Western Settlement Western Settlement and Immigrationand Immigration
What four factors fueled What four factors fueled American growth and American growth and
expansion in the late 19expansion in the late 19thth and and early 20early 20thth centuries? centuries?
• 1) Economic opportunity1) Economic opportunity• 2) Industrialization2) Industrialization• 3) Technological change3) Technological change• 4) Immigration 4) Immigration
What four factors influenced What four factors influenced American growth and American growth and
expansion in the late 19expansion in the late 19thth and and early 20early 20thth centuries? centuries?
• 1) Westward movement1) Westward movement• 2) Immigration2) Immigration• 3) Growth of cities3) Growth of cities• 4) Admission of new states4) Admission of new states
Into what western region did Into what western region did settlement increase after the settlement increase after the
Civil War?Civil War?
• Between the Mississippi Between the Mississippi River and the Pacific OceanRiver and the Pacific Ocean
When was the era of the When was the era of the American cowboy?American cowboy?
• Years right before and right Years right before and right after the Civil Warafter the Civil War
During the era of the During the era of the American cowboy, what was American cowboy, what was the reason for the long cattle the reason for the long cattle drives over unfenced open drives over unfenced open
land in the West?land in the West?
• It was the only way to get It was the only way to get cattle to marketcattle to market
What three cities in the What three cities in the Midwest became centers of Midwest became centers of the meatpacking industry in the meatpacking industry in
the late 19the late 19thth century? century?
• ChicagoChicago• OmahaOmaha• Kansas CityKansas City
What was the Homestead Act What was the Homestead Act of 1862?of 1862?
• Gave free public land in the Gave free public land in the western territories to settlers western territories to settlers who would live on and farm who would live on and farm the landthe land
According to the SOLs, who According to the SOLs, who moved west to seek new moved west to seek new
opportunities after opportunities after the Civil War?the Civil War?
• SouthernersSoutherners• Especially African-Especially African-
AmericansAmericans
What does one call the What does one call the African-Americans who in African-Americans who in
1879 and 1880 moved from the 1879 and 1880 moved from the South to Kansas to escape South to Kansas to escape
racial violence?racial violence?
• The ExodustersThe Exodusters
What two new technologies What two new technologies opened new lands in the West opened new lands in the West
for settlement and made for settlement and made farming profitable?farming profitable?
• RailroadsRailroads• Mechanical reaperMechanical reaper
What crop did the mechanical What crop did the mechanical reaper harvest?reaper harvest?
• WheatWheat
By 1900, what parts of the By 1900, what parts of the American West had gone from American West had gone from
unsettled frontier to regions unsettled frontier to regions of farms, ranches, and towns?of farms, ranches, and towns?
• The Great PlainsThe Great Plains• The Rocky MountainsThe Rocky Mountains
What happened to the What happened to the American Indians as settlers American Indians as settlers continued to move west from continued to move west from
1865 to 1900?1865 to 1900?
• American Indians were American Indians were forced off their ancestral forced off their ancestral landslands
What did the Dawes Act What did the Dawes Act attack?attack?
• Traditional Indian waysTraditional Indian ways
What federal law first What federal law first offered American offered American
citizenship to Indians?citizenship to Indians?
• The Dawes ActThe Dawes Act
When was the Old When was the Old Immigration?Immigration?
• Before 1880Before 1880• SOLs say “prior to 1871”SOLs say “prior to 1871”
From what region of the From what region of the world did immigrants come world did immigrants come during the Old Immigration?during the Old Immigration?
• Northern and Western Northern and Western EuropeEurope
From what countries did the From what countries did the immigrants come during the immigrants come during the
Old Immigration?Old Immigration?
• GermanyGermany• Great Britain Great Britain • Ireland Ireland • NorwayNorway• SwedenSweden
What is the best way to What is the best way to remember the most important remember the most important
groups of the Old groups of the Old Immigration?Immigration?
• BIGBIG::• BritishBritish• IrishIrish• GermansGermans
When was the New When was the New Immigration?Immigration?
• 1880-World War I1880-World War I• SOLs say “the half-century SOLs say “the half-century
from 1871 until 1921”from 1871 until 1921”
From what region of the world From what region of the world did the New Immigrants did the New Immigrants
come?come?
• Southern and Eastern Southern and Eastern EuropeEurope
From what countries did the From what countries did the immigrants come during the immigrants come during the
New Immigration?New Immigration?
• ItalyItaly• GreeceGreece• PolandPoland• RussiaRussia• Present-day HungaryPresent-day Hungary• Former YugoslaviaFormer Yugoslavia
What is the best way to What is the best way to remember the most important remember the most important
groups of the New groups of the New Immigration?Immigration?
• RIPRIP::• RussiansRussians• ItaliansItalians• PolesPoles
Do the SOLs put Asian Do the SOLs put Asian immigration in the Old immigration in the Old Immigration or the New Immigration or the New
Immigration?Immigration?
