Vortex Oil Study
Tender Summary
Issue Date: 19th October 2016
Client Document ID: Public Tender No’s 1-4
Fjords Reference Number: E14788-PD-001 Rev 00
Fjords Processing Ltd
Flotta, Stromness, Orkney, KW16 3NP, United Kingdom
Tel: (+44) 1856 702000 | www.fjordsprocessing.com
Registered in United Kingdom, registration no. 2816402 Confidential © 2016 Fjords Processing
Client
Vortex Oil Engineering S.A., Poland
Client Contact
Sergey Jakimov
Co-founder
T: +371 26354885
Contractor
Fjords Processing Ltd
Address: Flotta, Stromness, Orkney, KW16 3NP, UK.
for further information contact
Andrew Cromarty, Projects Engineer
T: +44 (0)1856 702007
The information contained in this document is confidential and proprietary and is the property of Fjords Processing
Ltd and the document should be maintained in the strictest of confidence. Other than for the purposes of review or
evaluation, the contents must not be disclosed to any third party without the express and written approval of Fjords
Processing Ltd.
Rev Date Description Author Checked Approved
00 19/10/16 Vortex Oil Tender Summary AC MS EK
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E14788 – Vortex Oil Study
Tender Summary
Contents
1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................. 2
2.0 Background and Capabilities ..................................................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Benefits from Utilising Fjords ..................................................................................................................................... 4
2.2 Previous Experience ................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.2.1 Fjords EOR Experience Summary ........................................................................................................................... 4
2.2.1.1 BP Schiehallion EOR Polymer Testing (2010) .................................................................................................... 4
2.2.1.2 EOR JIP (2011-2013) ........................................................................................................................................... 5
2.2.1.3 Statoil Peregrino PWT EOR Testing (2014) ......................................................................................................... 6
2.2.1.4 Cairn India ASP Pilot Fluids Characterisation Study (2014) .............................................................................. 6
2.2.1.5 BP Quad 204 EOR Hydrocyclone & CFU Testing (2016) .................................................................................... 6
2.2.1.6 EOR JIP Phase 3 – ASP Testing (2017) ............................................................................................................... 6
2.2.2 Computation Fluid Dynamics (CFD) ........................................................................................................................ 6
3.0 Vortex Oil Tender Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 8
3.1 Tender No. 1 ............................................................................................................................................................... 8
3.2 Tender No. 2 ............................................................................................................................................................. 10
3.3 Tender No. 3 ............................................................................................................................................................. 10
3.4 Tender No. 4 ............................................................................................................................................................. 11
4.0 Resources ................................................................................................................................................................. 14
5.0 HSEQ Management Systems ................................................................................................................................... 15
5.1 HSE ............................................................................................................................................................................ 15
5.2 QA / QC...................................................................................................................................................................... 16
6.0 Commercial & Schedule ........................................................................................................................................... 16
Appendix A – Public Tender Offer forms ........................................................................................................................... 17
Appendix B – Fjords Test Facility Services ....................................................................................................................... 30
Table 1 – Summary of Public Tender Documents ............................................................................................................. 2
Table 2 – Fjords Tender No. 1 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 8
Table 3 – Fjords Tender No. 2 Summary .......................................................................................................................... 10
Table 4 – Fjords Tender No. 3 Summary .......................................................................................................................... 11
Table 5 – Fjords Tender No. 4 Summary .......................................................................................................................... 12
Figure 1 – Fjords Processing Company Overview .............................................................................................................. 2
Figure 2 – Fjords Test Facility Overview ............................................................................................................................. 3
Figure 3 - Analytical images generated onsite ................................................................................................................... 4
Figure 4 - Fjords CFD Evaluation Examples ........................................................................................................................ 7
Figure 5 – Fjords Tender No. 1: Proposed Vortex Device EOR Trials Test Loop PFD ....................................................... 9
Figure 6 – Fjords Tender No. 4: Proposed Separation Trials Test Loop PFD ................................................................. 13
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1.0 Introduction
Fjords Processing Ltd. (Fjords) has been invited to participate in a public tender process for Vortex Oil Engineering
S.A. (Vortex Oil) in relation to carrying out research and development activities. There are four different tender
documents and the subject of each tender has been included below for reference:
Tender Tender Subject Summary
T1 Research on the efficiency of vortex effect in fine mixing of injection water with polymers. Possibility of
combination between two IOR methods - Vortex and polymer addition.
T2
Formulation of initial and boundary conditions for mathematical modelling of vortex impact on
injection water properties using flow modelling software;
To build mathematical models of vortex phenomenon and its impact on injection water with the use of
computational fluid dynamics;
To model water injection flows in particular designs of vortex devices;
To develop computational tools for design of various geometric parameters of components of vortex
devices;
To develop user interface, design algorithms and software package for computer aided design of
vortex devices.
T3
To simulate the behavioural pattern of the Vortex-modified fluid in the layer/formation, as compared
to the non-treated injection water;
Analysis of influence of changes in temperature, pressure as well as of dampening along the water
injection well on the properties of injection water processed with the use of vortex phenomenon;
Estimation of the average contamination rate of injection water;
Explanation of injection water behaviour in the oil formation.
T4 Research on the effect of vortex treatment on separability of water from oil after the extraction of fluid.
Table 1 – Summary of Public Tender Documents
At the date of tender submission, information provided by Vortex Oil is relatively high level; therefore, limited
commercial or schedule details can be included at this stage. However, this document aims to demonstrate that
Fjords have the necessary experience and capabilities, in order to undertake this study for Vortex Oil and would
welcome the opportunity to discuss this project in more detail in due course.
Due to the recent company changes, the following is a quick overview for clarity. Opus Maxim Ltd (OPUS) was
acquired by Aker Solutions ASA in late 2013 and some restructuring followed, with a split into two separate
companies; Aker Solutions ASA and the new oil services investment company, Akastor ASA. In September 2015,
Opus was officially rebranded as Fjords Processing Ltd, within Akastor ASA, as the historical overview further
illustrates in Figure 1. The changes have all been positive, with the added benefit of support within the wider Fjords
Processing network and an expanded technology portfolio and consultancy offering now available to our clients.
