VOLCANOESMS. SCERRA

WORD ORIGIN

Romans believed in Vulcan, their god of fire. They thought that Vulcan worked at a hot forge, striking sparks as he made

swords and armor for the other gods.

Hawaiians told legends of the wanderings of Pele, their goddess of fire. Pele was chased from her homes by her sister Namaka, goddess of the sea.

Pele moved constantly from one Hawaiian island to another, until she settled in the mountain Kilauea.

Kilauea is on the big island of Hawaii and is still active. The islanders believe it is the god Pele.

VOLCANIC DEFINITIONS

Magma – melted or molten rock beneath the surface of the earth.

Lava – when magma pours forth on the surface of the earth.

Volcanic eruption – when magma pushes its way up through cracks, holes, or tubes.

A VOLCANO CAN BE 2 THINGS:

A hole in the ground that lava comes through.

A hill or mountain formed by lava. Mount Rainier – in the state of

Washington is a volcano. Has not erupted since 1882.

Mount St. Helens – On March 27, 1980 it started to spout ashes and steam and continued to bring earthquakes each day. Until Mid-May the mountain began to swell

up and crack.

SUNDAY, MAY 18 AT 8:32AM THE MOUNTAIN ERUPTED WITH AN INCREDIBLE FORCE!!!

The energy released in the eruption was equal to ten million tons of dynamite!! 60 people lost their lives as

hot gases, rocks, and ashes covered an area of 230 square miles.

Hundreds of houses and cabins were destroyed.

Miles of highways, roads, and railways were damaged.

Entire forests were blown down like rows of matchsticks.

ICELAND IS A VOLCANIC ISLAND IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC It was formed along the mid-Atlanic Ridge

because as magma rose up, it built up and formed an island.

Iceland has over 30 active volcanoes.

The most recent to erupt in 2010, causing flight cancellations for 6 days from the ash.

MOST VOLCANOES AND EARTHQUAKES ARE ALONG THE EDGES OF THE LARGE PACIFIC PLATE “THE RING OF FIRE”

Few of the volcanoes are on the edge of the plate.

The only island state of the US is located in the middle of the plate, Hawaii is made from a hot spot.

HOT SPOTS

Develop over a mantle plume and as the plates move over and magma builds up, volcanic islands are created.

http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0904/es0904page01.cfm

HAWAIAN ERUPTIONS ARE GENTLE AND CREATE 2 KINDS OF FLOWS

AA – thick, slow moving that hardens into rough tangle of sharp rocks.

Pahoehoe – thin, hot quick-moving lava that forms smooth, billowy surface.

SHIELD VOLCANOES

Shaped like an ancient warrior’s shield. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6VfsKoH-ScA

Volcanoes with broad, gentle slopes and built by the eruption of fluid basalt lava.

The largest volcanoes on Earth!

Mauna Loa

Kilauea

CINDER CONE VOLCANOES

The simplest type of volcano.

They erupt explosively, blowing out burning ashes and cinders. The ashes and cinders build up to form the cone shape.

Most cinder cones have a bowl-shaped crater at the summit and rarely rise more than a thousand feet or so above their surroundings.

Ex: Paracutin in Mexico and Cerro Negro in Nicaragua

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aS_xl3nu_mY

COMPOSITE VOLCANOES

Symmetrical cones of large dimension built of alternating layers of lava flows, volcanic ash, cinders, blocks, and bombs.

They may rise as much as 8,000 feet above their bases.

Some of the most conspicuous and beautiful mountains in the world

Mount Fuji in Japan, Mount Shasta in California, Mount Hood in Oregon, and Mount St. Helens and Mount Rainier in Washington

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-H_HZVY1tT4&list=TLqcxkD47YpzhA6te8fFiSLMSazYpRW0Np

REALLY COOL VIDEO!!!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DceHEBGVfj4

Try to list all 10 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4aYQixhdWY4