INDIA THE FIRST STOP
FOR EXPLORATION & MINING THROUGH INVESTMENT OF VENTURE CAPITAL-HAVING ENORMOUS POTENTIALITIES
Naga -A
ndaman
fo ld belt
Indo Gangeticalluvial plains
and Thar Desert
Deccan Trap
Himalaya
Peninsular India
INDIA HAS A LONG HERITAGE IN MINING.
The tell - tale evidences left includes:
the old workings,
the slag heaps,
the retorts used for smelting etc.
World was introduced to the splendour of diamond by I ndia in 400BC.
I ndia the sole supplier to the world till discovery of Brazilian(1728) and South African diamond field(1870) .
Ancient mining areas are confined to the Proterozoic conglomerates and younger alluvial gravel beds.
Majhgawan pipe in Panna, MP is only diamond mine.
Recent exploration has located 80 kimberlite pipes of which 22 are diamondiferous.
India is known for its world famous diamonds since historical times.
The celebrated diamonds of India are :
Great Moghul (787.5/289+9/16 ct), the Koh-i-noor, (180 ?/108.93)-Jewel of British CrownPitt/ Regent (410/141 ct), Lover s Museum, ParisNizam (440 ct),Hope, blue diamond (112/67 ct), Smithsonian Inst, WashingtonOrloff(300 ?/189.62 ct),: Kremlin Museum, MoscowDaryia-i- noor(185 ct), Iranian Crown Jewel, TehranSha : (95/88.7 cts) : Kremlin, MoscowGreat Table (250?/Not known) : Iran
The celebrated diamonds known to have been recovered from the mines along the alluvial tracts of Krishna River, perhaps aptly referred to as Diamond River by Ptolemy.
Kohinoor:180/108.93 ct
British Crown JewelDariya I noor:185 ct, Iranian crown Jewel
Hope: 67/45
Orlov:300/189.62
Kremlin, Museum Moscow Smithsonian Inst.
Washington
GOLD
I ndia has gold mining antiquity and was a leading producer from 1897-1937.
Kolar gold field has produced + 800tones of gold.Current production of gold comes from the Achaean
Greenstone belts of Karnataka and Jharkhand.Geological prospectivity exists in :
Achaean Granite-greenstone terrainProterozoic fold belt/ Supracrustal beltGranulite terrain in South I ndiaLaterite and Placer gold
Recent finds: Dona, Achaean Greenstone Terrain,AP : 19 tonnesBhukia ,Proterozoic fold belt of Rajasthan: 94 tonnes
Parasi, Proterozoic fold belt of Jharkhand: 4tonnes
IndiaIndia
India is the biggest consumer of gold. Annual consumption (855 tonnes)
outweighs production (~8Tonnes)
Huge scope for exploration and exploitation with a ready available market
Presence of old workings still considered a strong positive clue for base metal prospecting.Major basemetal deposits being
exploited includes: Khetri (133x1.3), Malanjkhand(236x1.28), RampuraAgucha(61x12-13), Sindheswar(324x4-7), etc
Indian subcontinent has ancient history of base metal (copper) mining and smelting dating back to Harappan and Mahenjodaro civilization (2000-2300 B.C.)
Geological environment and Geographical extent:
Hosted mainly in late-Archaean to early Proterozoic supracrustal belts and granitoids.
BASEMETAL
0 100km
24°
25°
26°
27°
28°
29°
30°
70° 71° 72° 73° 74° 75° 76° 77° 78°
30°
29°
28°
27°
26°
25°
24°
78°77°76°75°74°73°72°71°70°
JAISALMER
BIKANER
BARMER
JALOR
JODHPUR
NAGAUR
GANGANAGAR
HANUMANGARH
CHURU
JHUNJUNU
SIKAR
DAUSA
ALWAR
BHARATPUR
DHAULPUR
SAWAIMADHOPURTONK
BARANKOTA
BUNDI
JHALAWAR
BHILWARA
CHITTORGARH
BANSWARA
DUNGARPUR
UDAIPUR
AJMER
PALI
Mangalwar Complex
Untala & Gingla granites (2.9 Ga)
Sandmata Complex
Berach Granite (2.5 Ga)
Granites & Granulites in Sandmata
Hindoli Group
Aravalli Supergroup
Pur-Banera, Rajpura-Dariba, SawarJahazpur, Jasma-Bhinder beltsLunavada Group
Khetri belt
Delhi Supergroup
Vindhyan Supergroup
Marwar Supergroup
Rakhabdev ultramafics
Mesozoic & Tertiary of Jaisalmer
Deccan Trap
Quaternary
GEOLOGICAL MAP OFRAJASTHAN
(Map outline from 2 million map of GSI)
Digitised by: D.J.Das Gupta, Geologist (Sr), W.R., Jaipur
Sawar belt
Pur Banera belt
Rajpura-Dariba belt
GEOLOGICAL MAP OF RAJASTHAN SHOWING MINERAL DISTRIBUTION
Zawar
Rajpura-Dariba
Agucha
Sawar
Khetri
Bhukia
Kayar
Kho-Dariba
Pur-Banera
Pindwara-Watera
Copper
Lead-ZincGold
Mineral Province map of IndiaMineral Province map of India
Archaean - ProterozoicCu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn, Au, W, U, Mo in volcani-sedimentary sequencesFe, Mn, Mg, Base metals, phosphorite in sedimentary environmentPGE, Cr, Ni, diamond in ultramafic rocksBase metals, Au, Mo associated with acid-intermediate magmatismSn, W, mica, rare metals related to late hydrothermal / pneumatolytic processes
70843738-DOLOMITE9.