Figure 1 – Fjords Processing Company Overview
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2.0 Background and Capabilities
The test facility at Fjords, which was originally opened in 1988, was set up to support the development and testing
of full scale offshore water treatment and monitoring equipment. A wide range of industry projects has been
conducted since the facility was opened, covering almost every type of effluent treatment and monitoring
technology in use, either offshore or onshore. Work has been carried out for individual operators, equipment
vendors, NGO’s, research funders as well as consortiums of companies on a Joint Industry Project (JIP) basis.
Fjords provide a comprehensive resource for clients wishing to evaluate and validate a process technology. Our test
facilities enable us to demonstrate the effectiveness of the equipment under controlled conditions. Our clients want
confirmation of their investment decisions and the ability to assess technologies prior to purchase is extremely
valuable. Our technology validation services provide an objective means for testing individual pieces of equipment
and complete processes. Technology developers make use of our independent and confidential service for
performance testing of their products before introducing them to the market. Our test facilities have also been used
for product certification and aiding market promotion via independent trials.
Fjords provide highly adaptable processes that can be tailored to the requirements of each individual project and
the needs of the client. Fjords can vary all conditions throughout the testing to ensure that the technology is fully
evaluated, even when the aims of the project have changed during the test programme.
Fjords Chemistry Services have an international reach and employ the latest analytical instrumentation and
methods, so that you get the most accurate and reliable results. Fjords personnel are trained to the highest
standards and have an in-depth knowledge of their fields, including practical experience in offshore environments
to both international and local regulations and standards.
Fjords offer a wide range of services that can be tailored to meet your particular requirements, from a
comprehensive laboratory study to a one-of test, either at our facility on Flotta or your facility worldwide. Fjords
experienced chemists offer a range of oilfield chemistry services and consultancy. Our capabilities cover a wide
range of services from oil-in-water concentration to detailed Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) polymer analysis.
Fjords can provide analysis to support pilot scale testing or conduct detailed laboratory scale studies
A more detailed specification on our test facilities and laboratory facilities can be found in Appendix B.
Figure 2 – Fjords Test Facility Overview
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2.1 Benefits from Utilising Fjords
Fjords contribute specialist knowledge and understanding, gained over many years’ experience, to provide a
comprehensive testing service. Having this prior understanding, we can ensure clients optimise their budgets for
maximum return. A summary of the benefits of utilising Fjords test facility are as follows:
Actual or near field fluid conditions provide high confidence levels in technology testing.
Safe, trouble free discharge of effluent from the testing, allowing once through flow, maintaining consistent
feed operating parameters.
Provides enhanced security of investment, with the opportunity to verify performance and operating
envelopes before commitment to purchase.
A cost effective way of gaining comparative data on available technologies prior to selection.
On site heavy and medium crude oil ensures valid operating conditions and simplifies logistics and
safety/environmental aspects.
Confidentiality and security in results demanded by the Oil and Gas industry.
Expertise of the Fjords team provides added value, a versatile service to clients requiring performance
validation, product research or product development.
Extensive support facilities including analytical laboratories and equipment, fabrication workshop and
mechanical handling, providing a comprehensive resource.
Combined resources are fundamental to the Fjords approach, enabling us to offer a truly holistic solution.
Figure 3 - Analytical images generated onsite
2.2 Previous Experience
Fjords are ideally placed to undertake this study for Vortex Oil as we have completed numerous other similar types
of projects in recent years, as the following selection of recent projects demonstrates. We have focussed on our
recent Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) projects, as there are important crossovers with the requirements of the Vortex
Oil tenders and they also highlight the unique capabilities of the Fjords test facility.
2.2.1 Fjords EOR Experience Summary
A summary of the experience Fjords has built up in the field of EOR to date is provided below. This gives a brief
overview of all current and completed projects, along with any future planned or proposed projects. It
demonstrates the value major oil companies have and continue to place upon Fjords, with the success of previous
projects leading to new projects and more complex testing requirements. Fjords is now regarded as one of the
leading EOR R&D test facilities, with extensive testing carried out on bulk separation and PWT (Produced Water
Treatment) technologies, such as the Fjords CFU, Hydrocyclone, Mare’s Tail coalescer and other 3rd party vendors.
The EOR test loop has unique capabilities to create representative produced fluids for separation evaluation.
2.2.1.1 BP Schiehallion EOR Polymer Testing (2010)
Fjords conducted a series of tests for BP to investigate the suitability of their Schiehallion field for EOR and polymer
flooding in particular. BP understood the benefit of polymer flooding; however, the effect of back produced polymer
returning to the topside FPSO was unknown and the main objective of the testing was to simulate representative
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bulk fluids (with Schiehallion crude oil) in order to understand and evaluate the effect of polymer (SNF’s FLOPAAM
3630S) on separation.
An initial design stage utilised Fjords scaling methodologies to design the bulk separator and representative test
loop, to simulate produced polymer fluids. The test matrix was then developed in collaboration with BP to
investigate a range of fluid conditions and test parameters.
2.2.1.2 EOR JIP (2011-2013)
The EOR Joint Industry Project (JIP) was set up to investigate the effect of EOR on the separation efficiency of
produced fluids technologies and initially focused on HPAM (FLOPAAM 3630S) polymer flooding. The JIP
commenced in 2011 and originally consisted of 5 partners, which expanded to a total of 7 partners, as illustrated:
Phase 1 of the EOR JIP was completed in September 2013 and investigated the effect of HPAM (FLOPAAM 3630S)
polymer flooding, on produced fluids and separation technologies, with a medium crude (API 36) used throughout
the various test stages. The JIP structure was designed to be progressive in nature, whereby each part was used to
feed into the next, as outlined below:
Part A: Desk Study: Literature Review;
Theoretical Process & Technology Review;
Scaling & Testing Methodology.
Part B: Lab Trials: Preliminary Lab Trials;
Baseline Lab Trials;
Repeat Baseline & Demulsifier Lab Trials.
Part C: Field Scale Trials:
Bulk Separation Trials;
PWT 1 Hydrocyclone Trials;
PWT 2 Fjords CFU Trials;
PWT 3 CoalesSense Trials.
