Wave OpticsWave Optics
Wave Optics
wave fronts (surfaces of constant action) are orthogonal to rays
Wave Optics
wave fronts (surfaces of constant action) are orthogonal to rays
(a) spherical wave, (b) plane wave(c) dipole wave, (d) dipole wave @ larger distance
Wave Opticsbasic phenomena: reflection, refraction
Wave Opticsbasic phenomena: reflection, refraction
Wave Opticspolarization
Wave Opticspolarization
circular linear
eliptic linear from circular eliptic from circular
linear y linear x unpolarized circular
Stokes Parameters
projection
reflection
refraction
Gaussian Beams
basic relations
Gaussian Beams
basic relations
#0
0
0
0
0
22
20
2#
4200
#2
0
2
20
)arctan()(
)(1)(
)(1)(
FW
z
zz
zz
zz
FWz
FW
z
zzR
WzW
eezi
zRikikz
zWzW
WArU)(
)(2)()(0
2
2
2
0)(
Solution to the wave equation:in Fresnel approximation
Gaussian Beams
wave fronts near the focus
Gaussian Beams
wave fronts near the focus
Radius of curvature
Wave fronts:/2 phase shift relative to spherical wave
Gaussian Beamstransmission through optical components:
basics
Gaussian Beamstransmission through optical components:
basics
22 )()1(
11
0
fz
fz
fz
f
z
Basic relations:
0
0
001
izzq
DCq
BAqqq
T
Matrix optics for Gaussian beams
Gaussian Beamstransmission through optical components:
examples
Gaussian Beamstransmission through optical components:
examples
Ray optics limit:(z-f)>>z0
fzf
r
fzz
MM
MWW
111
00
)(1
)(1
2
2
00
0
0
zf
fz
fz
WW
Beam focusing:lens at waist
00 0
fz
WW zf
For
z0 >>f
Example:beam expander
Gaussian Beamshigher order beams
Gaussian Beamshigher order beams
Hermite-Gaussian Bessel Beams
Wave Opticsdiffraction, interferenceWave Opticsdiffraction, interference
Diffractioncircular aperture
Diffractioncircular aperture
Fresnel DiffractionFresnel Diffraction
Fresnel lensEdge diffraction
Babinet‘s Principle
application of the superposition principle
non diffracted field=diffracted field + complementary field
Babinet‘s Principle
application of the superposition principle
non diffracted field=diffracted field + complementary field
Circular stop Circular aperture
Wave Opticsinterferomteres
Wave Opticsinterferomteres
Multi path IFM
Fourier OpticsFourier Optics
Wave Opticsmultiple beam interference
Wave Opticsmultiple beam interference