
During the Project operation, thrust was given on
community empowerment as this is the basis for
effective natural management, development of productive resources like land, water and forest so as to
bring sustainable improvement in the livelihood and food securities of the people.
At grass root level, villagers were grouped together under Village Forest Protection Committee (VFP),
Forest Development Committee (FDC) and Vana Sanrakshyan Samitee (VSS) etc. These grass root level
organization helped in the capacity building of individuals so that they could manage their assets and
resources in much better way and be able to plan for themselves and for their village as whole.
38
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
EMPOWERMENT THROUGH SKILL DEVELOPMENT
Talalimika is a remote forest village in Padampur GP. of Koarput district The village consists of
71 households out of which 69 households are S.T. and two houses belong to S.C. The main
occupations of the villagers are farming and wage earning as agriculture labourers. Alcoholism
is the main problems among the villagers. This nefarious practice makes their economic status
more pitiable. The villagers normally depend upon rain-fed cultivation and the productivity of
the land is very low due to soil erosion and degradation of land. With the intervention of W.F.P. in
Phase III, a Microplan was
p r e p a r e d f o r h o l i s t i c
development of the village. A
v i l l a g e d e v e l o p m e n t
committee was formed in the
village having 12 members
nominated by the villagers
with equal participation of
male and female. The V.D.C. took up the ownership, responsibility in implementing the
programme while monitoring and follow up of the activities were undertaken by W.F.P.
Two nos. of Women self help group were formed in
this village. One of the members of this group named
Gita Muduli later on was elected as Sarpanch of
Padampur GP. Gita gained confidence, leadership
qualities and knowledge about various govt, schemes
when she became a WFP women self help group
member. Empowered with the training and exposure
visit under skilled development programme of W.F.P,
Gita as an active member of the group began to show
signs of leadership quality and participated actively
in the village decision making process. This gave her enough confidence to fight panchayat
election. In 2007, she won in the election and became Sarpanch of the GP. She immediately took
all possible measures required to improve the livelihood of the people in that village. She even
ensured that all the households in this village received the NREGS job cards. During discussion,
she was found bubbling with confidence. She assured that as a daughter-in law of the village,
whether she wins any election or not, she will devote her time and energy for the development of
the village and villagers. With her able guidance the W.F.P supported activities were carried out
successfully in that village. The villagers have raised a cashew plantation over an area of 10 ha.
This plantation was distributed amongst 22 members of the village who have already got
usufruct patta over the plantation due to the active interest taken by Smt. Gita Muduli. A Rice
Huller was installed in the village by Women Self Help group which is a constant source of
income for the villagers.
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
39
Collective marketing
strategies were piloted in selected villages for NTFP,
horticultural (vegetables, fruits etc.) and agricultural
produce. The intervention not only helped poor,
unassuming villagers to market their produce for
better prices but also boosted the confidence of the
tribal communities to negotiate better in the market;
thereby enhancing their bargaining power.
Almost all self help groups built in the project villages under WFP, are getting exposed to market
demand. Most of them are linked to the annual exhibition at the Adivasi Mela in Bhubaneswar. This
annual festival serves as a good platform for disposal of a number of processed and packaged products
made by women community under the banner of WSHG.
In Khajuriput Village of Goudaguda GP of Koraput District the WSHG could mobilize
more than RS. 2,50,000/- from Banks and put them into productive use in agriculture
and allied activities. Apart from this, in order to meet the off-season requirements and
also for the value addition of their agricultural products, NTFP products, they were
given training on Mushroom cultivation, spices making, beekeeping, raising of herbal
medicinal plants, sal leaf plate making and vermi-compost etc.
In Talalimika Village of Koraput District, the two WSHG members have regular weekly
meetings. In order to get familiarized with bank transaction, the groups visited
Panchabati Gramya Bank, Koraput. Exposure visits of members were also arranged to
Madanpur Rampur Block Office of Kalahandi District to acquaint them with different
trades and Income Generation activities. Exposure visits of WSHG members to annual
Adibasi Mela at Bhubaneswar and also to Tribal festivals like "Parab", "Mandei", Herbal
trade fare etc. provide a platform for broadening their outlooks.
40
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
iii. Health and Sanitation
Steps were taken to improve Community health as well as individual health. For this purpose the
steps taken were:
a. Health Camps and Health Education ;b. Provision of safe drinking waterc. Animal Health improvement
a. Health Camps
Keeping in view the poor health condition of people free health camps were organized in
different project villages as a component of micro plan and sectoral plans. Medical officers from
nearby P.H.C. attended regularly these health camps for free check up as well as supply of free
medicines. In almost all project villages in Kandhamal, Rayagada or Koraput district health camps
were organized as entry point activities. Awareness meetings on personal hygiene, sanitation, basic
health care and various methods to prevent malaria were also organized. Women Self Help Groups
played a significant role in motivating their women members to come forward for health check up on
regular basis. First Aid training was also imparted to certain persons and kits provided in the target
villages to meet the exigencies.
b. Safe Drinking Water Dugwell &Tube-Well:
Drinking water scarcity is common in interior pockets,
particularly in KBK region. Therefore WFP wisely thought to install
tube-well with concrete platform
for continuous supply of safe
drinking water. A total number of 843 Tube Wells have been installed
in remote areas. Similarly 173 dug wells were constructed (80 in
Phase-I, 49 in Phase-II & 44 in
Phase-Ill) in different districts.
c. Veterinary camps
Animal health is also equally important for food security. 35 nos. of
veterinary camps were organised in Kandhamal and Koraput
districts.
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
41
iv. Connectivity
In order to improve connectivity to different target villages, repair
of certain roads was taken up with the support of WFP. In total 30
km road was repaired during Phase-III.
v. Education
Education can enable a person to earn his/her livelihood or have
access to employment or a mother to better address the needs of her children. That is why W.F.P. used
food aid to improve the knowledge of women by implementing ABC formula {A – (Assets for
education) B - (Basic learning facility) C - (Creating a healthy study environment)}. To ensure that the
children in the targeted villages get proper education facility 13 school hostel buildings were
constructed by the W.F.P. during the first phase of the project in interior forest pockets. During the 2ncl
phase of the project, support was given to a partnership institution i.e. Ramakrishna Asharam of
Madanpur Rampur block of Kalahandi district; for developing class room for children who were
previously child labourers. A pilot project for mental development of children in preschool stage was
launched where additional food materials were provided in 284 Anganwadi Centres in the district of
Koraput, Nawarangpur, Malkangiri, Rayagada and Kalahandi.
Basic learning facility was provided to the most vulnerable children of the kendu leaf (KL) binding
workers. KL binding is one of the important forestry activity which involves large number of binders
both men and women. They migrate from place to place for almost 8 months in a year, along with their
family, to carry out the process of K.L. binding. As a result access to primary education of their children
could be ensured. The W.F.P. generated funds were used for providing basic learning materials such as
books, slates, chalks, pencils & school bags etc. as well as a Para teacher for the children. Joyful learning
has been facilitated through 100 para teachers attached to 90 K.L. binding teams teaching around
4000 children.
CARING FOR DISADVAMTAGED CHILDREN - GYANA BARDHINI:
As a unique initiative to bring mentally challenged children of school going age to mainstream,
assistance from WFP Welfare Fund was given to Gyana Bardhini, a unique school for mentally
challenged children located at Kolnara block of Rayagada district. The project implementing
organization was a NGO named as "Dandaka-Aranya" which also works in the field of Health,
42
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
Education and Natural Resources Management in the surrounding areas. The school was dinaugurated by the Hon'ble Chief Minister, Odisha on 22" January, 2004. The NGO screened
mentally challenged children by door to door campaigning and total 67 students were selected
out of which 25 students stayed in the campus. Every day a bus started from Rayagada to
transport the children from their door steps to school and drop them back in their respective home
after school hours.
Mid-day meal was provided to all the students. Professionally trained teachers and five non-
teaching staff were engaged. All the staff stayed in the campus for better care & supervision. No
fee were charged for bus or food and hostel from any student. W.F.P. provided funds were used for
engagement of teachers, provision of food, uniforms, medicines, play materials and
transportation etc. Another such type of institution for mentally challenged students was
"Ashakiran" in Nawarangpur district. Vocational training, proper diet, physical exercise, proper
learning system and hygienic environment are key words for holistic development of mentally
retarded children.
3. CREATION OF ASSETS AND INFRASTRUCTURE.
The basic idea behind utilization of WFP generated fund was creation of community assets/
infrastructure which would help in improvement of socio-economic status of the villagers/WFP
beneficiaries who have been contributing towards this fund. Permanent assets which could be helpful
in improving the quality of life in the rural areas and also act as models for the surrounding areas were
to be created. The assets could be broadly classified into the following categories,
i. Buildings
ii. Provision of Water
iii. Roads
iv. Others
These assets were in addition to the renewable assets such as Rehabilitation of Degraded Forests,
Plantations etc. discussed under Forestry sector.
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
43
i. Buildings
Different types of buildings have been constructed out of the generated funds such as:
a. Food Storage Godowns - 40 nos in 13 Districts
b. NTFP storage Godowns - 500 nos in 8 Districts
c. Labour Sheds - 95 nos in 16 Districts
d. Kenduleaf Permanent Phadi Houses - 70 Nos in 2 Dist
e. Anganwadi Centres - 381 in 10 Dist
f. Awareness Centres - 1 in 1 Dist
a. Food Storage Godowns
Food Storage godowns
were constructed under the
Forest Department for
proper storage of food
grains. Now that, food grain
distribution has stopped,
these buildings are being
used as awareness centre as
well as training hall. 40 numbers of such go-downs have been constructed in 13 districts.
b. NTFP storage Godowns
To provide for storage of NTFP in the interim period between collection and disposal at the village level
500 NTFP godowns have been constructed in 11 districts as shown in the table.
Kandhamal - 59 Kalahandi - 45Koraput - 93Malkangiri - 37Nuapada - 43Boudh - 50
These buildings are presently used by the WSHG/VSS for storage of NTFP which are sold during the
lean period with a better profit margin and the villagers are earning good income.
Some of the NTFP Godowns are also used as Community meeting place and for non formal education.
Mayurbhanj - 44Nawarangpur - 37Rayagada - 32Sundargarh - 19Sambalpur - 41
44
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
c. Labour sheds
The Labour-Sheds were constructed to accommodate migratory labourers at the work place. 95
such sheds have been constructed in 16 districts.
d. Kenduleaves Permanent Phadi Houses
Kenduleaf binding workers work for around eight
months in a year with their family at different places in the
phadi houses. These labourers virtually live a major part of
their life as nomads. In fact most of WFP food commodities
were distributed to the kendu-leaf binding workers and they
have contributed a substantial amount to the WFP generated
fund.
Kenduleaf phadis are large sized storage spaces where the kenduleaf pluckers sell the leaves and after
drying the leaves are stored. These phadi houses are also used by the kenduleaf binding labourers as
temporary shelter at the time of processing and binding.
