WebofThings
CounteringFragmentationtounlockthepotentialoftheIoT
DaveRaggett<[email protected]>W3CStaffChampionfortheWebofThings
InternetofThings(IoT)• “IoT”coinedbyKevinAshton
in1999• Generallyusedforsensors
andactuatorsthatareconnectedinsomewaytotheInternet
• Sensingandcontrollingphysicalthingsinconjunctionwithotherdata
• Enablingcollectionofvastamountsofdata
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IoT Applications
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SmartHomes Wearables
Power&Environment SmartCities
Healthcare
Manufacturing
Andmanymanymoreapplicationareas
SomeIoT Benefits– Predictivemaintenance,e.g.forrailwaynetworks,power
stations,manufacturers,etc.• Reduceddowntime,enablingmassivesavings• Reducedmaintenancecostscomparedtofixedschedule• Alsovaluableforconsumers,e.g.cars,washingmachines,etc.
– Analyticsforcostsavingsandenhancedcustomerexperience• Designimprovementsbaseduponstatisticsofuse
– Betterassetutilizationformanufacturinglines• Purchasingandinvestmenttiedtoaccuratedatameasurements• Switchingfrommassproductiontomasscustomization
– Assistivelivingforpeoplewithphysicalorcognitiveimpairments
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Data=ImprovementsinWellbeing
• Aspeoplelivelonger,IoT sensorscanhelptoimprovetheirqualityoflive,andreducecostsofhealthcare,freeingmoneyforotherpurposes
• Anonymousdataminingofhealthcarerecordscanimproveeffectivenessofmedicationandenablethedevelopmentofnewtreatments
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Data=Money• Goodqualitydatacanbe
monetized– Everyonecarrieslocation
sensors(smartphones)– Anonymousdata
collection– Driverslovelivetraffic
data– Plannersneedtrafficdata
forallkindsofpurposes
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ManagingDataAssets• Ratherthanhoardingdata,
companiescanseekafinancialreturnontheirdataassets
• Eitherbylicensinguseoftheirdatafordirectusebyothers
• Orbyprovidingaservicethatotherscanmakeuseof
• Note:Regulatoryimplicationsformonopolycontroloverdatacriticaltosociety
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IoT Landscape
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ManyStandardsOrganizations
9Source: AIOTI WG3 (IoT Standardisation) – Release 2.6
Service&App
B2C(e.g., Consumer Market)
B2B(e.g., Industrial Internet Market)
Connectivity
AIOTI
Open Automotive Alliance
NB-IoTForum
NB-IoTForum
(Technology&MarketingDimensions)
TheIoT isFragmented*• Lotsofincompatibleplatforms,
standardsandtechnologies– Evenwhenusingthesameprotocols
• E.g.OCFandoneM2MbothuseCoAP,butareincompatible
• Thisisholdingbackthemarketpotentialby– Increasingthecostsandcomplexityfor
developers– Increasingtherisksforbothinvestorsand
customers– Makingithardertorealizethevalueofdata
*CES2017– largenumberofincompatiblesmarthomeofferingswithlittlechanceofcommercialsuccess 10
JusthowmuchdoIneedtolearn?• Somanyprotocols,e.g.
CoAP,MQTT,AMQP,HTTP,WebSockets,ZigBee,
Z-wave,Thread,Bluetooth,LPWAN,KNX,
EnOcean,DALI,LwM2M,LoRaWAN,Weightless,
BACnet,HART,HostLink,EtherCat,ModBus,
PROFINET,Profibus,BSAP,MelsecNet,
DirectNet,6LoWPAN,6TiSCH,DASH7,X10,
HomePlug,mDNS,SSDP,….
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CounteringFragmentationwiththeWebofThings
• Makingitmucheasierfordevelopers– Focusonhowtointeractwiththingsassoftware
objectswithproperties,actionsandevents– AvoidtheneedtolearnthedetailsofeachIoT
standardssuiteandprotocols• Makingiteasiertodiscover,compose
andsellservices,independentlyofhowtheyareimplemented– Enablingopenmarketsofservicesonthescaleof
theWorldWideWeb
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It’sallaboutThings
• Thingshaveproperties– Thetemperatureofthisroom– Thestateofalightswitch(onoroff)– Streamofelectrocardiogramreadings
• Thingshaveactions– Fadelampfromdaylighttoawarmsunset
• Thingshaveevents– Thedoorhasjustbeenopened– Thebatteryisgettingverylowandneedsreplacing
• Thingshavemetadata– Whichroomisthissensorin?– Whatisthevendor’sserialnumberforthisdevice?
13Thingshaverelationshipstootherthings,hencethe“web”ofthings
Providingawebofmachineinterpretabledescriptionsofthings
Simple,CommonInteractionModel
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Platform A Platform B
Platform API
Application
Platform API
Application
Interaction Model Interaction Model
SemanticMetadata
Protocol Protocol
Properties
ActionsEvents
Serverprovidesthing Clientconsumesthing
BaseduponLinkedData,availableinJSON
W3CasakeypartnerfortheIoT
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…interconnecting existingInternetofThingsplatformsandcomplementing availablestandards,toreducecosts,reducerisksandboostmarketopportunities
WebofThings
BuildinguponW3C’sstrengthswithwebscaleinteroperability– openwebstandardsforAPIs&metadata
Metadataenablesinteroperabilityl Describetheinterfacesexposedtoapplications
l Describethecommunicationandsecurityrequirementsforaccessingthings
l Describethedatamodels,semantics,anddomainconstraints
Metadatasimplifiesapplicationdevelopmentl Decouplesunderlyingprotocols
l Enablesautomatedtooling
WebofThings• AnabstractionlayeroverheterogeneousIoT
standards,communicationpatterns,protocolsanddataformats
• Applicationsinteractwithsoftwareobjects forthingsthatrepresentphysicalorabstractentities,e.g.sensors,actuators,virtualdevices,cloudservices,etc.