The JIP began with a desk study literature review to provide a comprehensive understanding of current EOR
technologies/methodologies and to build upon completed work rather than repeating work unnecessarily. The desk
study also consisted of a theoretical process review, a technology / concept review and finally the scaling and
testing methodology section. The main outcome was the identification of separation technologies suitable for
testing and the design of a test loop in order to simulate representative test fluids to meet the different fluid
conditions and test parameters required for investigation within the test programme.
Prior to the field-scale trials, detailed laboratory trials were carried out to provide analytical and baseline
information on the separability of the fluids at all of the proposed test conditions. The results of laboratory trials
were then used to help establish the test conditions for the field scale trials.
The field scale trials involved a comprehensive investigation into the effect of polymer on bulk separation and
various PWT technologies. Extensive installation and commissioning phases ensured representative test fluids
were created in order to evaluate separation performance. Each test phase was carried out in conjunction with the
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JIP partners and following the initial baseline test matrix, the effect of varying different parameters, such as:
temperature, shear / polymer degradation, use of production chemicals and varying residence times were
investigated. Following the ground breaking work completed during Phase 1, all of the JIP partners were in full
agreement to extend the JIP.
Phase 2 of the EOR JIP has also been completed; the primary objective of which was to extend the testing
programmes from Phase 1 to investigate the impact of heavier crude oil (API 19) on polymer produced fluids
separation. The laboratory trials were extended to include the heavier crude and to optimise some of the analysis
methods, following the Phase 1 findings. The Phase 2 bulk separation and PWT trials expanded the extensive
knowledge already gathered with the Fjords CFU and hydrocyclone technologies and back produced polymer fluids.
2.2.1.3 Statoil Peregrino PWT EOR Testing (2014)
As an extension to the EOR JIP, Statoil instructed Fjords to carry out additional PWT testing with their Peregrino
crude in order to evaluate the suitability of their current PWT treatment process for polymer produced fluids.
Laboratory trials and PWT trials (Fjords hydrocyclone & CFU) were similar to the EOR JIP; however, the scope was
extended to include chemical degradation of polymer and potential mitigation options. Statoil’s commitment to
further testing verified the high quality of the EOR JIP and the value placed on Fjords’ EOR experience.
2.2.1.4 Cairn India ASP Pilot Fluids Characterisation Study (2014)
Cairn India became aware of the EOR JIP and contacted Fjords to carry out a Fluids Characterisation study on site,
to coincide with their pilot ASP flooding and back production. The study utilised some of the specialist analytical
techniques developed during the EOR JIP and applied them to live fluids in the field, with the evaluation of the
results forming the basis for recommendations for further study and process upgrade options.
2.2.1.5 BP Quad 204 EOR Hydrocyclone & CFU Testing (2016)
Following the EOR Joint Industry Project (EOR JIP) and the previous BP Schiehallion EOR Bulk Separation Trials in
2010, BP requested additional EOR testing with Schiehallion crude oil stored at the Fjords Processing (Fjords) Test
Facility.
The focus of this work was produced water treatment with Hydrocyclone testing and additional CFU testing as the
next stage of the Quad 204 EOR project, which is a joint venture between BP, Shell and OMV. The objective of the
trials was to measure the impact of polymer on hydrocyclone and CFU performance at varying operational
parameters and feed conditions.
2.2.1.6 EOR JIP Phase 3 – ASP Testing (2017)
Phase 3 is yet to be confirmed but all of the existing JIP partners have indicated a desire to extend the JIP into
Phase 3, with ASP testing being the likely direction. This is testament to the success of the EOR JIP and highlights
the continued involvement of Fjords Processing, at the forefront of EOR R&D.
2.2.2 Computation Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
CFD has become an integral part of the engineering design and analysis environment of many companies because
of its ability to predict the performance of new designs or processes before they are ever manufactured or
implemented. Fjords prides itself in being able to leverage the full capabilities of the software available to be able
to solve even the most complex flow problems on behalf of our clients. We have extensive experience in modelling
multiphase flow behaviours for the oil and gas industry which we apply in conjunction with our other capabilities to
provide our clients with a customer experience that they appreciate and respect.
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Fjords have evaluated all types of technologies and vessels utilising CFD, with some of the more relevant images of
Hydrocyclone deoiling technologies illustrated below, which show some complex vortex evaluations.
Figure 4 - Fjords CFD Evaluation Examples
The CFD code utilised by Fjords is Star-CCM+, which applies the robust meshing algorithms built into this software
to generate structured grids around inherently complicated geometries. This permits modelling with ease in a time
efficient manner. The Star-CCM+ software predicts what will happen, quantitatively, when fluids flow through a
defined space and the range of physical models that can be considered as part of an analysis is
extensive. Multiphase flows, compressible flows, fluid structure interactions, combustion, convective and radiative
heat transfer and aero/hydro-acoustics can all be simulated from within this single operating environment. This
makes Star-CCM+ a very powerful modelling tool when it is placed in the right hands.
The geometry is created using 3D CAD modelling software and is then imported into Star-CCM+ for mesh
generation, problem set up, problem solving and post processing. Quality processes are adhered to ensure
accurate simulation activities and where possible we always prefer validate CFD results against physical test or field
data or at the very least theoretical assessment.
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3.0 Vortex Oil Tender Summary
Fjords confirm that they have the relevant capabilities and experience to undertake all four Public Tenders and
Fjords will largely conduct the work in-house, in the UK. The key personnel will have been involved with many of the
previous similar projects (see Section 4.0 for more information on Key Personnel). In addition, Fjords Processing is
a global company, having offices in fifteen countries on five continents. Some office regions have specialised
knowledge areas and Fjords UK would utilise this wide knowledge base to fill any potential gaps for this study.
Fjords also collaborate with various external suppliers where necessary, such as SNF Floerger, who we have an
excellent working relationship with, having collaborated closely with them on many previous EOR projects.
Each Public Tender will now be discussed in more detail within the following sub-sections and the signed Public
Tender offer forms can be found within Appendix A.