• New ImmigrationNew Immigration
What two Asian countries do What two Asian countries do the SOLs include in the New the SOLs include in the New
Immigration?Immigration?
• ChinaChina• JapanJapan
Why did immigrants come to Why did immigrants come to America during the New America during the New
Immigration?Immigration?
• Freedom (political and Freedom (political and religious)religious)
• Better lives for their families Better lives for their families (economic opportunity)(economic opportunity)
How did Chinese immigrants How did Chinese immigrants contribute to the industrial contribute to the industrial
growth of America?growth of America?
• Helped build the Helped build the Transcontinental RailroadTranscontinental Railroad
Where did immigrants work Where did immigrants work in the Northeast during the in the Northeast during the
late 1800s?late 1800s?
• Textile millsTextile mills• Steel millsSteel mills
In what industry did In what industry did immigrants work in New York immigrants work in New York
City in the late 1800s?City in the late 1800s?
• Clothing industryClothing industry
What groups worked in the What groups worked in the coal mines of the East during coal mines of the East during
the late 1800s?the late 1800s?
• SlavsSlavs• ItaliansItalians• PolesPoles
Describe the pay and working Describe the pay and working conditions of most conditions of most
immigrants in the late 19immigrants in the late 19thth century.century.
• Low payLow pay• Dangerous working Dangerous working
conditionsconditions
Where did most European Where did most European immigrants enter America immigrants enter America
during the New Immigration?during the New Immigration?
• Through Ellis Island in New Through Ellis Island in New York harborYork harbor
What was the first view of What was the first view of America of the European America of the European immigrants who entered immigrants who entered
through Ellis Island?through Ellis Island?
• The Statue of LibertyThe Statue of Liberty
What theory says late 19What theory says late 19thth century immigrants were quickly century immigrants were quickly
assimilated (absorbed) into assimilated (absorbed) into American culture?American culture?
• The “Melting Pot” thesisThe “Melting Pot” thesis
Where in the growing cities Where in the growing cities did the “new immigrants” did the “new immigrants”
often settle?often settle?
• In ethnic neighborhoodsIn ethnic neighborhoods
What are ethnic What are ethnic neighborhoods?neighborhoods?
• Neighborhoods of people Neighborhoods of people from the same country or from the same country or cultureculture
According to the “melting pot” According to the “melting pot” thesis, what American thesis, what American
institution served an essential institution served an essential role in the process of role in the process of
assimilating immigrants into assimilating immigrants into American society?American society?
• Public schoolsPublic schools
What types of hardship and What types of hardship and hostility did late 19hostility did late 19thth century century
immigrants often face?immigrants often face?
• Fear and resentment that Fear and resentment that immigrants would take jobs immigrants would take jobs for lower pay than native for lower pay than native born Americansborn Americans
• Religious and cultural Religious and cultural prejudiceprejudice
What two laws limited What two laws limited immigration to the United immigration to the United
States?States?
• Chinese Exclusion Act of Chinese Exclusion Act of 18821882
• Immigration Restriction Act Immigration Restriction Act of 1921of 1921
What cities grew rapidly as What cities grew rapidly as manufacturing and manufacturing and
transportation centers in the late transportation centers in the late 1919thth century? century?
• ChicagoChicago• DetroitDetroit• ClevelandCleveland• PittsburghPittsburgh• New YorkNew York
What provided jobs in the What provided jobs in the large cities during the late large cities during the late
1919thth century? century?
• FactoriesFactories
Where did workers often live Where did workers often live in the large cities of the late in the large cities of the late
1919thth century? century?
• TenementsTenements• SlumsSlums
What are tenements?What are tenements?
• Run-down, low rental Run-down, low rental apartment buildingsapartment buildings
What shortages were created What shortages were created by the rapid growth of cities by the rapid growth of cities
in the late 19in the late 19thth century? century?
• Housing shortagesHousing shortages
What new public services What new public services were needed as a result of the were needed as a result of the
rapid growth of cities in the rapid growth of cities in the late 19late 19thth century? century?
• Sewage systemsSewage systems• Water systemsWater systems• Public transportationPublic transportation
What American city was one What American city was one of the first cities to begin of the first cities to begin construction of a subway construction of a subway
system around the turn of the system around the turn of the 2020thth century? century?
• New York CityNew York City
What type of public What type of public transportation system did transportation system did
many American cities build at many American cities build at the turn of the 20the turn of the 20thth century? century?
• Trolley or streetcar linesTrolley or streetcar lines
As the American population As the American population moved westward after the moved westward after the
Civil War, in what two regions Civil War, in what two regions were many new states added were many new states added
to the United States?to the United States?
• The Great PlainsThe Great Plains• The Rocky MountainsThe Rocky Mountains
By the early 20By the early 20thth century, what century, what states had been admitted to states had been admitted to
the United States?the United States?
• All 48 states that make up All 48 states that make up the continental United Statesthe continental United States
What is the continental United What is the continental United States?States?
• All the states between the All the states between the Atlantic Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean Pacific Ocean