NEW SERIES SUBSCRIPTION, $6.00VoL. 98, No. 2536 FRIDAY, AUGUST 6, 1943 SINGLE COPIES, .15
Newt (4th)Edition!FEATURES
4 new chapters on Vitaminsand Minerals - a totalnow of 6
Discussions of wartime foodconditions
Full coverage of body proc-esses such as metabolismand ductless glands
Includes numerous quick-reference tables showingcontent of various foods
BOGERT'S NUTRITIONand Physical Fitness
This text gives today's knowledge of nutrition and its practicalapplication. Dr. Bogert stresses the broad physiologic con-
ceptions of nutrition-not only food intake, but the variedbody functions necessary to the utilization of that food andthe many variables which affect these functions. . . . The en-
tire book has been revised, much of it rewritten, in order tobring it definitely abreast of current knowledge and to givefull consideration to the many nutritional problems resultingfrom the War.By L. JEAN BOGERT, PH.D., formerly Instructor in Medicine, University ofChicago. 500 pages, 51/'"x77%", illustrated. $3.00
Weatherwax' Plant BiologyIn the short time since this text appeared it has already become well established. This is doubtlessbecause it was written by a teacher of experience and authority and because clarity, logic and soundchoice of emphasis are everywhere apparent. The physiological and ecological viewpoint is stressedand the entire text is well illustrated with 417 pictures on 182 figures.By PAUL WEATHERWAX, Professor of Biology, Indiana University. 455 pages, 5%" x 84", with 417 illustrations on 182figures. $3.25
Frobisher'sElementary Bacteriology
Second Edition!-The fundamentals of bac-teriology are given by Dr. Frobisher withparticular emphasis on their bearing on healthand disease.By MARTIN FROBISHER, JR., S.B., Sc.D., F.A.A.A.S. F.A.-P.H.A., Associate in Bacteriology, the Johns HlopkinsUniversity, 653 pages, 5 %Y" x 7%", with 326 illustrations.$4.00
Greaves'Elementary BacteriologyFourth Edition!- Students learn rapidlyfrom this simplified text. It is especiallyfavored for its coverage of bacteriology inagriculture and in the arts and industry.By JOSEPH E. GREAVES, M.S., PH.D., Professor of Bac-teriology Utah Agricultural College; and ETHELYN 0.GREAVES, M.S., PH.D. 587 pages, 5%," x 7/", with 164illustrations. $3.50
W. B. SAUNDERS COMPANY
West Washington Square Philadelphia 5Science: published weekly by The Science Press, Lancaster, Pa.
Entered as second-class matter July 18, 1923, at the Post Office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879.
2 AIENCE-ADT7ERTISEMENTS VOL. 98, No. 2536
Aerial
PhotographsAND THEIR APPLICATIONS
By H. T. U. SMITHASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF GEOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
THIS is a practical, profusely illustratedtext that provides a working knowledge
of the simpler methods of making maps
from aerial photographs and places greatestemphasis on the interpretation and use ofaerial photographs, with special reference tothe needs of the geologist, geographer, en-
gineer and military scientist. Contrary toother books in its field Smith's Aerial Photo-graphs and Their Applications deals withmap-making as a means to an end, ratherthan as an end in itself, and stresses the de-tails of practical procedure instead of dis-coursing on confusing theoretical matters.A large number of its illustrations are ar-
ranged for stereoscopic examination. 372pages, with over 150 illustrations. $3.75.
Mineralsand Rocks
By R. D. GEORGEEMERITUS PROFESSOR OF GEOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO
THIS new book presents a concise, well-organized, and broadly inclusive discus-
sion of the ever-increasing number andvolume of earth materials, both metallicand non-metallic, which have become essen-
tial to present-day industries and have beeninstrumental in enriching life. Each ele-ment is fully described, its uses, both aloneand in compounds, are explained; and theminerals from which it is derived are de-scribed. The illustrative material includesline drawings and photographs, picturingcrystal forms, ore bodies, rock structure,apparatus, etc., and diagrams representingthe chemical and mineral compositions ofthe rock families. 595 pages, with 200 illus-trations. $6.00.