3.1 Tender No. 1
Fjords Tender No. 1 has been summarised in Table 2 and the phased approach builds upon the recent successful
EOR projects. The proposed test loop PFD is shown in Figure 5 and builds upon our previous EOR test loops, with
some improvements made in terms of controlling each phase and operation of the test loop in general.
Fjords Tender No. 1 Summary Value
(EUR)
Phase 1 – Project Planning, including:
General project management, procurement and planning.
Confirm test matrix with Vortex Oil and clarify the most important variables to investigate initially,
e.g. flowrate, temperature, pressure, oil concentration, polymer concentration & salinity.
Confirm test loop design with respect to the test loop requirements.
Health & Safety assessment and work pack creation, prior to installation etc.
Phase 2 – Installation, including:
Test loop installation, as per the confirmed design and HSE requirements.
Phase 3 – Commissioning, including:
General test loop commissioning;
Water phase / polymer injection commissioning;
Crude oil dosing commissioning and verification (including Oil in Water (OIW) calibration);
Vortex Oil device operation and commissioning.
Phase 4 – Testing, including:
Base case testing, as per the confirmed test matrix (TBC).
Sensitivity Cases, as per expected field conditions (TBC) and potentially including:
Varied flowrate (low, medium, high);
Varied temperature (low, medium, high);
Pressure (low, medium, high);
OIW concentration (low, medium, high);
Polymer concentration (low, medium, high);
Salinity (seawater and reduced salinity).
Phase 5 – Decommissioning, including:
Test loop decommissioning and waste disposal.
Phase 6 – Reporting, including:
Data collation and final report.
195,000
Table 2 – Fjords Tender No. 1 Summary
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SP 2
P2
SP 1
Buffer TankCrude Oil
InjectionOIW Analyser
Water Phase
(TBC)
Booster Pump
( ~ 6m³ /hr @ 50-60 BAR)
F
Flow Meter
Vortex Device Bypass
VORTEX
DEVICE
Control
Valve
To Drain
P1
(TBC)
Polymer
Mother
Solution
Treated
Seawater
(ambient)
Polymer Powder
Booster Pump
Polymer
Shear Valve
Control
Valve
Figure 5 – Fjords Tender No. 1: Proposed Vortex Device EOR Trials Test Loop PFD
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The test matrix will be developed in conjunction with Vortex Oil, as the priority for each test parameter and also the
range of variation required is not yet known in sufficient detail to create a detailed test matrix. Therefore, as a point
of reference, this tender has been priced based upon an assumption that 5 days commissioning and 20 days
testing will be required. Once the final scope of the test matrix is confirmed, the duration of the test programme
can be more accurately assessed and the pricing will be amended accordingly.
3.2 Tender No. 2
Fjords Tender No. 2 has been summarised in Table 3 and the phased approach builds upon the recent successful
CFD projects. Further discussion will be required with Vortex Oil to formalise a more detailed scope of work prior to
commencing the project.
Fjords Tender No. 2 Summary Value
(EUR)
Phase 1 - Development of the baseline CFD model based on existing known design parameters, including:
Creation of CFD geometry including generation of the computational mesh.
Application of appropriate numerical algorithms to account for the hydro-acoustic phenomena
produced by the device due to the highly anisotropic rotating flow field.
Setting of the boundary conditions for a baseline design flow case.
Solving for the baseline case.
Analysis of the results of the baseline case and validation against physical testing data in order to
confirm the suitability of the numerical approach adopted.
Phase 2 - Determination of Key Design Parameters, including:
Modification of the baseline design geometry to determine the sensitivity of the design to key
geometrical parameters.
Modelling of various designs at different injection water flow rates.
Initial generation of mathematical models to predict device performance based upon key design
parameters of the device.
Phase 3 - Development of Design Documentation, including:
Development of an Excel based sizing tool incorporating design algorithms established from the
CFD analysis (validated by physical modelling).
Detailed reporting of the complete CFD analysis work undertaken.
A design manual explaining how the vortex device is designed and incorporating a user manual for
the sizing tool.
175,000
Table 3 – Fjords Tender No. 2 Summary
3.3 Tender No. 3
Fjords Tender No. 3 has been summarised in Table 4 and the phased approach builds upon recent successful flow
assurance projects. Further discussion will be required with Vortex Oil to formalise a more detailed scope of work
prior to commencing the project.
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Fjords Tender No. 3 Summary Value
(EUR)
Phase 1 - Development of baseline flow assurance model based on existing design parameters, including:
Building of the model based on a sample re-injection system.
Analysis of the system for non-treated injection water and assessment of the average
contamination rate of the injection water.
Prediction of the injection water behaviour for this non-treated case in the oil formation.
Phase 2 - Determine the effect of treated injection water on the layer/formation, including:
Implementation of appropriate algorithms into the baseline model to account for the hydro-
acoustic phenomena provided by the vortex device.
Determination of the sensitivity of different parameters to the properties of the injection water
with respect to temperature, pressure and dampening along the injection well.
Estimation of the influence of the vortex device on the contamination rate of the injection water,
compared against the baseline model with non-treated injection water.
Prediction of the injection water behaviour in the oil formation taking into account the influence of
the vortex device.
Phase 3 - Detailed reporting of the findings of the study, including:
The scope of the study applied.
The numerical approach applied to account for the hydro-acoustic phenomena.
The results of the investigations.
Conclusions of the study with respect to the performance of the vortex device.
Recommendations for further study.
195,000
Table 4 – Fjords Tender No. 3 Summary
3.4 Tender No. 4
Fjords Tender No. 4 has been summarised in Table 5 and the phased approach builds upon the recent successful
EOR projects. The proposed test loop PFD is shown in Figure 6Figure 5 and builds upon our previous EOR test
loops, with some improvements made in terms of controlling each phase and operation of the test loop in general.
The test matrix will be developed in conjunction with Vortex Oil, as the priority for each test parameter and also the
range of variation required is not yet known in sufficient detail to create a detailed test matrix. Therefore, as a point
of reference, this tender has been priced based upon an assumption that 5 days commissioning and 20 days
testing will be required. Once the final scope of the test matrix is confirmed, the duration of the test programme
can be more accurately assessed and the pricing will be amended accordingly.