247846.8511100025000COAL10.
38095-MANGANESE ORE6.
491(metal) tonnes9.84GOLD ORE7.
213173.4CHROMITE8.
13944553.40COPPER ORE5.
5222414.87LEAD-ZINC ORE4.
17045872229-LIMESTONE3.
33062489254BAUXITE2.
14630(magne.10619)
114705000IRON ORE (Hematite)
1.
Resource Position as on
2005
Resource Position in 1980
Resource Position in
1955
Ore/MineralSl.No
RESOURCES OF MAJOR MINERALS ESTIMATEDRESOURCES OF MAJOR MINERALS ESTIMATED
(Resources in million tonnes unless otherwise stated)(Resources in million tonnes unless otherwise stated)
21098319941178.72(46.66MT reserve)
CHROMITE
606.662 Kg30 Kg553Not estimated
184.47(10.08MTreserve)
GOLD ORE
7.6336173842295.06 ( 104.54MT reserve)
MN-ORE
864 (tonnes)
78,985 (tonnes)38203977084.20DOLOMITE
1036186154,125250170458LIMESTONE
1059 Pb+ 37550 Zn (tonnes)
834(Pb)+ 327.68 Zn Conc. tonnes
366040485.11(100.83MT reserve)
LEAD-ZINC ORE
697.636 (tonnes)
121.173 (tonnes)
2903751338.38(289.57 reserve)
COPPER ORE
441785109562062925.55(524.09 MT reserve)
BAUXITE
52057.094120601100Hm:11425 (6025MT reserve)
Mt :10682 (286 MT reserve)
IRON ORE
Import in thousand tonnes, 2003-04
Export in thousand tonnes
, 2003-04
Production in thousand tonnes,
2003-04
Life index Resource as on 1.1.2000 (IBM)(UNFC)
Mineral commodity
LIFE INDEX, EXPORT IMPORT OF MINERALS
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
Coal Lignite
1955 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
0
100
200
300
400
500
Manganese Chromite Gold
1955 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
Iron Ore Limestone
1955 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
0
5 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 5 0 0
2 0 0 0
2 5 0 0
3 0 0 0
3 5 0 0
C o p p e r o r e L e a d - Z in c o r e B a u x it e
1 9 5 5 1 9 8 0 1 9 9 0 1 9 9 5 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 5
IndiaIndia s ranking in world production of s ranking in world production of mineralsminerals
Wollastonite : FirstBaryte & Chromite : SecondCoal & Lignite : ThirdIron ore : FourthBauxite : SixthMica & Mn ore : EighthMagnesite : Ninth
Exploration success comparable to developed countries in terms of Rickad s index.None to match performance in ferrous minerals and bauxite.In base metals exploration, success rate is better or equal to USA, Australia, Canada and Europe
INDIA EXPLORATION & MINING MISSION
GROWTH OF MINERAL INDUSTRY IN INDIAGROWTH OF MINERAL INDUSTRY IN INDIA
India produces 90 varieties of minerals and recorded production value of US $ 16670 million.
Mineral share in GDP was 2.11% (2004-05)
Fuel mineral account for 76%, Metallic 11% and non-metallic 3%.
9131 ( as on 31.3.2003) Mining leases granted covering 6,20,3.72 sq.km.
India exported Diamond (76.4%), iron ore(10.4%), granite (5%), alumina (1.6%) and precious and semiprecious stones minerals worth US $ 11090 million
INDIA EXPLORATION & MINING MISSION
ALL INDIA POSITIONALL INDIA POSITION
337231412095994581913Diamond(in Carats)
222590010634963289397Bauxite
71785141277213063Chromite
4884653311417Copper(Metal Content)
42,15831,83073,988Barytes
FreeholdResources
LeaseholdResources
TotalResources
Mineral
Resources in 000 Tonnes
ALL INDIA POSITIONALL INDIA POSITION
89901526924259Zinc(Metal)
88631289938378569Manganese Ore
370735007207Lead(Metal)
5676408895397914630387Iron Ore(Haematite)
1011254850693310619481Iron Ore(Magnetite)
15054903919909617170458656Limestone*
1523686898159267Graphite*
FreeholdResources
LeaseholdResources
TotalResources
Mineral
Resources in 000 Tonnes
* Position as on 01.04.2000
I NDI A EXPLORATI ON & MI NI NG MI SSI ON
I ndia comfortably placed in resource position I ndia comfortably placed in resource position and exploitability in several mineral and exploitability in several mineral commodities but is import dependent on quite commodities but is import dependent on quite a few minerals.a few minerals.
