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8/14/2019 Waste Management_Bhavin Shah_IIM Indore

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Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)

Management

Bhavin Shah

IIM Indore


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Some facts on MSW in Mumbai

Area of Municipal Corporation: 437 sq.km

MSW generation: 500 gms in societies | 300 gms in slums

Total MSW generation: 8000 MT/day

Biodegradable: 62.44% | Recyclables: 16.66%

Number of landfills: 3

Door-to-Door Household coverage : 20%

Collection Efficiency: 86.2%

Open Burning of MSW: 16%

Sources: Faisal Zia Siddiqui, Evaluation of Emmission Load & Energy Potential of MSW in Selected Cities of India, May 2009; MCGM, MSW Proforma, 2009


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The current state of MSW in Mumbai

Sweeping

Area: 1800 km

No of Sweepers:

Departmental 12,000

Contracted 2100

Collection, Storage & Transportation

Collection: Through own vehicles &

contracted vehicles

Segregation:

At source at 600 Area Locality

Managements

Collected in Segregated & Mixed forms

Frequency: once/twice/thrice per day

No of collection points: 6200

Transportation: 600+

Processing

Processing: 100 MT/day (Vermiculture)

Compost produced: 20 MT/day

Recycling: This work is given to one NGOGeetanjali industries in K- East and K-West

ward

Selling of Compost

Mostly done by NGOs

Energy

Two plants of Bio-methanation, in joint

venture, with BARC are set up at

Govendi Centenary Hospital and at

Deonar abattoir.

Current State of Privatization

Sweeping: partially given to NGOs in some areas

Transportation: 50% private and 50% BMCDoor-to-door collection: 50 % done by private

agencies

Processing of MSW: Done by NGOs at Dadar,

Colaba, Versova and Deonar

Community collection: BMC and Private

Sanitary landfilling: Privatised partially

{ Cost of SWM services in Rupees per capita per year : Rs. 391.55 (approx) }


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A public private partnership between the

municipality and a private agency

Community based systems with infrastructure

support from the municipality

Waste collection, segregation and

transportation done by the

municipality/authorized body and processing

done by a waste to energy plant

Proposed Alternatives


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The labour will remain on the payroll of themunicipality while the complete end-to-end processwill be handled by the private agency

Pros: Collection efficiency is improved

Cost recovery is higher since the private agency will ensurethat the waste is disposed efficiently

Better implementation of waste segregation by way ofawareness programs

Cons: Difficulty in coordinating with labour

Difficulty in changing the nature of dumping grounds andother infrastructure

Alternative 1: A public private partnership between the municipality and aprivate agency


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Encourage community based systems with the help ofNGOs with infrastructure support provided by themunicipality

Pros: Implementation would be easy since the scale for each

community would be small Easy to replicate model across different communities

Segregation would be easy to enforce since it is on a smallerscale

Cons:

Strong local leaders required to implement the systemsuccessfully throughout all communities

Needs to be customized for each area since the demographicsvary for each area

Accounting issues might arise in cost recovery

Alternative 2: Community based systems with infrastructure support from themunicipality


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The cost can be recovered to a large extent if the waste ishanded over to a private waste to energy conversion plant

Waste can be processed completely by the energy plantresulting in higher efficiency

Pros:

Financially attractive alternative as a major chunk of the costcan be recovered by the private plant

Dumping grounds can be handled by the energy plant onsubsidies from the government

Municipality handles the collection and transportation

Energy can be used effectively by small communities around thedumping yard

Cons: Co-ordination between the 2 parties may create problems

Initial setup costs will be high

Alternative 3: Waste collection, segregation and transportation done by themunicipality/authorized body and processing done by a waste to energy plant


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Alternative 3 seems to be a good option at

this point of time

It will help solve twin problems of waste

disposal and energy generation

Financially attractive solution in the long term

Recommendation


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The cycle begins with the collection ofresidential and commercial waste.

The waste is then transported toWaste Management landfills forpermanent disposal. This is when theprivate agency takes over.

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Much of this waste, including food,paper and cardboard, is organic in

nature. Anaerobic bacteria digest

this organic waste and produce

methane gas and carbon dioxide as

natural by products.

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The methane gas is recovered via

a series of wells drilled into the

landfill. These wells are connected

by a common pipe system that

collects the gas and transports it

to a nearby compression facility.

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At the compression facility, the landfill

gas is de-watered, filtered and

pressurized.

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The gas is piped to an electricity

generating plant where it is used as fuel

to turn engines or turbines to generate

electricity. Landfill gas may also be

piped offsite to industrial customers foruse as an alternative fuel source.

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To complete the cycle, the electricity is

delivered via utility transmission lines

to residential and commercial

customers.

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