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Fjords Tender No. 4 Summary Value
(EUR)
Phase 1 – Project Planning, including:
General project management, procurement and planning.
Confirm test matrix with Vortex Oil and clarify the most important variables to investigate
initially, e.g. flowrate, temperature, pressure, water cut, polymer concentration and salinity.
Confirm test loop design with respect to the test loop requirements.
Health & Safety assessment and work pack creation, prior to installation etc.
Phase 2 – Installation, including:
Test loop installation, as per the confirmed design and HSE requirements.
Phase 3 – Commissioning, including:
General test loop commissioning;
Bulk oil phase / water phase / polymer injection commissioning (TBC);
Bulk separator operation and commissioning;
Vortex Oil device operation and commissioning.
Phase 4 – Testing, including:
Base case testing, as per the confirmed test matrix (TBC).
Sensitivity Cases, as per expected field conditions (TBC) and potentially including:
Varied flowrate (low, medium, high);
Varied temperature (low, medium, high);
Pressure (low, medium, high)
Varied water cut (low, medium, high);
Polymer concentration (low, medium, high);
Salinity (seawater and reduced salinity).
Phase 5 – Decommissioning, including:
Test loop decommissioning and waste disposal.
Phase 6 – Reporting, including:
Data collation and final report.
195,000
Table 5 – Fjords Tender No. 4 Summary
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Crude Oil
Buffer Tank
Heat Exchanger
TBC⁰CCrude Oil Pump
1 - 10m³/hr
P1
Nitrogen
Supply
SP 2
T1
T2
P2
SP 1
Test Separator
Vent to external
(T-2)
SP 5(T-1)
(T-3)(T-4)(T-5)(T-6)(T-7)(T-8)
Bulk Oil
Feed
Vane type
inlet device
Liquid Level Measurement
SP 3SP 4
WIO Analyser
WIO AnalyserOIW Analyser
Control
Valve
Produced Water
Skimmer Tank
Vortex
Breakers
Control
Valve
Water Phase
(TBC)
Booster Pump
( ~ 6m³ /hr @ 50-60 BAR)
F
Flow Meter
Vortex Device Bypass
VORTEX
DEVICE
Control
Valves
Turbine
Flow Meter
Shear Valve
(up to 20 bar dP)
Oil Phase Recycle(to buffer tank)
Figure 6 – Fjords Tender No. 4: Proposed Separation Trials Test Loop PFD
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4.0 Resources
All aspects of the work will be carried out by highly experienced and specialised personnel who have been involved
in similar previous projects. The individual discipline leads are summarised in the following table, with additional
profiles of key personnel available on request:
Name Position Responsibility
Glen McLellan VP Field Optimisation Services Company General Manager.
Mark Seator Field Services & Testing Manager Management of the Projects team.
Colin Dow Lead Process Engineer Management of the Process team.
Chris Henderson Senior Chemist Management of the Chemistry team.
John Kingsbury Construction & Design Manager Management of the Design team.
Tim Newton Lead Flow Analyst Supervisor of CFD activities
Andrew Cromarty Projects Engineer Project Management
Brian Groat Operations Engineer Management of the Operations team.
MARK SEATOR – FIELD SERVICES & TESTING MANAGER
Mark has extensive experience in the project management and undertaking of process equipment evaluation, site
services and consultancy work for a diverse range of multi-national clients within the oil and gas, process and water
treatment industries. Main responsibilities include management and control of all technical, time and financial
aspects of the projects including reporting. Marks areas of expertise include the assessment and optimisation of
separation technology performance and the modelling of 3 phase separation systems using Physical Modelling at
the Fjords test facility on Flotta.
COLIN DOW – LEAD PROCESS ENGINEER
Colin is a Chartered Chemical engineer with over 18 years’ experience of working in the process industries in the
UK, working for 5 years at Rohm and Haas and 7 years at GSK before joining Fjords. During his career Colin has
held various roles in process design and operations for a diverse range of production, separation and
water/effluent treatment processes.
At Fjords, Colin is responsible for reviewing, optimising and designing complete separation systems, including bulk
separation, produced water treatment and gas handling processes. He is heavily involved in technology
development and has been responsible for the process support for all of the recent EOR projects.
CHRIS HENDERSON – SENIOR CHEMIST
Chris has 20 years of experience as an oilfield chemist, working in both the reservoir and production sides of the oil
and gas industry. At Fjords Chris has worked on projects that have involved characterisation of produced fluids at
different stages of the production/treatment process to assess and optimise production efficiency and
environmental performance. Chris is responsible for the chemistry input into a wide range of projects for Fjords,
ranging from onshore laboratory studies to offshore fluids characterisation, emulsion separability and process
optimisation studies through to BAT/BEP assessments, whole effluent toxicity studies and technology development
in Fjords large scale test facility. Chris has been involved in all of Fjords EOR projects to date.
JOHN KINGSBURY – DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION MANAGER
John has had over 30 years of Mechanical Design experience including a number of years at BP’s Sunbury
Research Centre for 4 years. John is responsible for the design team within Fjords, producing engineered solutions
Doc No E14788-PD-001 Rev 00
Confidential © 2016 Fjords Processing October 2016
15
for separation packages, from conceptual design, fabrication and subcontractor management through to offshore
installation and commissioning. John has a wealth of hands on experience of the design and optimisation of
separation packages that will be invaluable to a project of this kind.
TIM NEWTON – LEAD FLOW ANALYST
Tim has experience in the application of CFD to the analysis of various multi-phase process equipment such as
separators, degassers, scrubbers, CFU’s and other produced water handling equipment. He has utilised CFD
extensively in both academia and in the working environment. Prior to joining Fjords, Tim worked for Zeta Dynamics
as a CFD engineer undertaking analyses of separation systems for oil and gas clients in the energy sector. Upon
joining Fjords, Tim set up and now coordinates the company's in house CFD capability in conjunction with the other
business operations, being the main focal point for all of the CFD activities undertaken by the company whether on
client based projects or in house R&D. Tim is an advanced user of both Fluent and Star-CCM+, the two leading CFD
codes within the industry. Tim also supports the process engineering team and is the Quality Management
Representative for Fjords London.