Permanent phadi houses not only provide better storage
facility for kendu l eaves but also provide better living
condition for the binding labourers. In total 70 KL Phadi
houses of permanent nature were constructed in
Kandhamal & Kalahandi districts (35 each]
Shelter for forest workers .
It was also felt necessary to provide forest workers with proper
overnight shelters, especially because there were a large number of
women involved in such activities. This need realization culminated in
constructing both permanent & temporary labour sheds and work sheds.
95 labour sheds and around 1000 temporary worksheds were constructed
during the project period.
e. Anganwadi Centres
Anganwadi Centres arc meant for integrated Child Development and
pregnant mothers. In most of the villages there was no separate Anganwadi
centre. It was observed that the ICDS could not effectively deliver unless
the basic infrastructure like a proper building was available. The generated
fund was used to strengthen the infrastructure under ICDS and 381
Anganwadi Centres were constructed in 10 different districts as per the list
indicated below.
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
45
f. Awareness Centres and Interpretation Centres
Infrastructure like awareness centres are used as common
platform for village level meetings crucial for decision making.
Their use in traditional festive occasions enhances social
cohesiveness of communities.
The Interpretation Centre at Daringbadi in the district of
Kandhamal has been constructed with the objective as decided
in the 37th SLCC .
“Considering the Govt. policy of gradual transfer of Forest
Management to the local communities through Forest Protection
Committees and Van Sanrakshan Samitis (VSS), there was a felt
need for capacity building of these VSS in sustainable Forest
Management. Daringbadi, being a typical representative of forest
ecosystem, would be an ideal place for locating the Training
Institute for capacity building of the VSS. Moreover, a Forest
Interpretation Centre would be quite useful in creating awareness
about the conservation of forest resources amongst the people in general and the VSS members in
particular."
ii. Provision of Water
Water scarcity is common in interior pockets, particularly in KBK region. Therefore WFP have
wisely thought to install tubewell including masonry pipelines for continuous supply of safe drinking
water. Needless to mention that such perennial supply of water is not only used for drinking purpose
but also is being used to irrigate their kitchengarden field for their daytoday nutritional support.
SLNo. Name of the District No. of AWCs
1. Koraput 108
2. Malkangiri 49
3. Nabrangpur 59
4. Rayagada 50
5. Kalahandi 50
6. Kendrapara 9
7. Jajpur 7
8. Boudh 3
9. Jagatsingpur 11
10. Kandhamal 35
Total: 381
46
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
Similarly, creation of ponds / WHS (Water Harvesting Structure) facilitates regular irrigation to
agricultural fields besides, bathing and other household use.
Some of these matters have been discussed earlier.
In a nutshell the following facilities have been created for
providing water.
Tube Wells 843 nos
Dug Wells 173 nos
Check Dams 103 nos
Tank/Ponds 79 nos
iii. Roads
Several remote areas remain inaccessible due to
want of communication facilities. WFP has taken a small
step for creating this asset. This has been discussed
under the section "connectivity".
iv. Others
Other Infrastructures include
School/ Hostel buildings - 14 nos
Van Chetana Kendra - 8 nos (Forest Awareness Center)
Rangers training Centre - 1 no
Community Platforms - 15 nos
Improved Cow Sheds/Cow Bank - 1 no
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
47
4. INCOME GENERATION ACTIVITIES.
WFP felt that the requirement of communities go beyond food for
work, infrastructure development and natural resource management. There
was urgent need to create opportunities for additional income to improve the
quality of life which could be possible only with adequate support in terms of
exposure and knowledge of improved agricultural techniques, formalizing
people into Institutions such as SHGs, VDCs etc., capacity building, training,
empowering women and developing child care along with other activities
included in Phase I.
Lessons learnt whi le
implementing activities during
Phase I helped W.F.P in shaping Phase II & III
programmes in terms of emergence of another category
of main intervention such as Integrated Tribal and Rural
Livelihood Initiatives under which various income
generation activities were taken up.
Income generation activities, although fluctuating year
after year depending upon the climatic conditions and
LIST OF ASSETS CREATED
Sl.No. NameoftheAsset Nos.
1. Dug Well 173
2. Check Dam 103
3. Labourshed 95
4. K.L. Phadis 70
;5. l ood Storage Godown 40
6. Multipurpose Community Centre 24
7 Forest Awareness Center 19
8. Food Distribution Centre 155
9. Rice Huller 12
10. School & Hostel Building 14
11 J.F.M meeting/Training Room 25
12. Tank/Fond 79
13. I CDS Godown 23
14. Tube Well 843
48
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
local constraints beyond the control of beneficiaries, can be categorized as
A. Farming
B. Non Farming
C. Forest based
A. Farming
With provision of assured irrigation by creation of water harvesting structures (WHS), dug well,
provision of pump sets, renovation of ponds / tanks along with canal structure etc. the following
farming activities were taken up in villages. Increasing trend year after year speaks of self motivation
on the part of beneficiaries for these activities.
Under Farming sector, some Income generation activities are for individuals and some are for
community.
INDIVIDUAL INCOME
a) Vegetable Cultivation
Provision of assured
irrigation and timely supply
of improved seeds have
encouraged SHG members
to take up kitchen garden &
vegetable crops in their
h o m e s t e a d l a n d a n d
available agricultural fields.
Cultivation of crops such as
brinjal, tomato, potato, beans, radish etc. became more visible. The produce is primarily consumed by
the beneficiary households improving the nutritional status of their food, and the balance is disposed
of in local market or through
vendors, there by providing extra
income to the household. This
activity has to some extent lessened
the food insecurity scenario in
villages. Some beneficiaries /
villagers, being motivated, have
demanded more dug wells and
canal system etc. to enhance this
type of farming. This activity is
prominently visible in villages such
as Talalimka in Koraput District,
Taming Jhara in Rayagada District, Barangpalli and Bada Tema in Koraput District , Bearpanga and
Malabhuin in Kandhamal District.
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
49
b) Hoticulture (Fruit tree cultivation)
Improved varieties of fruit species such as mango, coconut, and
banana have been supplied to the villagers through SHGs during
period of project implementation. Crop like banana has yielded very
good economic returns to the beneficiaries in target villages.
Surviving fruit bearing trees like mango, coconut have started
yielding fruits giving recurrent annual income to the growers.
c) Ginger & Turmeric Cultivation
Traditionally tribals cultivate these two crops and after
meeting their domestic requirements, surplus is sold in the local
market generally at a cheaper price. Sometimes they were being
cheated by local traders both in terms of volume / weight
measurements and payments. After WFP intervention, there has
been increase in area under such cultivation where local site
conditions were favourable. Skill up gradation due to exposure &
vocational training, facilitated value addition, proper marketing
and better price. Beneficiaries through SHGs sell their duly
labeled, packaged products in Adivasi Exhibition/ Melas at attractive prices ensuring better income for
the family. Such efforts are visible in villages like Bearpanga & Malabhuin in Kandhamal District,
Limpada & Jakabahali in Kalahandi District and Rajikakhol in Kandhamal District.
COMMUNITY INCOME
d) Pisciculture
Renovating existing
ponds & water bodies
and creation of tanks
with assured stagnant
water have promoted
f i s h c u l t iva t i o n i n
remote villages. With
a c q u i s i t i o n o f
knowledge / ski l ls
villagers, under banner
o f V. D . C . , r e l e a s e
improved varieties of
fish seeds in water bodies and sell produce at appropriate price earning sizeable financial return for
the village. Their efforts are being encouraged by NGOs and Fishery Dept.
50
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
e) Cashewnut Cultivation
Areas in district like Koraput, Nabarangpur are
congenial for cashew cultivation. Large scale cultivation
by farmers & Cashew Development Corporation is
observed in this tract. High yielding hybrid seedlings of
cashew are easily available & villagers of Damarjodi,
Barangpalli & Tentulipadar in Jeypur Forest Division,
Talalimka of Koraput Division, both in Koraput District,
have taken up plantation of cashewnut (hybrid) in their
fields as well as in Govt. wasteland within the village
limits. Pattas for usufruct rights have been granted by
Revenue Dept. Income from this crop is substantial,
enhancing the economic condition of Villagers.
B. Non Farming Activity
INDIVIDUAL INCOME
a. Mushroom Cultivation
Taking advantage of training/ exposure many SHG
members have taken up mushroom cultivation and earn
substantial additional income. 71 beneficiaries have
been supported for Mushroom cultivation.
b. Tailoring Machines
Tailoring machines have been provided to 8 individual beneficiaries who after training earn
their livelihood through it. This has also created additional opportunity to earn livelihood for others.
c. Vermicompost
As a result of adequate vocational training & exposure
some SHG Members have taken up making of vermicompost
successfully. A sizeable financial
return to the community is
reported in villages such as
M o t a g a n d a , T a l a l i m k a ,
Chintaliguda, Barangpalli. SHGs
sell vermin (earth worms) as well
as vermicompost to other farmers
/ dealers. As the market for the
produce is good, successful vermicompost structures have come up in many
villages.
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
51
d. Poultry
Poultry is a conventional practice of tribals and therefore
readily accepted. Improved variety of Chicks such as Banaraji
were supplied to 653 families.
e. Piggery
32 House holds have been supported for Piggery
f. Duckery
30 Households have been supported for Duckery activities.
g. Honey Bee keeping
Honey Bee keeping is an important Income generation activity
particularly in Mayurbhanj District. Processing and marketing
support is provided by the NGO
"SAMBANDH". 91 households have
been supported for this activity.
Other Income generation
activities such as Dairy and Pottery
etc are supported through SHGs.
h. Other Income generation activities such as Dairy and Pottery etc are supported through SHGs
52
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
COMMUNITY INCOME
a. Rice huller
Installation of Rice huller in villages like
Motaganda, Hansa, Talalimka, Chintaliguda, Kanikupa,
Jugsaipatana by SHGs or V D C is giving sizeable financial
returns to the Villagers.
A table showing achievement under various activities to
aid income generation to the poor households is
provided below.
ACHIEVEMENT OF INCOME GENERATION ACTIVITIES(PHASEWISE)
1 2 3 4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Pumpsets (nos.) Grain Banks/Bins (nos.) NTPP Trading groups (nos.) Kitchen garden (ha)
Irrigation Canal (no)/Km
RLP Groups
(no)
Horticulture (ha)/HH
Ginger and Turmeric Cultivation
Pisciculture (units)
Poultry (house hold)
Piggery(house hold)
K.B. Pumps (nos.)
Honey bee keeping(no of ( HH)
Mushroom cultivation (HH)
Leaf Plate Machines (nos.)
Cashew Plantation (ha)
Tamarind for Trading Seedling Machine (HH)
Duckery ( HH )
Garlic cultivation (HH)
Tailoring Trading (H H)
Rice Huller & Dal Processing (nos.)
Sunflower cultivation (Ac.)
Supply of improved seeds (HH)
Vermi Compost (Units.)