– EachthinghasaURIforitsapplicationcontract
• AnalogoustotheroleplayedbytheInternetasanabstractionlayerfornetworksandnetworkingtechnologythathasenabledtrillionsofdollarsofservicesworldwide
• Webofthingsapplicationplatformscanbelocatedatthenetworkedge,inthefog,inthecloud,peertopeeroracombinationthereof
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App App App App
OPC OneM2M OCF Blue
tooth
...
...
ApplicationContracts
IoT PlatformContracts
InformationmodelsBaseduponLinkedData
Agreementsabout IoTtechnologies &standards
LPWAN
App
IoT protocolsandtechnologies
IoT standardssuitedrivers
Sensorsandactuators
WebofThingsAPIsOtherAPIsApplicationPlatformandmiddleware
Includingtoolsforsecurity,analyticsandmanagement
WebofThingsGroups
• WebofthingsInterestGroup– Launchedearly2015– Pre-standardizationactvities
• Usecasesandrequirements• Experimentalspecs&Plugfests• Liaisonswithexternalgroups• Testframeworks
• WebofthingsWorkingGroup– Launchedearly2017– Crossdomainvocabularyforthingdescriptions– SerializationasJSON– ApplicationAPIs– Securityreviewwithhelpfromothergroups
• SecuritymetadataandcrossplatformapproachesbuildingontopofIoT platformsecurity
https://www.w3.org/WoT/
BeijingF2F,2016
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WebofThings
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LiaisonsReachingouttoindustryalliancesandSDO’stodriveconvergencetounleashthepotential
– OpenConnectivityFoundation– oneM2M– IndustrialInternetConsortium– Plattform Industrie 4.0
Especiallythe“semantics”subgroup– OPCFoundation– IETF/IRTF– IndustrialInternetConsortium– AIOTI– IoT SecurityFoundation– Schema.org– etc.
19Collaborationondemos,testing,security,WebofThingsdrivers,…
EndtoEndSecurity
• SecuringtheWebofthings– Security,Safety,Privacy,Resilience
• Buildinguponexistingsecuritystandards– IETF,IoT SecurityFoundation,IIC,etc.– IoT platforms,e.g.OCF,oneM2M,OPC,…
• WhatadditionalsecuritystandardsareneededforendtoendsecurityacrossdifferentIoT platforms?
– Howto(re)bootstraptrust?– Howtodealwithinsecuredevices?
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Discovery&Installation• Discoveringthingsnearme
– BluetoothBeaconsandBluetoothpeering– NFC,QRcodes,IRandaudiochirps– LANwithmDNS,UPnP,etc.
• Registeringwithhomehuboracloudbasedservice
– IoT devicediscovershuborviceversa• Websitesthatembedmetadataonapps&
services– Fordiscoverybysearchengines
• BrowserAPIforinstallingapponhomehuborcloud
– Browserdialogtorequestuserconsent
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SemanticInteroperability
• Ensuringthatcommunicatingpartiessharethesamemeaning,e.g.
• AtemperaturesensorthatreportsinCelsius.
– Machineinterpretabledescriptionslinkedfrominteractionmodels
– Supportfordiscovery,composition,validation,andadaptationtovariationsindevicesfromdifferentvendors
– Needforlightweightvocabulariesthatmakeiteasyforcompaniestodescribetheirspecificdevices
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WebofThings&LinkedData
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• Alinguafrancafordataandmetadata– Basisforrelatingdataandmetadataindifferent
formatsanddatamodels• Conceptsandtheirrelationshipsaregiven
globallyuniqueidentifiersusingWebaddresses• Theseaddressescanbeusedtoobtainfurther
informationenablingaWebofLinkedData• W3Chasawealthofexperienceindeveloping
semantictechnologystandards– Existingstandards,e.g.OWL ontologylanguage,
SPARQL querylanguage(analogoustoSQL)– Currentworke.g.onshaperulesforvalidation– FutureworkontheCognitiveWebforAIsystems
thatthinkmorelikewedo
UKCompaniesHouseLinkedDataService
LinkedDatamakesiteasytocombinedistributedsourcesofinformation
GettingInvolved
• OpportunitiestojoinWebofThingsInterestandWorkingGroups– Participateinoneormoretaskforces
• Thingdescriptions,APIs,Security,LinkedData&SemanticProcessing,Testing,Liaisons
– Contributetousecasesandrequirements– Contributetotechnicalspecifications
• Formoreinformationpleasecontact– DaveRaggett<[email protected]>,– Yingying Chen<[email protected]>– KazuyukiAshimura <[email protected]>
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Demo
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