To fulfill the rising demands efforts to To fulfill the rising demands efforts to augment the resource base through induction augment the resource base through induction of modern technology and of modern technology and adequate fund flow adequate fund flow is essential. is essential.
To convert the needs into reality, significant To convert the needs into reality, significant changes in the National Mineral Policy have changes in the National Mineral Policy have
been been proposed to the proposed to the Government for Government for consideration.consideration.
STRENGTH :High geological potential & reliable geo-scientific database.
_ Ancient mining activity.Rapidly developing infrastructure.Large technical manpower availability.Political stability & rule of law.Organized banking system & dynamic financial institutions.Investor friendly Govt. policy and new policy initiatives.
INDIA EXPLORATION & MINING MISSION
WeaknessWorld class deposits exist and are being exploited. Available identified prospects are small and medium sized and have been prospected up to a shallow depth.Resources are much more than reserve. Resources have to be converted to reserve.Inadequate availability of venture capital, developing infrastructure, obsolete technology resulted in low productivity.
OpportunityLarge area reconnaissance permit including aerial survey.Exploration and exploitation of thirteen minerals
Conversion of resource to reserve for small and medium sized deposits. Deeper probing to augment reserve.
Modern technology for discovery of concealed deposit and conceptual oriented exploration in known metallogenic provinces and virgin areas..
India continues to be a net importer of minerals and metals.
Opportunities for fresh investmentOpportunities for fresh investmentDevelopment and augmentation of production of surplus commodities like iron ore, bauxite, coal, beach placers etc.
Development of known deposits of economic and marginal deposits of economic and marginal categories awaiting exploitation such as basemetal deposits of Bihar, Rajasthan and some other sectors
Cluster mining of small deposits of gold , tungsten, basemetals etc.
Concept oriented regional scanning in known metallogenic provinces and virgin areas for locating additional resources of gold, diamond, basemetal, tungsten, tin , molybdenum etc.
INDIA EXPLORATION & MINING MISSION
Opportunities for fresh investmentOpportunities for fresh investment
Search for mineral commodities which are yet to be located (except in few places): such as PGE, Ni- sulphide, some rare earths and rare metals in conducive metallogenic provinces.
Development of placer gold resource located along the frontal belt of Himalaya and other selected sectors of Peninsular India.
Exploitation of lateritic nickel in Orissa, molybdenum in Tamil Nadu, Scheelite resource located in various parts of the country and gem stones.
Augmentation of recoverable resources of chromite and manganese.
Development of offshore placers and coal bed methane.
INDIA EXPLORATION & MINING MISSION
Threat
Uncertainty in the field of mineral exploration and the success rate
. Here shall he see no enemy but winter and rough weather .
16% of the world population inhabiting 2.4% of land area will require natural resources for sustainable development.
Shortage of resources of many critical minerals
Low per capita consumption today: accelerated growth likely to trigger off tremendous demand for mineral resources including water.
Conducive environment being created through liberalized mineral policy.
The explorers and miners of this millennium will have to search for natural resources for tangible solutions for the mutual benefits
Technical and scientific manpower available on mutually agreed terms in all the fields of exploration and exploitation from GSI, IBM, MECL.Field visits can be organized as a package deal.Prospect based geochemical maps available. Regional geochemical maps are being generated through Regional geochemical mapping.
Geological map : Quadrangle sheet (1:250,000):India covered by 394 sheets , 282 already available in printed form.Geological map : 1:50,000; India covered by 5014 sheets : 4176 sheets have been compiled and available.Library facility, having a data base of over 155 years is accessible for published material and for unpublished material (reading only).In addition district resource maps and mineral belt maps are also available.Analytical facilities with instruments like ICP-MS, ICP-AES, XRF, GF-AAS etc can be availed.
Derivative maps produced by aero geophysical survey and remote sensing can be available on customized demand.General Information Dossier (GID) giving general picture of the mineral potential of various geological domains/milieu available for : Gold, Diamond, Bauxite, Iron ores, Manganese, Molybdenum, Chromite, Tungsten and Copper-lead-zinc.
Basic data on mineral provinces, belts and known deposits and occurrences available in the form of detailed information dossier (DID): on Gold, Diamond, Bauxite, Iron ores, Manganese, Molybdenum, Chromite, Tungsten and Copper-lead-zinc. DID gives an idea about the potentiality of each block explored so that prospective investors can apply for PL/ML and obtain GSI regional exploration report carried out in various stages (P-I,P-II, E-I & E-II) and MECL detailed exploration report, after getting the mineral concessions.