Banana Plantation.(ha)
94 355 42
2605
10/22.7
261
77.5 Ha/790 HH
162.5
63
653
32
96
91
71
62
272.2
1
30
20
8
12
2
40
81
6
ACTIVITY ACHIEVEMENTPHASE -II
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
53
C) FOREST BASED
Wherever NTFP are available in sufficient quantity in local areas, such as Harida Bahada, Aonla,
Siali leaves etc, NTFP based activities were also taken up for generating additional income to the
households.
a) Micro Trading of NTFP
Seasonal fruits such as Harida, Bahada Aonla are
collected by S H G members in large scale and after
drying in yards they are stored in N T F P godowns
constructed through WFP. These products are sold to the
traders in lean season at higher prices. Similarly Mohua
flowers are collected/purchased in season by SHGs and
stored in the Godowns after drying. The stock is sold to
traders in lean period at almost double the collection
price leading to accrual of sizeable profit to SHG
members.
b) Tamarind Processing
SHG member purchase tamarind available in their village and after deseeding with the help of
machines provided, the products are packaged and marketed in exhibition/mela giving better
price to the SHG members. Villages visibly involved in this activity are Hansa, Talalirnka,
Bearpanga. Brief description with photographs are given in boxes.
c) Stiching of Siali Leaves
Siali leaf plate making is an age old practice of tribal communities. WFP intervention provided
new skills for enhancing the usual income. For stitching of Siali leaf plates, stitching machines
along with training were provided. This activity fetches substantial income to the households
particularly in villages Bearpanga of Kandhamal District & Limpada & Kendumundi villages of
Kalahandi District.
54
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
d) Hill Broom processing
Making of broom by collecting grass (hill
broom) from the forest was taken up in large scale in
Kalahandi and Rayagada district as an alternative
source of income. Because of high demand of such
brooms, both in rural as well as urban areas, it is
rewarding business to women SHGs.
Kitchen gardens
200 households along with the primary
school in Madanmohanpur have developed kitchen
garden and are utilizing the vegetables for their
personal use. They are not selling it to outsiders. The
objective of this programme is to provide nutritional
support to the family and promote organic farming.
'SAMBANDH' distributed improved vegetable seed
kits having seeds of brinjal, tomato, chilli and lutia
leaves etc. in the village. The villagers, who were also
provided with dug well, utilized these seeds and
raised kitchen garden.
In the village Khajuriput in Koraput district the tribals very rarely consume vegetables. Womens
Organisation of Rural Development (WORD) intervened to improve the nutritional intake of food.
Accordingly kitchen garden and fruit garden in the backyard of around 60 households were raised. 900
packets of kitchen garden seeds comprising of brinjal, tomato, beans, lady finger, radish, pumpkin
were supplied. Fruit bearing plants like 2000 mango sapling, 1000 tissue culture banana along with
papaya & guava were also provided.
5. NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT.
RAIKAKHOL MICROPLAN -KANDHAMAL DISTRICT
Kitchen gardens in each household backyard were
established to provide fresh, organic, green vegetables with an
intention of improving nutritional intake of the house holds.
Saplings of fruit bearing species like grafted mango, papaya,
coconut, lemon and drumstick were also supplied to the
villagers at their door-steps to plant near their house. The NGO
"ATMA" (Agriculture Training & Management) was roped in for
formation of one Krisaka Manch in the village, who is providing
training and exposure to the villagers on various aspects of agriculture and farming.
In a nutshell, the life style of the villagers has begun to show sign of positive change.
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
55
6. FFHD [FOOD FOR HUMAN DEVELOPMENT):
FFHD programme was initiated during 2004 in 16 villages on pilot basis to explore the real
reason behind the deplorable state of human development .The main objectives of the programme
were educational promotion, health and sanitation development and nutritional security.
Under FFHD cement concrete roads along with side drainage facilities have been constructed as
permanent communication facility and to maintain village sanitation. Besides, cow-sheds with
concrete flooring have been constructed to provide better sanitation and dairy development.
The WFP initiative ensured that the participation of women in all such activities was higher than
that of men so that they are directly benefited in terms of employment and also able to take rations to
their home ensuring food security of the poor women, particularly mothers and children. Recognizing
that women are key to improving house hold food security, WFP supported activities that increased
women's access to markets and trade. In a village Chintaliguda of Tadama G.P. of Rayagada C.D. Blcok in
Rayagada district, the male members of the village complemented that the WFP activities had made
their womenfolk real traders and businesswomen. This is nothing but a tribute to women
empowerment in the village.
Phase Female Beneficiaries Male Beneficiaries
Phase 1 1,91,43,280 1,76,70,720
Phase 2 48,68,689 49,15,310
Phase 3 58,89,496 33,51,541
56
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
Mission Prushty (Ame bi Paaribu):
WFP in Odisha initiated an innovative approach called "Positive Deviance Approach" with an objective
to reduce and prevent the malnutrition among children below 3 years and to promote early child
development through positive child care practices by involving the community. For this purpose
project villages were selected through bimonthly survey, giving priority to villages where moderate
and severely malnourished children in the 0-3 years age group are more in number. Mothers of
malnourished children were given hands on practice sessions on best child care practices such as
nutritional feeding, health, hygiene and psycho-social care to avoid infant mortality etc. 100 percent
immunization, de-worming, vitamin-A supplementation etc. were also ensured. "Pilakaudinis"
(crèche managers) were also engaged who took care of children of working mothers, especially when
their mothers were away from home during working hours.
intensive Intervention Project (IIP): .
During the period from September 2000 to March 2002, in 92 villages of Semiliguda, Pottangi and
Laxmipur blocks of Koraput district a pilot project called IIP, under WFP food assistance was
implemented by two reputed local NGOs "Aggragammi" and "WIDA". The main objective of the
programme was to enhance short and long term food security of these vulnerable villages in a
sustainable way. Under the above programme 2,646 families of the district were benefited. Various
interventions under this programme included creation of community assets like water harvesting
structures, raising of plantations, infrastructure development like construction & repair of roads,
shelters, godowns and community centers, improving individual assets like compost pits, grain banks
etc. A remarkable achievement is arresting or minimizing "podu-chas" (shifting cultivation) through
provision of income generation activities in non-farm sectors.
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
57
C H A P T E R - V
Road Ahead
World Food Programme intervention started in Odisha in 1986 and continued up to 2008. During
this, almost twenty five years, intervention period WFP adopted two pronged strategies; directly
providing food aid at a very subsidized rate as a supplement to wage labour and on the other hand
integrating food aid with other human development sectors, such as health, education, women
empowerment and natural resource development with positive synergic effect.
One of the interesting finding in podu ravaged Koraput and Rayagada district is the decline in
podu chas (shifting cultivation). Tribals in many targeted villages have almost abandoned podu
chas and are busy
growing crops (one
main crop and one
v e g e t a b l e c r o p )
around the canals
and water channels
a r o u n d w a t e r
h a r v e s t i n g
structures.
Another important outcome is injection of a sense of confidence in the attitude of the poor and
underprivileged. Institutional framework created during the course of the programme ensures
that tribal & other poor backward households no longer remain "passive" beneficiaries; but are
actively involved and participate in decision making process relating to their own upliftment.
Women's empowerment is a major achievement of WFP. Lack of access to institutional credit was
a major barrier in economic development of tribal communities. Hence the World Food
n
n
n
58
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
Programme promoted Women Self Help Groups (WSHG) in targeted villages and provided a
revolving fund to them for this purpose. Handling internal loaning and monthly subscription gave
required training and confidence to the members in handling finances, book keeping and SHG
management. Banks also came forward for providing credit facilities. Loans were used for
consumption, repayment of loan taken from moneylenders, for farming, trade and business like
goatery, pisciculture, NTFP collection and marketing etc. With women as stake holders and key
players, leakages of fund reduced and management and accountability improved. This would help
in ensuring food security in future.
Lot of assets were created using WFP generated fund of (Given in Annexure J). As communities and
households were closely associated with their planning and operation they are better utilized and
sustained even today.
Since the mid-1990s, NGOs became an integral part of WFP's development activities outside of
forestry and forest related programmes. They helped in formulation of micro-plans and sectoral
programmes by using participatory appraisal method where people's visions were
conceptualized for holistic development of villages.
Another outcome of the programme, quite visible in the tribal dominated districts, is social
integration. Previously Scheduled Tribe and Scheduled Caste people were never coming together.
But because of programme intervention, they are now sharing the same platform, irrespective of
caste and creed, and speaking in unison for the development of the village.
The institutional framework created through the World Food Programme such as Self Help
Groups, Village Development Committees play a significant role in bringing together all the
villagers to a single platform and strengthen the JFM as well as other participatory activities.
Engagement of animators in the micro-plan villages by WFP was a very positive step. The
animators were trained properly to ensure coordination among villagers, assisting WSHG
members in maintaining bank account and in marketing the produce. Taking cue from WFP, later
on JBIC also engaged "animators" in targeted villages,
Most important and redeeming contribution of the project is creation as well as enhancement of
livelihood opportunities of the villagers through land & water management, participatory forest
protection, improvement of agricultural productivity, collective marketing and better access to
credit and finance.
In a nutshell, the WFP in Odisha has been successful in its endeavour to address food insecurity in
the state and attempted to eliminate, in the long run, food insecurity and need for further food
assistance by creating various development opportunities from WFP generated fund in its limited
targeted area, population.
n
n
n
n
n
n
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
59
C H A P T E R - VI
OBDA as Successor of WFP
The World Food Programme has since discontinued its operation in Odisha from the year 2008.
Before winding up this Organization Govt has declared Director WFP as State Mission Director of Orissa
Bamboo development Agency to implement the centrally sponsored scheme of National Bamboo Mission.
The Organization is now simultaneously looking after the closer procedures of WFP and Odisha Bamboo
Devlopment Agency.
60
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
Reference
1. WFP - Govt. of India; Project 2685 - Socio-Economic Development
through Forestry Activities in Odisha.
2. Operational Contract; Project 5569 ~ Improvement of Food Security
through Forestry Activities in Tribal areas of Bihar, Odisha,
Madhyapradesh, U.P. & Rajsthan.
3. Food for Work - WFP Activity No. IND 10107.0 Act 3
4. Human Development Report - 2004 - P&C Deptt., Govt. of Odisha
5. Reducing Hunger - Tackling Poverty - WFP Country Programme Report
1997-2002
6. World Food Programme [2002), Community Level Food Insecurity and
Vulnerability in the villages of Odisha.
7. Tacking Hunger : United Nations WFP's effort to help eliminate Food
Insecurity in India.