ANDREW CROMARTY –PROJECTS ENGINEER
Andrew has extensive experience in EOR project management and undertaking process equipment evaluation, site
services and consultancy work for a diverse range of clients within the oil and gas, process and water treatment
industries. Main responsibilities include preparing and costing projects, also report and control of technical, time
and financial aspects of the projects. Andrew is also extensively involved with carrying out project work in the
specialist test facilities at Fjords Processing base and at client’s offshore and onshore installations. Andrew has
project managed the majority of Fjords EOR projects to date.
BRIAN GROAT – OPERATIONS ENGINEER
Brian has over 35 years’ experience in the marine/industrial maintenance and latterly in inspection, commissioning
and upgrade engineering of process equipment, site services and consultancy work for a diverse range of clients
within the oil and gas, process and water treatment industries. Main responsibilities include supervision of the
Flotta site operations and maintenance teams including all service facilities such as the plant base train and
ecotoxicology hatchery equipment. Brian has developed a lead role in assembly work for offshore separator and
degasser vessel upgrades. As part of this reporting and control of technical, time and financial aspects of the
projects must be adhered to. Onsite work extends to responsibilities in R&D including technology and service
development which primarily lies within the company’s CFU scaled test units, Visual Dynamic Modelling and the
Mare’s Tail coalescer technology. Depending on onsite client testing, a wide range of test conditions must be
designed and installed which satisfy client specifications, facility infrastructure limitations and HSE requirements.
5.0 HSEQ Management Systems
5.1 HSE
It is the intention of Fjords to create and maintain a healthy, safe and secure working environment for all staff,
wherever they work, and for visitors to the company’s premises. Fjords shall also endeavour to minimise any
impact on the environment which may arise through the company’s activities.
To achieve these objectives Fjords complies with current UK HSE legislation and operates a Safety Management
System (SMS). The SMS covers System overview manual, policies/statements, risk assessment, manual handling,
hand/arm vibration, personal protective equipment (PPE), working at height, lone working, COSHH (control of
substances hazardous to health), display screen equipment, auditing, accidents/incidents, emergency response,
permit to work, health surveillance, lifting operations and equipment, control of noise, expectant mothers, fire
detection systems, first aid and inductions/training.
Doc No E14788-PD-001 Rev 00
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As part of risk assessment procedures, Fjords have a number of controls in place for test work such as this project
whereby potential for oil spills/pollution are minimised or removed where possible including spill kits and response
procedures. Specific details can be conveyed upon request. In addition, with the Fjords facility being located on an
oil terminal, Fjords are subject to tight environmental regulations and inspections imposed by the duty holder of the
terminal, who aims to surpass governmental environmental legislation standards.
In the event of more stringent standards being required by any client for whom we carry out services, then these will
be adhered to for all operations related to that project. All employees will be provided with the necessary
information, training, supervision and equipment required in order to perform their work safely, with due regard to
the safety of any other people who may be affected by our activities and for the protection of the environment.
Fjords will encourage all staff to be aware of HSE issues and will provide facilities for their concerns to be fully and
openly expressed. Fjords will aim to continually improve its HSE performance by the management and review
arrangements set out in the HSE manual.
The Directors and managers of Fjords give their full support to these principles and their implementation. Further
details on HSE records such as incident history can be issued to Clearview if requested.
5.2 QA / QC
Fjords quality management system has been registered by National Quality Assurance Ltd under the provisions of
BS EN ISO 9001:2008 and will be applied to this project in the event of an order. The current Quality System has
been appraised by offshore operating oil companies and found to meet their requirements. Fjords also operate a
separate Quality Management System, namely Good Laboratory Practice (GLP), in their Flotta laboratories. This
scheme is administered by the Department of Health in the UK.
The project will follow the ISO 9001:2008 requirements and specifically through the Fjords Quality Management
System (QMS) which is made up of a number of standard operating procedures (SOPs) and standard forms (SFs)
where applicable to the project activities. The QMS also enforces both internal and external auditing activities to
check the required high standards are being maintained through all aspects of Fjords activities. Samples of these
systems can be forwarded upon request. The auditing and general performance assessments carried out at Fjords
feed directly into an annual performance review to allow managers to address areas of weakness and improve
effectiveness.
Suppliers to Fjords are assessed on their ability to meet quality requirements and are obliged to operate a QA
system in accordance with the international standard and a dedicated quality plan that reflects key activities and
contractual obligations. Copies of our QA and GLP certificates and our company Quality Manual Index can be
provided on request.
6.0 Commercial & Schedule
Each tender has been priced based upon the maximum workload that we can envisage, which will allow a thorough
and detailed study to be carried out for each tender. As already discussed, the test matrix (for tender 1 and 4 in
particular) will need to be developed in conjunction with Vortex Oil and the current price f has been estimated,
based upon 5 days commissioning and 20 days testing. Once the final scope of the test matrix is confirmed, the
duration of the test programme can be more accurately assessed and the pricing would be amended accordingly.
Following project award and the creation of a detail work plan, the project schedule will be confirmed, due to the
number of clarifications required at this stage.
Payment terms can be discussed in due course, but projects of this size and nature will require staged payments,
with payment times on 30 days from invoice.
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Confidential © 2016 Fjords Processing October 2016
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Appendix A – Public Tender Offer forms
Public Tender No. 1 - Offer Form
Public Tender No. 2 - Offer Form
Public Tender No. 3 - Offer Form
Public Tender No. 4 - Offer Form
Doc No E14788-PD-001 Rev 00
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Appendix B – Fjords Test Facility Services
© 2014 Fjords Processing www.fjordsprocessing.com
Testing Services by Fjords Processing
The assurance of performance
© 2014 Fjords Processing
Fjords Processing Test Facility
We provide unique, a versatile once through
testing service, to enable you to develop,
optimise and quantify produced water and
separation technologies at field conditions.
The test facility at Flotta in the UK was
opened in 1988 to support the
development and testing of full scale
offshore process equipment. Since
opening, the company has
established as an internationally
recognised facility specialising in
effluent treatment and water
handling, with 3-phase separation and
electrostatics capabilities having been
added in 2016.
