Download ppt - Water is life Virtually everything we do or use each day involves water. Yet, we do not give it the importance that is due to it. India will soon be a

Water is life

Virtually everything we do or use each day involves water. Yet, we do not give it the importance that is due to it. India will soon be a water-stressed country and we all need to work towards our water security. Simple actions can be adopted to reduce the wastage of water and use it wisely.

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Water audit for a school

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• INTRODUCTION– What is a Water Audit? – How does it help?– Importance of Water Audit – Myths– Audit types

• AUDIT PROCESS– Conducting Audits – First Steps– Measurements, Water Consumption– Water consumption Pattern

• MOVING AHEAD– Identifying and Fixing the Problem– Water Conservation– Awareness

CONTENTS

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Definition: Water Audit is a qualitative and quantitative analysis of water consumption to identify means of Reducing, Reusing and Recycling of water.

INTRODUCTION

AUDIT PROCESS

MOVING AHEAD4

HOW DOES IT HELP?

• A water audit can help save money by reducing school water bills

• Water conservation helps our cities – Cities are stressed for water resources.

• A water audit will help reduce wastage and unnecessary use.

• It makes the students more aware and responsible.

• A water audit can be a student project that encompasses a number of subjects

INTRODUCTION

AUDIT PROCESS

MOVING AHEAD5

It is possible to cut your water usage by 10-30% by implementing simple conservation measures

DID YOU KNOW?

INTRODUCTION

AUDIT PROCESS

MOVING AHEAD6

IMPORTANCE OF WATER AUDIT

• Systematic process

• May yield some surprising results

• Easier to work on solutions when the problems are identified

• A tracking mechanism can be put into place

INTRODUCTION

AUDIT PROCESS

MOVING AHEAD7

MYTHS

Doesn’t compromise on quality of water

Doesn’t make water a priority over studies

Doesn't require the student to stay beyond school hours

INTRODUCTIONAUDIT PROCESS

MOVING AHEAD8

AUDIT PROCESS

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Planning and process finalization

AUDIT PROCESS

Measurements

Calculations

Audit observations

Report

Discussions

Zeroing in on conservation steps that can be taken

Implementation

INTRODUCTION

AUDIT PROCESS

MOVING AHEAD10

Decide the time period of your water audit

1 day/yr, 1 wk/yr, 1 month/yr, 1 day/Season

INTRODUCTION

AUDIT PROCESS

MOVING AHEAD11

FIRST STEPS MEASUREMENTS

INTRODUCTION

AUDIT PROCESS

MOVING AHEAD12

What are the sources of water for the school ?

• Municipal supply• Bore well• Dug well• Tankers • Others

INTRODUCTION

AUDIT PROCESS

MOVING AHEAD

MEASUREMENTS- SUPPLY

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Bore well and Dug well supplies…

1. Measure flow rate ( time taken to fill a 10 litre bucket at the outlet of the pump.)

3. Use these two to calculate the quantity of water withdrawn

2. Keep a track of number of hours the pump is on in a day (record every day of the week for two weeks).

FIRST STEPS- MEASUREMENTS

INTRODUCTION

AUDIT PROCESS

MOVING AHEAD

Estimate the quantity of water supplied from each source

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Estimate the quantity of water supplied from each source

MEASUREMENTS- SUPPLY

Municipal SupplyTabulate monthly municipal water supply (from bills) for the past three years in the supply tracking sheet

For tankers….Using bills, tabulate the amount of water received on a monthly basis using the supply tracking sheet

INTRODUCTION

AUDIT PROCESS

MOVING AHEAD14

Tabulate consumption patterns and depict using graphical tools

Map the water points and usage areas• Draw a plan of the school premises showing the building and main features. • Mark the water supply inlets and storage tanks

INTRODUCTION

AUDIT PROCESS

MOVING AHEAD


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Municipal supplyBore wellDug wellTankers

•Mark all water points (toilets, hand wash points, Sinks in labs, drinking water fountains, canteen, irrigation taps, water meters, pumps etc.

•Identify each point with an alphanumeric code

•Colour code freshwater and waste water lines

• Mark where the waste water goes.

• Mark the storm water drain system in the premises, if any.

INTRODUCTION

AUDIT PROCESS

MOVING AHEAD17


L1 L2 L3 L4 L5

GT1 GT2 GT3 GT4

BT1 BT2 BT3 BT4

L- INLETL- OUTLET

GT- INLET

GT- OUTLET

BT- INLET

BT- OUTLET

CT1 CT2 CT3

C- INLET

C- OUTLET

WASH

BOYS TOILET

GARDEN

WATER TANK

PUMP HOUSE

WATER INLET

DRAIN PIPE

MUNCIPALITY SEWER

DRINKING TAP

GIRLS TOILET

WASH

LAB

KITCHEN

WATER TANK

DRAIN PIPE

Municipal supplyBore wellDug wellTankers

DN1

INTRODUCTION

AUDIT PROCESS

MOVING AHEAD18

UNDERGROUND SUMP

DRAW A WATER FLOW CHART

Supply

WashingW1 W2 Wn

GardeningG1 G2 Gn

DrinkingD1 D2 Dn

Underground Sump

ToiletsT1 T2 Tn

Sewage

Overhead Tank

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INTRODUCTION

AUDIT PROCESS

MOVING AHEAD


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Calculations :water consumption

• Can you meter water consumption at various inlet points?