8. A Right to Live - Addressing Tribal Rights in Odisha : Food Insecurity &
Livelihood Enhancement - OTELP Programme Support Unit
9. Food Security Atlas of Rural Odisha - UNWFP
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
61
SL
No
. N
ame
of
the
D
ivis
ion
PH
ASE
- I
P
HA
SE -
II
PH
ASE
- I
II
Wh
eat
(i
n M
t)
Ric
e
(in
Mt)
O
il
(in
Mt)
P
uls
e (i
n M
t)
Wh
eat
(i
n M
t)
Ric
e
(in
Mt)
O
il
(in
Mt)
W
hea
t
(in
Mt)
R
ice
(i
n M
t)
T
ER
RIT
OR
IAL
WIN
G
01
. A
ngu
l [T
] 8
4.8
35
3
98
.41
8
43
.99
3
47
.43
5
56
.42
00
-
4.8
00
0
8.5
80
0
0.0
02
. A
thag
arh
(T
) 1
7.7
04
2
07
.09
6
16
.86
8
18
.82
7
- -
-
03
. A
tham
alli
k [
T]
54
.50
0
18
7.5
75
2
2.8
50
2
3.8
79
1
0.0
00
0
- 0
.80
00
04
. B
alig
ud
a (T
) 5
0.0
00
4
18
.75
1
38
.99
6
42
.87
2
11
4.5
90
0
1.5
82
4
13
.05
86
3
24
.45
50
2
3.8
83
6
05
. B
amra
(T
) 1
6.8
15
2
19
.80
1
20
.76
5
24
.34
4
40
.00
00
-
5.6
00
0
06
. B
arip
ada
(T)
55
.97
1
50
4.3
00
5
4.3
04
5
6.1
86
07
. B
ola
ngi
r (T
) 3
4.4
15
4
68
.94
2
42
.78
2
48
.79
5
81
9.9
98
5
4.0
04
3
54
.49
16
5
0.9
18
5
3.9
21
6
08
. B
on
ai (
T)
76
.75
8
39
7.5
32
4
3.7
47
4
6.6
36
2
21
.81
75
2
.39
20
1
8.5
45
4
8.1
82
5
0.6
54
6
09
. B
ou
dh
(T
) 6
6.4
40
3
21
.32
9
38
.66
9
38
.71
4
18
2.5
72
5
- 1
9.1
06
0
40
.65
75
3
.25
94
10
. D
eogo
rh (
T)
94
.60
0
23
5.4
15
3
4.0
22
2
8.9
24
2
29
.95
00
1
.58
24
2
6.3
25
0
11
. D
hen
kan
al (
T)
13
.55
0
24
5.6
92
2
0.5
51
2
6.6
16
1
13
.68
96
1
.58
18
9
.53
66
5
.99
00
0
.00
64
12
. G
h. N
ort
h
30
.89
9
17
7.6
66
1
8.6
53
2
1.6
53
-
- -
13
. G
h.S
ou
th (
T)
35
.72
2
27
3.9
72
2
9.4
97
3
0.9
35
-
- -
14
. Je
yp
ore
(T
) 1
8.0
00
3
31
.82
4
32
.66
3
35
.46
9
1,2
46
.47
75
-
82
.16
65
2
,37
5.1
45
0
18
5.0
99
8
15
. Je
yp
ore
(B
amb
oo
) -
78
.69
3
6.4
28
6
.42
5
- -
-
16
. K
alah
and
i (T
) 2
8.8
91
3
87
.02
4
36
.99
4
42
.20
4
1,1
00
.00
67
3
.17
81
7
5.9
89
0
1,8
09
.93
83
1
38
.09
5
17
. K
alah
and
iS (
T)
- -
- -
- -
- 1
,51
3.2
08
2
10
5.1
49
2
18
. K
aran
jia
(T)
22
.99
5
24
3.8
16
2
1.7
26
2
6.1
25
9
0.0
00
0
2.0
42
4
10
.40
00
19
. K
eon
jhar
(T
) 2
3.8
25
2
77
.10
8
29
.37
5
30
.43
6
79
.97
50
-
1.6
00
0
20
.02
50
0
QU
AN
TIT
Y O
F F
OO
D G
RA
INS
DIS
TR
IBU
TE
D B
Y V
AR
IOU
S A
GE
NC
IES
An
nex
ure
- I
62
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
1
20
. K
har
iar
(T)
10
2.7
89
4
32
.96
3
53
.48
2
57
.84
1
79
0.0
30
0
1.5
82
4
51
.81
30
0
.00
20
0
21
. K
ora
pu
t -
- -
- -
- -
2,1
20
.02
25
1
51
.93
2
22
. M
alk
angi
ri
- -
- -
- -
- 1
,71
2.2
57
5
12
2.4
19
7
23
. N
awra
ngp
ur
(T)
62
.28
0
22
5.7
67
2
7.4
30
2
9.2
88
5
27
.26
81
-
36
.26
90
2
,08
1.8
98
4
14
1.3
02
3
24
. N
ayag
arh
(T
) 7
5.5
66
3
01
.90
9
35
.71
4
35
.24
3
- -
-
25
. P
aral
akh
emu
nd
i (T
) 5
.00
0
17
2.5
40
1
7.7
29
1
7.7
29
-
- -
26
. P
hu
lban
i (T
) 2
6.8
27
3
21
.02
1
32
.46
1
34
.73
1
98
.67
75
1
.58
24
7
.95
60
4
48
.47
50
2
7.8
78
27
. P
uri
(T
) 9
8.7
20
5
20
.91
0
60
.22
1
60
.81
9
14
.86
00
-
2.3
77
0
28
. R
aira
kh
ol (
T)
11
.45
6
11
0.6
49
1
2.1
50
1
1.9
89
1
70
.05
00
1
.58
24
1
9.4
65
0
- 0
.06
29
. R
ayag
ada
(T)
73
.81
5
43
5.2
35
4
3.0
69
4
9.3
59
1
,30
1.9
63
6
2.3
82
8
10
4.0
82
8
2,3
68
.13
89
1
70
.59
86
30
. Sa
mb
alp
ur
(T)
17
.18
2
24
0.7
25
2
5.5
05
2
5.3
13
2
34
.00
00
2
.02
40
2
3.4
24
8
- 0
.00
02
31
. Su
nd
erga
rh (
T)
49
.89
7
62
8.7
27
6
3.5
78
6
6.8
42
2
27
.54
75
3
.18
32
2
2.4
00
0
1.9
52
5
0
T
ota
l 1
,24
9.4
51
8
,76
5.4
00
9
24
.21
9
98
5.6
28
7
,66
9.8
94
0
28
.70
06
5
90
.20
63
1
4,8
89
.84
68
1
07
4.2
6
AF
FO
RE
ST
AT
ION
/ P
LA
NT
AT
ION
WIN
G
01
. B
arip
ada
[Pla
n.)
1
8.5
22
2
9.6
02
4
.81
6
4.8
16
-
- -
- -
02
. B
erh
amp
ur
A [
Pla
n.]
1
0.0
48
9
9.3
19
7
.80
7
10
.69
5
- -
- -
-
03
. B
erh
amp
ur
B (
Pla
n.)
-
34
.00
0
3.4
00
3
.40
0
- -
- -
-
04
. B
haw
anip
atn
a (A
ffn
.)
69
.99
0
23
6.9
06
2
7.8
40
2
9.8
39
4
68
.31
35
-
30
.34
34
1
26
.70
75
6
.93
66
05
. B
hu
ban
esw
ar (
Pla
n.)
1
3.4
20
2
5.7
74
3
.18
3
3.9
19
-
- -
- -
06
. B
ola
ngi
r (A
ffn
.)
11
6.5
31
3
72
.10
8
46
.76
5
48
.36
6
36
7.9
55
-
22
.07
30
3
1.5
00
0
2.5
00
0
07
. C
SB.B
alas
ore
(A
ffn
.)
62
.50
0
25
6.4
42
3
1.8
70
3
1.8
93
-
- -
- -
08
. C
SB,C
utt
ack
(A
ffn
.)
15
1.0
85
7
54
.79
3
81
.03
9
87
.86
2
- -
- -
-
09
. C
SB.P
uri
(A
ffn
.)
78
.29
9
43
5.7
53
5
0.9
21
4
8.1
18
-
- -
- -
10
. D
eogo
rh (
Pla
n.)
-
75
.36
0
4.5
45
4
.58
1
- -
- -
-
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
63
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
1
11
. D
hen
kan
al (
Pla
n.)
6
2.9
41
3
43
.90
4
40
.61
6
40
.46
8
- -
- -
-
12
. G
anja
m (
Aff
n.)
3
0.0
40
2
12
.07
6
23
.88
0
23
.92
2
- -
- -
-
13
. Je
yp
ore
(P
lan
.)
17
.98
7
43
7.0
23
4
5.5
10
4
5.5
10
-
- -
- -
14
. K
eon
jhar
(A
ffn
.)
60
.00
0
42
1.7
78
4
7.9
58
4
8.0
72
-
- -
- -
15
. K
ora
pu
t (
Aff
n.)
9
1.0
29
8
18
.38
5
10
0.9
61
8
9.8
37
9
73
.53
-
64
.16
80
1
39
.33
50
1
0.0
80
0
16
. K
ora
pu
t(P
lan
.)
60
.19
1
1,0
41
.23
4
11
0.4
47
1
09
.82
3
54
4.7
71
8
- 3
5.0
47
4
- -
17
. R
ayag
ada
(Aff
n.)
1
01
.38
2
64
1.5
94
7
3.5
93
7
4.5
73
5
04
.87
-
36
.72
34
1
49
.07
00
9
.52
66
18
. R
ou
rkel
a (A
ffn
.)
12
0.8
46
9
61
.51
3
10
1.2
50
1
06
.60
3
- -
- -
-
19
. Sa
mb
alp
ur
(Aff
n.)