Our facility is very unique, having the
capabilities to operate on a
continuous once through basis
ensuring that the feed conditions are
constant and not effected by
recirculated test fluids. Our state of
the art facilities are combined with
experienced process engineers and
chemists onsite to evaluate the
technology at every step in the
process.
© 2014 Fjords Processing
Capabilities Technology Optimisation We provide highly adaptable processes that can be tailored to the requirements of each
individual project and clients needs. We can vary all conditions throughout the testing to
ensure that the technology is fully evaluated, even when the aims of the project have changed
during the test programme. Most of the major oil companies and main process technology
developers have used our test services at some point for the development of technology,
either individually or collectively under Joint Industry Projects (JIPs).
Technology Validation We provide a comprehensive resource for clients wishing to evaluate and validate a process
technology. Our test facilities enable us to demonstrate the effectiveness of the equipment
under controlled conditions. Our clients want confirmation of their investment decisions and
the ability to assess technologies prior to purchase is extremely valuable. Our technology
validation services provide an objective means for testing individual pieces of equipment and
complete processes. Technology developers make use of our independent and confidential
service for performance testing of their products before introducing them to the market. Our
test facilities have also been used for product certification and aiding market promotion via
independent trials.
Oilfield Chemistry Services Our experienced chemists offer a range of oilfield chemistry services and consultancy. Our
capabilities cover a wide range of services from oil-in-water concentration to detailed
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) polymer analysis. We can provide analysis to support pilot scale
testing or conduct detailed laboratory scale studies.
© 2014 Fjords Processing
Benefits of utilising our Test Facility The unique facility on Flotta provides a controllable test
bed that simulates offshore fluids in an onshore safe
environment and on a unique once basis.
Testing Services by Fjords Processing
www.fjordsprocessing.com
• Actual or near field fluid conditions provide high
confidence levels in technology testing.
• Safe, trouble free discharge of effluent from the
testing, allowing once through flow, maintaining
consistent feed operating parameters.
• Provides enhanced security of investment, with the
opportunity to verify performance and operating
envelopes before commitment to purchase.
• A cost effective way of gaining comparative data on
available technologies prior to selection.
• On site heavy and medium crude oil ensures valid
operating conditions and simplifies logistics and
safety/environmental aspects.
• Confidentiality and security in results demanded by
the Oil and Gas industry.
• Expertise of the Fjords team provides added
value, a versatile service to clients requiring
performance validation, product research or
product development.
• Extensive support facilities including analytical
laboratories and equipment, fabrication workshop
and mechanical handling, providing a
comprehensive resource.
• Combined resources are fundamental to the
Fjords approach that enables us to offer clients a
truly holistic solution.
The benefits of our facility are summarised as follows:
We contribute specialist knowledge and
understanding, gained over many years
experience, to provide a comprehensive
testing service. Having this prior
understanding, we can ensure clients
optimise their budgets for maximum
return.
© 2014 Fjords Processing
Specification A central indoor test hall of 640m2 with additional
outdoor test area, offices and laboratories.
The following summarises the standard capabilities:
Testing Services by Fjords Processing
www.fjordsprocessing.com
• Seawater to 20,000 BWPD as either raw seawater, filtered to
specification, and/or deaerated on a continuous throughput basis.
• Oily water simulation to 10,000 BWPD
• Freshwater to 5,000 BWPD
• Bulk oil to 4,000 BOPD
• Once through or closed loop processing
• Numerous thermal fluid heater systems up to 90°C
• Remote operation & control automation
• Pressure, flow & temperature control & monitoring
• Controllable solids mixing vessels and injection packages
• Controllable oil & chemical dosing packages
• Controllable oil droplet size, including sub 4 µm at over 2000mg/l
oil concentration
• Polymer & alkali surfactant polymer mixing vessels and injection
packages
• Inert gas (nitrogen) & compressed air supplies
• Electrical power in single and three phase
• Disposal of used liquids & chemicals
• Outdoor test and bunded storage area.
• Onsite fabrication, workshops & stores, with 5m high access
• On site laboratory and office support of over 450 m2
© 2014 Fjords Processing
Technology Optimisation & Evaluation Oil & Gas technologies have changed over the years along with the industry itself. With
companies having to work harder for there money so are the technologies. Where 20
years ago we would have been testing deoiling hydrocyclones and horizontal IGF’s we are
now seeing a new generation of technologies that have to be more compact, more robust,
subsea compatible and suitable for enhanced oil recovery fluids. To cater for this, we have
not only invested in our test facilities and laboratories but in our engineers and chemists
to ensure we can deliver a world-class service program to our client’s in the most realistic
oilfield conditions in the most economical manner.
Some of the technologies we have tested at our facility on Flotta include:
Testing Services by Fjords Processing
www.fjordsprocessing.com
• De-oiling and pre-separation hydrocyclones
• Membrane, media and self cleaning filters
systems
• Horizontal and vertical IGF technologies
• Compact separation vessels
• Online and offline oil in water monitoring
technologies
• Laboratory oil in water analysers
• Oil droplet size measuring technologies
• Coalescing technologies
• Separator internals, including numerous inlet
devices, baffling, plate packs etc.
• Motion vessel internals
• Slug catchers
• De-aerators
• Solids cyclones
• Other sand removal systems, both internal to
vessels and external
• Back-produced EOR and ASP fluid handling
technologies
• Reduced shear / coalescing valves
• Electrostatic coalescing technologies
• Various polishing stage technologies
• Subsea separation vessels
• Numerous novel technologies that have never
progressed into the market
© 2014 Fjords Processing
Physical Modelling In addition to the digital environment of Computational Fluids Dynamics (CFD), which we
also offer, our flow loops at Flotta enables Physical Modelling of a wide range of process
challenges, under various fluid conditions allowing determination of the best process
solutions. One area that we are commonly asked to investigated is in the performance of
separator vessels.