• Meters are expensive.

• Can you purchase one meter and use it in rotation to monitor water use at different locations?

• If you cannot afford a meter, use surveys, observations and calculations

INTRODUCTION

AUDIT PROCESS

MOVING AHEAD20

• Calculate the flow of water using a measuring jar and a stop watch.

• Monitor / survey the time for which the tap is open in a day.

• Fill this data in the consumption tracking sheet.

Estimating Water use without a meter

Calculations,

water consumption

INTRODUCTION

AUDIT PROCESS

MOVING AHEAD

Calculate the quantity of water that flows out through each tap.

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• To calculate flow of toilets, turn off the water supply to the toilet, mark the water line on the inside of the tank, flush and then fill the tank with water from mug.

• Measure the volume of one mug and record number of mugs required to fill water back up to the water line mark.

• Monitor / survey the number of times each toilet is used.

•Fill this data in the consumption tracking sheet. INTRODUCTION

AUDIT PROCESS

MOVING AHEAD

Calculations, water Consumption

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• Follow similar procedures to estimate water use at each water outlet.

• The consumption tracking sheet will help you calculate the total quantity of water used in a day.

Calculations, water consumption

Estimating Water use without a meter

INTRODUCTION

AUDIT PROCESS

MOVING AHEAD

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AUDIT OBSERVATIONS

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Speak to the person in charge of the water valves and pumps.

• Is water usage planned or is pump switched on when water levels in the tank are low?

• What monitoring mechanisms are in place to check tank overflow?

• How often does the tank overflow?

• How much water is wasted each time the tank overflows?

SUPPLY INPUT

INTRODUCTION

AUDIT PROCESS

MOVING AHEAD25

FIXTURES AND FITTINGS

• At each water outlet point make a note of:

• Type of fixture (dual flush toilet, capacity of flush tank, type of tap spring-loaded / screw type / lever, etc.)

• Notice condition of fixtures – dirty, stuck, leaking, broken etc.

INTRODUCTION

AUDIT PROCESS

MOVING AHEAD26

ANALYSIS AND REPORT

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WATER CONSUMPTION PATTERN

When tabulating the consumption patterns, you may come across varied results from the normal.

INTRODUCTION

AUDIT PROCESS

MOVING AHEAD28

Consumption of water in winter may be less

Consumption of water in summer just before the holidays may be high

Rainy season – you might not consume water for gardening purpose

Exams, Weekends and Holidays – water consumption

is likely to be less

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INTRODUCTION

AUDIT PROCESS

MOVING AHEAD

Allow for variations due to the above reasons when you are analysing the tabulated results

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Supply

Overhead Tank

Washing Toilets Gardening Drinking

X

Y = ?X

0.4Y 0.25Y 0.3Y 0.05Y

Sewage

Underground Sump

Leaks Leaks

Quantify water use in a Flowchart INTRODUCTION

AUDIT PROCESS

MOVING AHEAD

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IS THERE A PROBLEM?

Ideal scenario : no losses

There is a problem : losses > 30%

Average scenario : 15 – 30% losses

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INTRODUCTION

AUDIT PROCESS

MOVING AHEAD

DISCUSSIONS AND TAKING THE RIGHT STEPS

MOVING AHEAD

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FIRST, FIX THE PROBLEMS

• Identify the points where there are losses

• Identify the solutions

• Assign the responsibility for implementation.

• Implement the solutions

• Prepare a Monitoring schedule

• Assign a person for monitoring.

Leaks and overflow

INTRODUCTION

AUDIT PROCESS

MOVING AHEAD33

4. List down your Suggestions for each area where water is used

1. Represent water usage graphically

WAYS TO CONSERVE WATER

2. Identify areas where water can be conserved

3. Conduct Group discussions and brainstorming sessions

INTRODUCTION

AUDIT PROCESS

MOVING AHEAD34

Keep a check on hoses in the garden

Try out efficient devices like the spray nozzles

Drip Irrigation

Plant native plants that require less water

Change the ground surfaces and vegetation to control run off in the school grounds

Water the roots of the plant and don't splash water all around


Garden

INTRODUCTION

AUDIT PROCESS

MOVING AHEAD35

Toilets and washing points

• Reduce the flush water volume in toilets.

• Replace single flush cisterns with dual flush

• Install low flow fixtures for taps.


Install a rainwater harvesting system and use the water for toilets, cleaning floors and gardening.

INTRODUCTION

AUDIT PROCESS

MOVING AHEAD36

Suggest solutions for these spaces.

Can the water from the wash area be diverted to the garden area for watering the plants ?

TOILET

WASH

LAB

INTRODUCTION

AUDIT PROCESS

MOVING AHEAD37

1. Create interesting awareness programmes.

2. Praise the water audit and water conservation teams during assembly.

3. Request students not to play with water taps.

AWARENESS

INTRODUCTION

AUDIT PROCESS

MOVING AHEAD38

DARWIN ADVISES

• Everything evolves, including water conservation programs.

• Learn from other schools what works and what doesn’t.

• Analyze your situation for the pieces that fit.

• Document….document…. to disseminate it to others.

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INTRODUCTION

AUDIT PROCESS

MOVING AHEAD