1
03
.42
5
28
5.4
75
3
5.6
00
3
7.0
48
-
- -
- -
T
ota
l 1
,16
8.2
36
7
,48
3.0
39
8
42
.00
0
84
9.3
45
2
31
4.6
68
5
- 1
53
.30
78
4
46
.61
25
29
.04
32
SIM
ILIP
AL
FO
RE
ST
DE
VE
LO
PM
EN
T C
OR
PO
RA
TIO
N
01
. B
haw
anip
atn
a
50
.57
4
55
.03
7
11
.24
4
11
.24
0
- -
- -
-
02
. Ja
jpu
r R
oad
6
8.7
20
5
27
.63
9
60
.36
2
58
.89
5
- -
- -
-
03
. K
eon
jhar
(P)
- 9
0.8
00
9
.05
7
9.0
80
-
- -
- -
04
. R
&D
,Bar
ipad
a
- 1
11
.10
6
6.6
16
6
.63
1
- -
- -
-
05
. Sp
l.Pla
n.C
utt
ack
-
51
.82
8
5.1
85
5
.18
5
- -
- -
-
T
ota
l 1
19
.29
4
83
6.4
10
9
2.4
64
9
1.0
31
-
- -
- -
O
FC
, Ltd
. 3
,06
4.8
69
1
9,3
98
.08
9
1,9
86
.32
2
2,1
51
.59
5
3,4
19
.93
43
6
.32
04
2
64
.03
94
2
87
.25
44
1
8.7
99
1
KE
ND
UL
EA
VE
S W
ING
01
. A
ngu
l (K
L)
15
.99
5
49
7.5
02
4
3.7
97
5
0.4
95
9
47
.13
65
-
64
.60
20
-
-
02
. A
thm
alli
k (
KL
) 1
6.0
00
7
33
.59
8
69
.14
9
72
.74
9
78
9.9
88
0
- 6
4.6
64
0
- -
03
. B
haw
anip
atn
a (K
L)
68
.04
9
69
2.7
79
7
3.1
52
7
4.3
63
1
,24
9.0
34
5
1.4
99
6
10
0.7
22
5
1,0
08
.66
35
8
1.8
70
2
04
. B
ola
ngi
r (K
L)
15
.00
5
95
9.4
20
8
5.2
25
9
7.5
02
1
,19
8.7
81
0
1.3
20
6
85
.71
52
4
0.0
01
0
3.1
00
0
05
. B
ou
dh
(KL
) 1
5.0
00
3
12
.50
4
33
.67
7
30
.09
0
88
5.7
70
0
- 7
0.0
37
6
30
.00
00
2
.40
00
64
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
1
06
. D
eogo
rh (
KL
) 1
5.0
00
5
28
.68
7
43
.04
4
53
.57
2
1,0
84
.97
00
-
72
.00
00
-
-
07
. Jh
arsu
gud
a (K
L)
10
.00
5
46
2.7
55
4
1.0
73
4
7.6
78
8
86
.00
00
-
61
.60
00
4
0.0
00
0
3.2
00
0
08
. K
eon
jhar
(K
L)
10
.00
0
37
0.3
00
3
5.9
25
3
8.0
18
9
01
.18
40
-
58
.50
30
-
-
09
. K
har
iar
(KL
) 1
2.0
00
3
91
.78
1
30
.26
8
38
.02
9
44
1.8
73
0
- 2
7.9
27
0
15
.00
00
-
10
. K
uch
ind
a (K
L)
50
.50
0
53
8.1
82
5
9.6
22
5
9.1
83
1
,18
6.4
00
0
- 8
6.2
96
8
- -
11
. P
adm
apu
r (K
L)
73
.14
9
91
4.2
33
8
3.7
54
9
4.6
99
1
,68
8.6
04
0
1.5
08
8
12
8.8
15
2
40
.00
00
3
.20
00
12
. P
atn
agar
h (
KL
) 5
9.0
77
1
,44
6.1
26
1
35
.16
5
13
9.1
88
1
,93
2.7
86
2
2.7
11
7
16
7.8
17
7
40
.00
56
3
.26
98
13
. P
hu
lban
i (K
L)
10
.23
4
70
3.7
92
6
4.6
47
6
9.4
95
9
15
.49
70
-
72
.26
86
7
85
.00
00
6
1.4
00
0
14
. R
aira
kh
ol (
KL
) 1
4.9
05
4
11
.76
8
40
.01
5
37
.24
2
80
3.9
52
5
- 3
6.5
89
3
40
.00
00
3
.20
00
15
. R
ou
rkel
a (K
L)
45
.00
0
72
7.6
25
7
6.8
13
7
7.1
19
1
,44
5.5
80
0
2.3
92
0
96
.49
82
-
-
16
. Sa
mb
alp
ur
(KL
) 6
1.4
63
4
75
.16
8
51
.09
5
50
.38
0
1,0
29
.76
50
0
.23
00
4
8.2
97
0
40
.00
00
3
.20
00
17
. T
itil
agar
h (
KL
) 9
6.6
77
7
65
.77
9
76
.60
4
90
.49
5
1,5
43
.06
05
2
.38
88
1
26
.95
69
6
1.8
22
5
4.9
01
8
T
ota
l 5
88
.05
9 1
0,9
31
.99
9 1
,04
3.0
24
1,1
20
.29
5 1
8,9
30
.38
22
12
.05
15
1,3
69
.31
10
2,1
40
.49
26
16
9.7
41
8
WIL
DL
IFE
WIN
G
01
. D
ir, N
and
ank
anan
(W
L)
7
4.5
85
2
69
.26
7
27
.81
6
31
.03
6
- -
- -
-
02
. C
han
dak
a (W
L)
40
.00
0
10
9.2
60
1
3.1
64
1
4.7
49
-
- -
- -
03
. Sa
tko
sia
(WL
) 1
5.6
18
2
32
.48
4
25
.42
7
24
.49
4
- -
- -
04
. C
han
db
ali (
WL
) -
20
6.3
45
2
0.3
55
2
0.3
55
-
- -
- -
05
. T
iger
Res
erve
, Bar
ipad
a (W
L)
10
.52
7
92
.91
4
9.5
77
1
0.7
56
8
.00
00
0.6
40
0
- -
06
. R
ajn
agar
(W
L)
6.1
52
5
3.2
20
5
.65
1
5.9
38
-
- -
- -
07
. C
hil
ika
(WL
) 5
.10
4
10
2.3
48
9
.94
9
10
.39
0
- -
- -
-
08
. Su
nab
eda
(WL
) -
47
.54
6
4.7
79
4
.53
1
- -
- -
-
T
ota
l 1
51
.98
6
1,1
13
.38
4
11
6.7
18
1
22
.24
9
8.0
00
0
0
.64
00
-
-
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
65
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
1
P
AP
ER
MIL
LS
01
. JK
,Ray
agad
a(P
aper
Mil
l)
- -
- -
37
79
.33
8
30
.52
47
3
49
.42
80
2
,91
9.0
00
0
17
9.5
00
0
02
. B
ilt,
Jey
po
re(P
aper
Mil
l)
- -
- -
16
93
.85
4
20
.21
40
1
51
.30
50
8
45
.00
00
3
7.2
00
0
03
. B
ilt,
Ch
ou
dw
ar(P
aper
Mil
l)
- -
- -
76
2.5
75
1
5.4
46
8
85
.43
04
-
-
04
. O
P,Sa
mb
alp
ur(
Pap
er M
ill)
-
- -
- 8
00
.01
25
1
6.2
14
0
92
.74
38
-
-
T
ota
l -
- -
- 7
03
5.7
79
5
82
.39
95
6
78
.90
72
3
,76
4.0
00
0
21
6.7
00
0
OT
HE
RS
01
. O
TD
P.K
asip
ur
2
6.1
05
2
95
.05
1
28
.63
0
30
.62
1
- -
- -
-
02
. IA
EE
T,K
ora
pu
t
- -
- -
- -
- 1
50
.75
20
-
03
. P
ush
pak
.Mal
kan
giri
-
- -
- -
- -
25
.00
00
-
04
. A
VA
.Nab
aran
gpu
r
- -
- -
- -
- 2
4.9
99
0
-
05
. C
HA
RM
,Kan
dh
amal
-
- -
- -
- -
30
.00
00
-
06
. SH
AK
TI.
Ray
agad
a
- -
- -
- -
- 3
0.0
00
0
-
07
. W
I D
A, K
ora
pu
t -
- -
- 4
80
.27
35
-
49
.32
87
4
5.7
09
5
3.0
63
8
08
. P
ariv
arta
n.K
alah
and
i -
- -
- -
- -
35
.00
00
-
09
. W
FP
Fie
ld U
nit
s -
- -
- -
- -
11
.00
00
0
.64
00
10
. Si
lvic
ult
uri
st,R
ayag
ada
-
- -
- -
- -
30
.00
00
2
.40
00
11
. PA
-IT
DA
,Ko
rap
ut
- -
- -
15
3.5
00
0
- 1
4.2
75
0
12
6.5
00
0
13
.72
50
12
. N
GO
.Agr
agam
i -
- -
- 1
,59
9.9
20
0
- 1
60
.00
00
-
-
T
ota
l 2
6.1
05
3
24
.68
8
30
.25
3
34
.85
7
2,2
33
.69
35
-
22
3.6
03
7
50
8.9
60
5
19
.82
88
G
.To
tal
6,3
68
.00
0 4
8,8
53
.00
0
5,0
35
.00
0
5,3
55
.00
0
41
,61
2.3
52
0
12
9.4
72
0 3
28
0.0
15
4 2
20
37
.16
68
1
,52
8.3
73
3
66
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
Q
ua
nti
ty o
f F
oo
d C
om
mo
dit
ies
in M
etr
ic T
on
s O
RG
AN
IZA
TIO
N T
ota
l
T
erri
tori
al
Aff
n/P
lnt
SFD
C
Ken
dle
af
OF
DC
,Ltd
W
ild
life
N
GO
& O
ther
s P
aper
Mil
ls
PH
ASE
-I
Wh
eat
1,2
49
.45
1
1,1
68
.23
6
11
9.2
94
5
88
.05
9
3,0
64
.86
9
15
1.9
86
2
6.1
05
-
6,3
68
.00
0
Ric
e 8
,76
5.4
00
7
,48
3.0
39
8
36
.41
0
10
,93
1.9
99
1
9,3
98
.08
9
1,1
13
.38
4
32
4.6
88
-
48
,85
3.0
09
Oil
9
24
.21
9
84
2.0
00
9
2.4
64
1
,04
3.0
24
1
,98
6.3
22
1
16
.71
8
30
.25
3
- 5
,03
5.0
00
Pu
lses
9
85
.62
8
84
9.3
45
9
1.0
31
1
,12
0.2
95
2
,15
1.5
95
1
22
.24
9
34
.85
7
- 5
,35
5.0
00
PH
ASE
-II
Wh
eat
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
Ric
e 7
,66
9.8
94
2
,31
4.6
69
-
18
,93
0.3
83
3
,41
9.9
34
8
.00
0
2,2
33
.69
4
7,0
35
.78
0
41
,61
2.3
54
Oil
2
8.7
01
-
- 1
2.0
52
6
.32
0
- -
82
.40
0
12
9.4
73
Pu
lses
5
90
.20
6
15
3.3
08
-
1,3
69
.31
1
26
4.0
39
0
.64
0
22
3.6
04
6
78
.90
7
3,2
80
.01
5
PH
ASE
-III
Wh
eat
- -
- -
-
- -
-
Ric
e 1
4,8
89
.84
7
44
6.6
13
-
2,1
40
.49
3
28
7.2
54
-
50
8.9
61
3
,76
4.0
00
2
2,0
37
.16
8
Oil
-
- -
- -
- -
- -
Pu
lses
1
,07
4.2
60
2
9.0
43
-
16
9.7
42
1
8.7
99
-
19
.82
9
21
6.7
00
1
,52
8.3
73
PH
AS
E W
ISE
AB
ST
RA
CT
OF
FO
OD
CO
MM
OD
ITIE
S U
TIL
IZE
D B
Y D
IFF
ER
EN
T O
RG
AN
IZA
TIO
NS
Ann
exur
e - I
A
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
67
Sl.