Testing Services by Fjords Processing
www.fjordsprocessing.com
The theoretical design for a separator vessel does not in itself produce an optimum
separator performance due to the potential for non-ideal flow patterns and dynamic
behaviour within the separator. Therefore, to develop a suitable overall separator design
the techniques of Physical Modelling, often combined CFD, are utilised to convert a
theoretical design into one which has a hydraulic efficiency as close to the ideal as
possible.
© 2014 Fjords Processing
Oilfield Chemistry Services
Oil Analysis:
Emulsion Studies:
• Fluids Separability;
• Influence of Temperature;
• Effect of Chemicals.
Oil Characterisation:
• Water-in-Oil (WIO) Content;
• Water-in-Oil (WIO) Droplet Size;
• Density & Viscosity;
• Bulk Fluids Solids Content;
• Wax Appearance Temperature
(WAT);
• Pour Point;
• Saturates, Aromatics, Resins &
Asphaltenes (SARA).
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)
Polymer & Alkali Surfactant Polymer
(ASP) Testing:
• Interfacial Tension;
• Surfactant Partitioning;
• Polymer Solution Rheology;
• Molecular Weight Determination;
• Polymer Concentration Analysis.
MEG Separability Testing
• Effect of MEG on Oil-Water
Separation;
• Purpose Built Test Column;
• Multiple Sample Points to assess
Oil/Water Quality.
Produced Water Analysis
Oil-in-Water (OIW) Analysis:
• IR & UV Fluorescence
Spectroscopy.
Water Chemistry Analysis e.g.,:
• Alkalinity;
• Total & Dissolved Iron;
• Dissolved Oxygen.
Ion Analysis:
• Anions & Cations.
Dissolved hydrocarbon analysis:
• BTEX;
• Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH);
• Organic (Fatty) Acids.
Oil Droplet Size & Solids Particle Size
Analysis:
• ViPA (Online);
• Malvern Insitec Particle Sizer
(Online);
• Malvern Mastersizer 3000E
(Offline).
Total Suspended Solids Content (TSS);
• Online & Batch Solids Sampling.
Solids Characterisation:
• SEM/EDS;
• XRD;
• FTIR.
Microbiological Analysis (e.g., Sulphate
Reducing Bacteria).
Whole Effluent Assessment / Toxicity
Analysis.
Our experienced chemists offer a range of oilfield chemistry services and
consultancy support, both offshore and in our own laboratories on Flotta.
© 2014 Fjords Processing
Oilfield Chemistry Services A well executed laboratory study can be a cost effective tool to
progress from the theoretical to the practical solution. Do you have a
potential solution for a process, or an idea for a technology and want to
evaluate what may or may not happen? Then let our chemistry service
be your resource to bridge the knowledge gaps and verify your idea.
Why use us?
Our Chemistry Services have an international reach
and employ the latest analytical instrumentation and
methods, so that you get the most accurate and
reliable results. Our expert staff are trained to the
highest standards and have an in-depth knowledge
of their fields, including practical experience in
offshore environments to both international and local
regulations and standards.
We offer a wide range of services that can be tailored
to meet your particular requirements, from a
comprehensive laboratory study to a one-of test,
either at our facility on Flotta or your facility
worldwide. Our services team will be able to advise
what is best for you.
Our quality management system is ISO 9001/2008
certified.
Enhanced Oil Recovery Study
Our services team recently undertook a Joint Industry
Project with BP, Shell, Statoil, Total, Wintershall,
Conoco Phillips & Enquest to look at the effects of
back produced polymer on bulk separation and then
produced water (PW) technologies. An upfront
detailed lab study ensured that the forthcoming bulk
and PW technology trials were conducted at
representative conditions to that found in the field.
Since starting in the EOR field in 2010 our
knowledge and understanding of the polymers and
the effects on oil and water have grown
exponentially.
In recent years we have invested in our laboratories infrastructure, state of the
art equipment and also our people.
© 2014 Fjords Processing
Training Based on our vast experience with technologies and processes that covers almost all
process areas in the Oil & Gas industry we are ideally placed to pass on this knowledge in
a format that suits your needs. Our worldwide training programs ensure that your
operations meet the highest performance and safety standards.
Testing Services by Fjords Processing
www.fjordsprocessing.com
Our most reputed training courses include:
• Hydrate Inhibition Technology (HIT™)/MEG unit
• Triethylene Glycol Regenerative Gas Dehydration Systems (TEG)
• Sulphate removal and seawater treatment
• Gravity separation with options of internals design, fabrication & hands-on installation
• Electrostatic coalescing & Desalter
• Fired Heaters
• Produced water and sand & solid treatment
• Heavy oil
• On-site production, process, operations, maintenance & troubleshooting
Our customized training programs include:
• Real field data analyses and optimization of equipment delivered by Fjords Processing or others
• Conceptual design workshops tailored to a particular green or brownfield application
• Case study with full visualization utilizing live laboratory & CFD simulations
• Programs to incorporate key equipment suppliers or specialist guest speakers
• Collaboration with universities and technology centres to expand and enhance our offerings
To maximize the depth of specialist-to-specialist exchange, we adapt our programs to
meet the specific needs of our customers.
All our programs include a balanced presentation of all technologies available, including
the latest developments and trends in the market. Environmental regulations and safety
hazards are also addressed.
© 2014 Fjords Processing www.fjordsprocessing.com
Contact our Testing Services in Orkney, or
one of our worldwide hubs.
Fjords Processing locations worldwide
Contacts for Services
For enquiries please contact
Visit us also on
© 2014 Fjords Processing www.fjordsprocessing.com
Testing Services by Fjords Processing
The assurance of performance
United Kingdom
Frimley / London Orkney
Fjords Processing Ltd
Visiting and postal address:
Suite 5, Building 4.3, Frimley 4 Business Park
Frimley, Surrey GU16 7SG, United Kingdom
Phone: +44 (0)1276 697050
Fjords Processing Ltd
Visiting and postal address:
Flotta, Stromness, Orkney, KW16 3NP, United Kingdom
Phone: (+44) 1856 702000
Fax: (+44) 1856 701473
Aberdeen
Fjords Processing Ltd
Visiting and postal address:
214 Union Street, Aberdeen,
AB10 1TL, United Kingdom
Phone: +44 (0)1224 796529