No
,N
ame
of
the
Dis
tric
tN
o. o
f N
TF
P
Go
do
wn
s.N
o. o
f A
WC
s
1K
ora
pu
t9
31
08
2M
alk
angi
ri3
74
9
3N
abra
ngp
ur
37
59
4R
ayag
ada
32
50
5K
alah
and
i
8
8
5
0
6M
ayu
rbh
anj
4
4
-
7Su
nd
erga
rh
60
-
8K
end
rap
ara
-
9
9Ja
jpu
r-
7
10
Bo
ud
h-
3
11
Jaga
tsin
gpu
r-
11
12
Kan
dh
amal
10
93
5
To
tal:
50
03
81
AS
SE
TS
& I
NF
RA
ST
RU
CT
UR
ESA
nnex
ure
- II
Ann
exur
e - I
II
1.
Tu
be
Wel
l / D
ug
Wel
l1
01
6
2.
Ch
eck
Dam
/ W
HS
10
3
3.
Lab
ou
rsh
ed9
5
4.
K.L
. Ph
adis
70
5.
Foo
d S
tora
ge G
od
ow
n
40
6.
Co
mm
un
ity
Cen
tre/
FAC
43
7.
Foo
d D
istr
ibu
tio
n C
entr
e
15
5
8.
Ric
e H
aule
r &
Dal
Pro
cess
ing
un
its
12
9.
Sch
oo
l & H
ost
el B
uil
din
g
1
4
10
.G
arag
e Sh
ed
2
11
.IC
DS
Go
do
wn
2
12
.H
osp
ital
Bu
ild
ing
(An
gul)
1
13
.V
anac
het
anak
end
ra
8
14
.R
ange
rs T
rain
ing
Co
lleg
e, A
ngu
l.
1
15
.In
terp
reta
tio
n C
entr
e (
Dar
ingb
adi]
1
16
.Fo
rest
Ro
ad (
Km
.)8
33
17
.Se
ed B
ank
, BB
SR1
18
.R
ange
Off
ice
-cu
m-D
istr
ibu
tio
n C
entr
e3
3
19
.Sa
nit
atio
n W
ork
16
OT
HE
RS
68
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
Ann
exur
e - I
V
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
69
INF
RA
ST
RU
CT
UR
E
SL
No
. N
ame
of
the
dis
tric
t L
abo
ur
Shed
G
o d
ow
n
Foo
d
Dis
trib
uti
on
C
ente
r
Mu
ltip
urp
ose
C
om
mu
nit
y
Cen
ter/
FAC
Sch
oo
l/
Ho
stel
B
uil
din
g
An
gan
wad
i C
ente
r/IC
DS
G
od
ow
n
NT
FP
G
od
ow
n
Ph
adi
Go
do
wn
s fo
r K
end
ule
af
Oth
er
Bu
ild
ings
1
An
gul
14
-
- -
2
- -
- -
2
Bal
aso
re
2
- 2
-
- -
- -
- 3
B
ola
ngi
r 8
1
1
6
1
- -
- -
- 4
B
arag
ah
- -
- -
- -
- -
- 5
B
ou
dh
4
-
- 3
-
3
- -
- 6
C
utt
ack
-
1
5
1
- -
- -
- 7
D
hen
kn
al
- -
18
1
-
- -
- -
8
Deo
garh
-
- -
- -
- -
- -
9
Gaj
apat
i -
2
- 1
-
- -
- -
10
G
anja
m
1
- 1
3
- -
- -
- -
11
Ja
jpu
r -
- -
- -
7
- -
- 1
2
Jaga
tsin
ghp
ur
- -
- -
- 1
1
- -
- 1
3
Jhar
sugu
da
-
- -
- -
- -
- -
14
K
and
ham
al
9
9
13
5
3
3
5
10
9
35
1
2
15
K
alah
and
i 7
9
9
2
2
5
0
88
3
5
4
16
K
hu
rda
7
-
- 1
-
- -
- -
17
K
eon
jhar
4
1
5
2
-
- -
- -
18
K
end
rap
ara
1
-
- -
- 9
-
- -
19
K
ora
pu
t 8
4
2
7
4
- 1
08
9
3
0
9
20
M
alk
angi
ri
0
0
0
1
0
49
3
7
0
3
21
M
ayu
rbh
anj
3
2
2
4
0
0
44
0
0
2
2
Nay
agar
h
0
0
- 0
0
0
0
0
0
2
3
No
wra
ngp
ur
3
0
- 3
1
5
9
37
0
2
2
4
Nu
apad
a 1
0
-
3
1
0
0
0
0
25
P
uri
0
5
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
26
R
ayag
ada
0
0
0
5
2
5
0
32
0
4
2
7
Son
epu
r 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
8
Sam
bal
pu
r 2
0
4
25
1
1
0
0
0
0
2
9
Sun
dar
garh
3
2
9
5
2
0
6
0
0
0
T
ota
l 9
5
40
1
55
43
1
4
38
1 5
00
70
3
4
MA
JOR
IN
TE
RV
EN
TIO
NS
Ann
exur
e - I
V (
A)
70
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
F
OR
ES
T D
EV
EL
OP
ME
NT
SL
Nam
e o
f th
e
Mai
nte
nan
ce
RD
F
Blo
ck /
Mix
ed
Ch
eck
Dam
s JF
M
Mic
ro-p
lan
s Se
cto
ral P
lan
No
. d
istr
ict
of
Fore
st R
oad
(i
n k
ms)
P
lan
tati
on
s (i
n H
a)
Pla
nta
tio
ns
(i
n H
a)
(in
No
s)
Mic
ro-p
lan
s
(in
No
s)
(in
No
s)
(in
No
s)
1
An
gu
l 7
1
50
0
0
0
1
0
2
Bal
aso
re
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
Bo
lan
gir
0
10
0
62
1
0
0
0
0
4
Bar
agah
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
Bo
ud
h
0
65
0
0
0
4
0
0
6
Cu
ttac
k
5
10
0
10
0
0
0
0
7
D
hen
kn
al
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
Deo
garh
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
9
Gaj
apat
i 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Gan
jam
3
2
0
27
9
0
0
0
0
11
Ja
jpu
r 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
Ja
gats
ingh
pu
r 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
13
Jh
arsu
gud
a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
14
K
and
ham
al
13
0.5
2
58
0
0
10
8
4
7
4
15
K
alah
and
i 7
7
00
0
5
4
1
6
4
16
K
hu
rda
5
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
17
K
eon
jhar
0
7
00
0
0
4
3
0
18
K
end
rap
ara
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
19
K
ora
pu
t 8
4
75
0
0
14
0
3
4
8
20
M
alk
angi
ri
0
0
0
11
0
1
6
0
21
M
ayu
rbh
anj
28
9.1
1
60
0
0
8
3
19
1
4
22
N
ayag
arh
1
0.6
0
0
0
0
0
0
23
N
ow
ran
gpu
r 4
0
50
0
0
1
2
8
1
24
N
uap
ada
9
50
0
13
84
.8
0
2
0
0
25
P
uri
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
6
Ray
agad
a
66
.8
80
0
0
53
3
1
8
2
27
So
nep
ur
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
28
Sa
mb
alp
ur
0
0
32
90
0
0
0
0
29
Su
nd
arga
rh
10
2
22
50
9
5
1
7
4
0
T
ota
l 8
33
1
13
90
5
68
4.8
1
03
3
7
16
6
33
Ann
exur
e - I
V (
B)
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
71
SL
No
. N
ame
of
the
dis
tric
t
FO
RE
ST
DE
VE
LO
PM
EN
T
FO
RE
ST
DE
VE
LO
PM
EN
T
Hea
lth
C
amp
s Sp
ecia
l Hea
lth
C
amp
s T
ub
e W
ells
/ D
ug
Wel
ls
San
itat
ion
W
ork
Fo
od
fo
r E
du
cati
on
[S
cho
ol]
Mis
sio
n
Pu
shty
(D
istr
ict]
Mo
ther
s P
rogr
amm
e
(Dis
tric
t]
Ed
uca
tio
n t
o
Ch
ild
ren
of
(K
L]
bin
din
g la
bo
urs
1
An
gul
41
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Bal
aso
re
30
0
1
2
6
0
0
0
0
0
3
Bo
lan
gir
35
6
0
80
1
0
0
0
0
0
4
Bar
agah
6
0
1
1
- 0
0
0
0
0
5
B
ou
dh
1
8
0
24
-
0
0
0
0
17
6
C
utt
ack
1
41
0
1
4
- 0
0
0
0
0
7
D
hen
kn
al
60
0
0
21
5
0
0
0
0
0
8
D
eoga
rh
24
0
3
5
- 0
0
0
0
0
9
Gaj
apat
i 2
0
0
4
- 0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Gan
jam
2
91
0
1
3
12
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
Jajp
ur
0
0
3
- 0
0
0
0
0
12
Ja
gats
ingh
pu
r 0
0
0
-
0
0
0
0
0
13
Jh
arsu
gud
a
10
0
5
-
0
0
0
0
0
14
K
and
ham
al
57
1
6
67
3
3
2
0
1
1
30
1
5
Kal
ahan
di
43
2
6
48
2
2
1
0
1
1
28
1
6
Kh
urd
a
0
0
32
-
0
0
0
0
0
17
K
eon
jhar
2
53
0
2
0
5
0
0
0
0
5
18
K
end
rap
ara
0
0
3
-
0
0
0
0
0
19
K
ora
pu
t 7
39
6
8
4
48
1
1
10
4
1
1
0
20
M
alk
angi
ri
89
3
2
4
3
1
23
1
1
0
2
1
May
urb
han
j 2
46
0
3
7
12
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
Nay
agar
h
0
0
17
-
0
0
0
0
0
23
N
ow
ran
gpu
r 3
1
3
9
7
1
22
1
1
0
2
4
Nu
apad
a 3
8
0
24
-
0
0
0
0
10
2
5
Pu
ri
33
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
0
0
26
R
ayag
ada
6
6
3
26
1
0
0
1
1
0
27
So
nep
ur
0
0
3
- 0
0
0
0
0
2
8
Sam
bal
pu
r 7
17
0
8
2
7
0
0
0
0
0
29
Su
nd
arga
rh
37
4
0
10
5
2
0
0
0
0
10
To
tal
54
23
2
7
84
3
17
3
16
1
49
6
6
1
00
Ann
exur
e - I
V (
C)
72
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
Annexure - V
PHASE - I
MICRO - PLANS
1 Angul DFO, Angul
Govt. Agency
Dahimala
2 Kalahandi
OXFAM
NGO
Pearmal and Dukibandal
3 Kandhamal
DFO, Phulbani
Govt. Agency
Sudreju, Karandimaska and Adimunda
4 Kandhamal
Tagor Society
NGO
RabingiafFive Villages)
5 Kandhamal
CHARM
NGO
Goghulasahi, Dehengi, Bandhasahi and Charipada
6 Keonjhar
DFO, Keonjhar
Govt. Agency
Gonasika (Upparrahida)
7 Keonjhar
DFO, Keonjhar
Govt. Agency
Sikulapada
8 Keonjhar PRADAN NGO Sanapadar, Bizapara and Sumantha
9 Koraput IAEET NGO Buturuguda 10 Koraput
SNEH
NGO
Village
11 Mayurbhanj
DFO, Baripada
Govt. Agency
Bhandarikula, Jagarnathpure & Godhinisola
12 Mayurbhanj
Adharasila
NGO
Ramachandrapur
13 Mayurbhanj
SODA
NGO
Saratchandrapur
14 Mayurbhanj
SHEAVA
NGO
Mudrajodi, Haladipani and Alubani
15 Mayurbhanj
YRDO
NGO
Ambadiha Rehablitation Colony
16 Sundargarh DFO, Bonai Govt. Agency Barghat cluster Village
17 Sundargarh CYSD NGO Lefripada(Five Village)
18 Kalahandi CPSW NGO 10 Villages of Komana Block
19 Mayurbhanj
DFO, Karanjia
Govt. Agency
Similipal Area and Ranivola
20 Mayurbhanj
SSADRI
NGO
Sabai Grass Cultivation and rope making
21 Boudh Banadurga
NGO
Pilot Project Tailoring Training Centreat Charichhak and Jhadrajing
22 Khurdha
Silviculturist
Govt. Agency
Seedbank
PHASE - II
MICRO - PLANS
1 Kalahandi
DFO, Kalahandi(S)
Govt. Agency
Badabanigaon
2 Kalahandi
RK-ASHRAM
NGO
Jukabahali
3 Kalahandi
Parrivartan
NGO
Vejiguda Amthaguda
4 Kalahandi
LAVS
NGO
Padampur
5 Kalahandi DFO, Kalahandi(S) Govt. Agency KhamanKhunti
SECTORAL - PLANS
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
73
6 Kalahandi RK-ASHRAM NGO Motogonda, Sumbipada
7
Kalahandi DFO, Kalahandi
(N)
Govt. Agency
Kinipadar
8
Kalahandi
DFO, Kalahandi (N)
Govt. Agency
Kurmachuan
9
Kandhamal
DFO, Phulbani
Govt. Agency
Badabaraba
10
Kandhamal
DFO, Balliguda
Govt. Agency
Bhutadi
11
Kandhamal
DFO, Balliguda
Govt. Agency
Tenderanga
12
Kandhamal
DFO, Phulbani
Govt. Agency
Malabhuin
13
Kandhamal
DFO, Balliguda
Govt. Agency
Kutiguda
14
Kandhamal
DFO, Balliguda
Govt. Agency
Kadamba
15
Kandhamal
DFO, Balliguda
Govt. Agency
Budulipadar
16
Kandhamal
DFO, Phulbani
Govt. Agency
Ranaba
17
Kandhamal
AJSS
NGO
Pikadei
18
Kandhamal
CHARM
NGO
Balisugri
19
Kandhamal
CHARM
NGO
Kurupadi
20
Kandhamal
CHARM
NGO
Lambabadi
21
Kandhamal
CHARM
NGO
Nagleju
22
Kandhamal
CHARM
NGO
Saratpaju
23
Kandhamal
DFO, Phulbani
Govt. Agency
Sulumbi
24
Kandhamal
NIRR
NGO
Lambakupa, Patingia
25 Kandhamal DFO, Phulbani Govt. Agency Sarupada
26 Kandhamal DFO, Phulbani Govt. Agency Kaliamba
27 Kandhamal DFO, Phulbani Govt. Agency Ranipathar
28 Kandhamal DFO, Phulbani Govt. Agency Karad Kumpa
29 Kandhamal DFO, Phulbani Govt. Agency Pokari
30 Kandhamal DFO, Phulbani Govt. Agency Panaspadar
31 Kandhamal DFO, Phulbani Govt. Agency Mallerigaon
32 Kandhamal DFO, Phulbani Govt. Agency Saratguda 33
Kandhamal
IS WERT
NGO
Irripiguda
34
Kandhamal
DFO, Balliguda
Govt. Agency
Batipada
35
Kandhamal
IRDMS
NGO
Pangarpadi, Dupi, Ranndanga
36
Kandhamal
IS WERT
NGO
Tangom
37
Kandhamal
IS WERT
NGO
Pikusi
38
Kandhamal
Pradan
NGO
Dingelikia
39 Koraput HRDC NGO Tala Ganjeipadar
40 Koraput IAEET NGO Damarjodi
41 Koraput IAEET NGO Debtadangar
74
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
42 Koraput IAEET NGO Dudhbeda
43 Koraput IAEET NGO Kalia Atal
44 Koraput IAEET NGO Nuaguda
45 Koraput SPREAD NGO Dandakhal
46 Koraput IAEET NGO Bondakatra
47 Koraput NISRED NGO Totaguda
48 Koraput IAEET NGO Aunlajodi
49 Koraput SPREAD NGO Goelkund
50 Koraput DFO, Jeypore Govt. Agency Putraguda, Kadamguda, Kenduguda
51 Koraput DFO, Jeypore Govt. Agency Siadimal
52 Koraput DFO, Jeypore Govt. Agency Tentulipadar
53 Koraput DFO, Koraput Govt. Agency Bhaluguda
54 Koraput DFO, Koraput Govt. Agency Chartra, Ranitota, Kapuguda
55 Koraput DFO, Koraput Govt. Agency Chatra
56 Koraput WORD NGO 10 Villages
57 Koraput Vikash NGO 100 Villages of Nandapur Block
58 Koraput SPREAD NGO 11 Villages(Ramgiri)
59 Koraput WIDA NGO 15 Vilages
60 Koraput IAEET NGO 3 Vill in Kusumuguda, Bondakatra, Thatpodar,
Dakaara, Balipeta
61 Koraput KFA NGO 4 Villages in Umiri GP
62 Malkangiri DFO, Malkangiri Govt. Agency Bhaliaguda
63 Malkangiri DFO, Malkangiri Govt. Agency Kadamguda
64 Malkangiri DFO, Malkangiri Govt. Agency Koilipari
65 Malkangiri DFO, Malkangiri Govt. Agency Rampur
66 Malkangiri DFO, Malkangiri Govt. Agency Tentuliguda
67 Malkangiri DFO, Malkangiri Govt. Agency Pakhnaguda
68 Malkangiri IAEET NGO Semilliguda
69 Mayurbhanj Pradan NGO Bajenisila
70 Mayurbhanj Pradan NGO Kasibeda
71 Mayurbhanj DFO, Rairangpur Govt. Agency Bhuyan Basa
72 Mayurbhanj DFO, Rairangpur Govt. Agency Asanbani
73 Mayurbhanj DFO, Baripada Govt. Agency Nuagaon, Angargadia
74 Mayurbhanj DFO, Baripada Govt. Agency Chandan Chaturi
75 Mayurbhanj DFO, Rairangpur Govt. Agency Haladia
76 Mayurbhanj DFO, Baripada Govt. Agency Jaganathpur, Bhandarikula, Gidinisole(Ph-II)
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
75
77 Mayurbhanj DFO, Baripada Govt. Agency Ghusuria 78
Mayurbhanj
DFO, Karanjia
Govt. Agency
Bagh lata
79
Mayurbhanj
DFO, Karanjia
Govt. Agency
Chiliriposi -
Kanjiapal
80
Mayurbhanj
DFO, Karanjia
Govt. Agency
Kalikapur
81
Mayurbhanj
DFO, Karanjia
Govt. Agency
Lunadiha
82
Mayurbhanj
DFO, Karanjia
Govt. Agency
Patiapada
83
Nowarangpur
DFO, Nowarangpur
Govt. Agency
Ranisola
84
Nowarangpur
DFO, Nowarangpur
Govt. Agency
Parliguda
85
Rayagada
DFO, Rayagada
Govt. Agency
Kusuku
86
Rayagada
DFO, Rayagada
Govt. Agency
Pandrapada
87
Rayagada
DFO, Rayagada
Govt. Agency
Dumeniheju
88
Rayagada
DFO, Rayagada
Govt. Agency
Hansa Central Nursery
89
Rayagada
DFO, Rayagada
Govt. Agency
Kapadanga
90
Rayagada
DFO, Rayagada
Govt. Agency
Nalchua
91
Rayagada
DFO, Rayagada
Govt. Agency
Taming and Jhara
92
Sundargarh
DFO, Sundargarh
Govt. Agency
Rathakhandi
93
Sundargarh
DFO, Sundargarh
Govt. Agency
Jamujharia
SECTORAL PLANS
94
Kalahandi
RK-ASHRAM
NGO
1 Kamadhenu Cow Bank Project
95
Kalahandi
Parrivartan
NGO
15 Village in Karlapat GP
96
Kandhamal
GITA
NGO
1 Village Brahamanapada
97
Mayurbhanj
SSADRI
NGO
40 Hamlet Villages
98
Mayurbhanj
J.F.RC
NGO
5 Villages in Budhikhamari
99
Mayurbhanj
DAS I
NGO
6 Villages
100
Mayurbhanj
Pradan
NGO
60
Village Samrudhi
PHASE -
III
MICRO-PLANS
l Kalahandi DFO, Kalahandi[N] Govt. Agency Sukunabhata
2 Kalahandi DFO, Kalahandi(N) Govt. Agency Podakham
3 Kalahandi DFO, Kalahandi(S) Govt. Agency Limpada
4 Kalahandi Field Unit, Bhawanipatna
Kanikupa
5 Kalahandi DAPTA NGO Kanarla
6 Kalahandi LAVS NGO Jugsaipatna
7 Kalahandi DFO, Kalahandi(N) Govt. Agency Kendumundi
76
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
8 Kandhamal IS WERT NGO Deogarh 9
Kandhamal
DFO, Balliguda
Govt. Agency
Satamaska
10
Kandhamal
DFO, Balliguda
Govt. Agency
Jargi
11
Kandhamal
DFO, Balliguda
Govt. Agency
Jampadar
12
Kandhamal
DFO, Balliguda
Govt. Agency
Burlubaru
13
Kandhamal
DFO, Balliguda
Govt. Agency
Batamaha in Kotagarh Sanctuar
14
Kandhamal
DFO, Phulbani
Govt. Agency
Gosama
15
Kandhamal
NIRR
NGO
Bearpanga
16
Kandhamal
NIRR
NGO
Gunjikupa
17
Kandhamal
NIRR
NGO
Tumuskia
18
Kandhamal
PAHAD
NGO
Janmeni
19
Kandhamal
Field Unit, Phulbani
Rajikakhol
20
Kandhamal
DFO, Phulbani
Govt. Agency
Biraguda
21
Kandhamal
DFO, Phulbani
Govt. Agency
Rubipidai
22
Koraput
Field Unit Koraput
Talalimika
23
Koraput
DFO, Jeypore
Govt. Agency
Asna
24
Koraput
DFO, Jeypore
Govt. Agency
Barangpally
25
Koraput
DFO, Jeypore
Govt. Agency
Bhajiguda
26
Koraput
DFO, Jeypore
Govt. Agency
Dumuripadar
27
Koraput
DFO, Jeypore
Govt. Agency
Ramaguda
28
Koraput
Boipariguda
Kheshtra Samiti
NGO Hatipakhna
29
Koraput
HRDC
NGO
Karanjiguda
30
Koraput
IAEET
NGO
Podapodar
31
Koraput
IAEET
NGO
Pujariguda
32
Koraput
KFA
NGO
Mugunaguda & Tentuliguda
33
Koraput
WORD
NGO
Khajuriput
34
Koraput
DFO, Koraput
Govt. Agency
Sanatema
35
Koraput
DFO, Koraput
Govt. Agency
Khajuriguda
36 Koraput DFO, Koraput Govt. Agency Bilaput
37 Malkangiri SAMUHA VIKAS NGO Baunsapada
38 Malkangiri SAMUHA VIKAS NGO Chimtapally
39 Malkangiri SAMUHA VIKAS NGO Rengabandha
40 Malkangiri DFO, Malkangiri Govt. Agency Kenduguda
41 Malkangiri DFO, Malkangiri Govt. Agency Tulaguram
42 Malkangiri DFO, Malkangiri Govt. Agency Gotiguda
43 Malkangiri DFO, Malkangiri Govt. Agency Jhatiguda
44 Malkangiri DFO, Malkangiri Govt. Agency Purusottam
45 Malkangiri DFO, Malkangiri Govt. Agency Dasanguda
46 Nowarangpur DFO, Nowarangpur Govt. Agency Daibeda
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
77
47 Nowarangpur DFO, Nowarangpur Govt. Agency Malkiguda 48
Nowarangpur
DFO, Nowrangpur
Govt. Agency
Mundimal
49
Nowarangpur
DFO, Nowrangpur
Govt. Agency
Sirisiaguda
50
Nowarangpur
DFO, Nowrangpur
Govt. Agency
Badapanjariguda
51
Nowarangpur
DFO, Nowrangpur
Govt. Agency
Dhanpur
52
Rayagada
DFO, Rayagada
Govt. Agency
Ankulpodar
53
Rayagada
ALISHA
NGO
Dumuri
54
Rayagada
DFO, Rayagada
Govt. Agency
Badahansa
55
Rayagada
DFO, Rayagada
Govt. Agency
Dumerkona
56
Rayagada
DFO, Rayagada
Govt. Agency
Konda Taming
57
Rayagada
DFO, Rayagada
Govt. Agency
Nawada
58
Rayagada
DFO, Rayagada
Govt. Agency
Talarambha
59
Rayagada
Field Unit Rayagada
Chintaliguda
60
Rayagada
PRAGATI
NGO
Anka
61
Rayagada
DFO, Rayagada
Govt. Agency
Phuljoba
62
Rayagada
DFO, Rayagada
Govt. Agency
Sipijodi
SECTORAL PLANS
63
Kalahandi
R.K. Ashrama
NGO
Livelihood Security Measures Through in Vermin Technology & Entrepreneurship Development Programmes
64
Kandhamal
SAHANUBHUTI
NGO
Bamunigam
65
Kandhamal
GITA
NGO
Kandhamal Adivasika Girl's High School, Bramhanapad
66
Kandhamal
PRADAN
NGO
Mobilization around Sisal-leaf plate activity for Livelihood Security for RuralPoor Families
67
Koraput
WORD
NGO
Sisal Cultivation
68
Koraput
DFO, Koraput
Govt. Agency
Sisal Fiber Plantation
69
Mayurbhanj
DFO Baripada
Govt. Agency
Bio-Diversity
70
Mayurbhanj
FD STR Baripada
Govt. Agency
Bio-Diversity
71 Mayurbhanj Karanjia Govt. Agency Bio-Diversity
72 Mayurbhanj SAMBANDH Bio-Diversity
73 Mayurbhanj Baripada Govt. Agency Bio-Diversity
74 Mayurbhanj Karanjia Govt. Agency Bio-Diversity
75 Mayurbhanj Rairangpur Govt. Agency Bio-Diversity
76 Mayurbhanj Rairangpur Govt. Agency Bio-Diversity
77 Nowarangpur ASHA KIRAN NGO Special School -cum-Vocational Training Centre for Mentally Retarded Children (15Villages)
78 Rayagada SNEH NGO Nalinee Vidya Mandir is a Residential Tribal Girls High School, Bariguda
79 Rayagada Dandakaranya NGO Rehabilitation of Mentally Retarded Children in Rayagada District
78
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
SLCC NO. DATE SLCC NO. DATE1st SLCC Dt.25/26.09.1985 22ndSLCC Dt.17.06.19952nd SLCC Dt.Ol.11.1985 23rdSLCC Dt.ll.03.19963rd SLCC Dt.06.06.1986 24th SLCC Dt.19.08.19964th SLCC Dt.15.12.1986 25th SLCC Dt.27.01.19975th SLCC Dt.04.05.1987
26th SLCC
Dt.31.07.19976th SLCC Dt.12.10.1987
27th SLCC
Dt.24.01.19987th SLCC Dt.29.04.1988
28thSLCC
Dt.24.09.19988th SLCC Dt.03.07.1989
29thSLCC
Dt.ll.08.19999th SLCC Dt.05.12.1989
30thSLCC
Dt.07.04.2000
10th SLCC Dt.22.06.1990
31st SLCC
Dt.02.11.200011th SLCC Dt.13.12.1990 32ndSLCC Dt.09.01.200212th SLCC Dt.30.01.1991
33rdSLCC
Dt.06.06.2002
13th SLCC Dt.07.09.1991
34th SLCC
Dt.29.08.200314th SLCC Dt.25.01.1992
35th SLCC
Dt.30.12.200315th SLCC Dt.14.08.1992
36th SLCC
Dt.12.08.200416th SLCC Dt.07.12.1992
37thSLCC
Dt.06.12.200517th SLCC Dt.14.05.1993 38thSLCC Dt.14.09.200618th SLCC Dt.14.09.1993 39th SLCC Dt.10.06.200719th SLCC Dt.18.01.1994 40th SLCC Dt.21.07.200820th SLCC Dt.13.07.1994 41st SLCC Dt.19.03.201021st SLCC Dt.25.11.1994 42ndSLCC Dt.06.10.2010
SLCC DATESAnnexure - VI
Annexure - VII
SI No. Name From To
1 Sri L.K. Pattnayak, IFS 22-01-1986 27-02-1987
2 Sri G.S. Padhi, IFS
27-02-1987
27-12-1989
3 Sri S.N. Bohidar, IFS
27-12-1989
17-05-1991
4 Sri A.K. Bansal, IFS
17-05-1991
02-07-1991
5 Sri S.N. Bohidar, IFS
02-07-1991
07-08-1991
6 Sri P.R. Mohanty, IFS
07-08-1991
02-06-1992
7 Sri A.K. Bansal, IFS
02-06-1992
31-07-1992
8 Sri S.N. Bohidar, IFS 31-07-1992 22-12-1995
9 Sri A.K. Mohapatra, IFS 22-12-1995 10-05-2000
10 Sri G.B. Reddy, IFS
10-05-2000
22-09-2004
11 Sri Siddhanta Das, IFS
22-09-2004
07-06-2006
12 Sri S.C. Patra, IFS
07-06-2006
24-10-2007
13 Sir K.R. Singh, IFS
24-10-2007
11-11-2009
14 Sri S.K. Popli, IFS 11-11-2009 08-08-2011
15 Sri Pravakar Behera, IFS 08.08.2011 25.04.2012
16 Dr. J.P. Singh, IFS 25.04.2012 19.03.2013
INCUMBANCY CHART
17 S. B. Samanta, IFS 19.03.2013 05.06.2013
18 H. S. Upadhyay, IFS 05.06.2013 Continuing
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
79
1. Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) - A person is said tobe having CED, if his/her Body Mass Index 2
is less than 16 kg/m
2. Body Mass Index (BMI) - It is the ratio of weight (in kg) to height (in metre) square.
3. Food Security Outcome Index (FSOI) - This index is developed basing on two indicators - under
five mortality and proportion of underweight children.
4. Micro Plan- Microplans are prepared in the villages with involvement of all stakeholders
through a participatory process - oriented and demand driven planning approach. The plan
focuses on alround development of the village and villagers that include sustainable income
generating activities and programmes that accrue benefits to the poor villagers particularly
women.
5. Sectoral Plan - This is holistic development plan prepared for a group or cluster of villages.
6. Food for Human Development - An innovative approach to ensure efficient programme
management by mobilizing and building capacities of women self help groups to undertake
responsibilities on healthy nutrition sanitation and education.
7. Joint Forest Management - Joint Forest Management notification was issued by Govt. of India in 1990 in recognition of peoples involvement in forest management. However, 1st Joint Forest
Management Resolution was issued by Govt. of Odisha during 1988. The modalities include
community participation in forest protection, conservation and regeneration in-lieu of usufruct
right and share at the time of final harvest.
8. Food Security Index (FSI) - The FSI is a composite index covering three dimensions i.e.
Availability Access & Absorption factors. Districts having higher index value are considered
relatively more food secure compared to districts with lower index values.
9. Food Security Index
(a) Secure (0.5713 & above) (b) Moderately Secure (0.4903 - 0.5713) (c) Moderately Insecure (0.4093 - 0.4903) (d) Severely Insecure (0.3283 - 0.4093) (e) Extremely Insecure ( Less than 0.3283)
10. Poverty Ratio -
11. Check Dam - A check dam is a smally temporary or permanent structure constructed across a
drainage ditchy canal or channel to reduce the speed of water flow.
12. Vana Samrakshyan Samiti - It is a forest protection committee that works jointly with the
Government for forest protection.
Glossary
80
WFP-FOOD FOR THOUGHT - a 25 years march in odisha
Acronyms
ANR Assisted Natural Regeneration
EPA Entry Point Activity
FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation
FFE Food for Education
FFHD Food for Human Development
FFW Food for Work
FSOI Food Security Outcome Index
GoI Government of India
GP Gram Panchayat
ICDS Integrated Child Development Scheme
IGA Income Generation Activity
JFM Joint Forest Management
JFMCs Joint Forest Management Committees
KL Kenduleaf
MFP Minor Forest Produce
NGO Non Government Organisation
NTFP Non Timber Forest Produce
PDS Public Distribution System
RDF Rehabilitation of Degraded Forest
SC Scheduled Caste
SHG Self Help Group
ST Scheduled Tribe
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNWFP United Nations World Food Programme
VDC Village Development Committee
VSS Vana Samrakshyan Samiti
WFP World Food Programme
WHS Water Harvesting Structure
WSHG Women Self Help Group
HH House Hold
Ac Acre
Ha Hectare
IIP Intensive Intervention Project