D. Appleton-Century Company35 West 32nd Street, New York 1, N. YL
Bacto-Agar
Bacto-Agar is a purified Agar prepared fromdomestic material. In the manufacture ofBacto-Agar extraneous matter, pigmented portions,and salts are reduced to a minimum, so that thefinished product in the form of fine granules willdissolve rapidly, giving clear solutions.
Bacto-Agar is distributed only for use inbacteriological culture media upon propercertification by the purchaser.
Bacto-Asparagine
Bacto-Asparagine is a purified amino acidwidely used in synthetic culture media and in thepreparation of tuberculin.
Specify "DIFCO"THE TRADE NAME OF THE PIONEERS
In the Research and Development of Bacto-Peptone andDehydrated Culture Media.
DIFCO LABORATORIESINCORPORATED
DETROIT, MICHIGAN
RECENT PUBLICATIONSCARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON
WASHINGTON, D. C.Pub. No.527. Gentry, Howard Scott. Rio Mayo Plants.
A study of the Flora and Vegetation of theValley of the Rio Mayo, Sonora. Octavo,vii + 328 pages, 29 plates, 6 text figures.Paper, $2.25; cloth, $2.75.
543. Ruppert, Karl, and John H. Denison, Jr.Archaeological Reconnaissance in Campeche,Quintana Roo, and Peten. Quarto, vii + 156pages, frontispiece, 75 plates, 126 figures.Paper, $4.25; cloth, $4.75.
550. Martin, Emmett. Studies of Evaporationand Transpiration under Controlled Condi-tions. Octavo, iii + 48 pages, 17 text figures.Paper only, $0.40.
Year Book No. 41 (July 1, 1941-June 30, 1942).xxxii + 9 + 309 pages, 7 text figures. Paper,$1.00; cloth, $1.50. Reports on current re-search from all the departments of the In-stitution.
The Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington 5,D. C., has published some 800 volumes covering the widerange of its researches. Orders may be placed direct orthrough regular dealers. Advise subjects in which you areinterested, and catalogue will be sent upon request.
2 obey..jwIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 98, NO. 2536
for research purposes
Recent investigationshave shownthat thejoint administration of choline and cys-tine or of methionine alone will preventa specific dietary hepatic injury in rats.'
Methionine administered shortly be-fore chloroform anesthesia completelyprotects dogs against liver damage.Methionine (or cystine plus choline) af-fords significant protection against liverdamage, even when administered three orfour hours after chloroform anesthesia.2
Earlier studies demonstrated a definiterelationship of choline to liver cir-rhosis,3' 4 5 and renal damage. Under spe-cial dietary conditions a deficiency ofcholine results in fatty infiltration of theliver in rats7 and perosis in chicks.8 Cho-line is definitely involved in the metab-olism of the sulphur containing aminoacids.9 10
It has been suggested that choline is avitamin of the B-complex.""12 Because ofthis there is increasing use of choline
chloride as a routine supplement in nutri-tional research, especially where highlypurified diets are employed.SMACO Choline Chloride, Cystineand
Methionine, are conveniently packagedfor research purposes. Information on quan-tities and prices supplied on request.
COMPLETE LISTING OF SMACO PRODUCTS FORRESEARCH ON REQUEST.
1. Gy6rdy, P., and Goldblatt, H.: J. Exper. Med.: 75:366 (1942).
2. Miller, L. L., and Whipple, G. H.: J. Exper. Med.:76:421 (1942).
3. Gyargy, P., and Goldblatt, J.: Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol.& Med.:46:492 (1941).
4. Blumberg, H., and McCollum, E. V.: Science:93:598 (1941).
5. Lillie, R. D., Daft, F. S. and Sebrell, W. H.: Pub.Health Rep.:56:1255 (1941).
6. Griffith, W. H.: J. Nutrition:21:291 (1941).7. Best, C. H., and Ridout, J. H.: Ann. Rev. Biochem.:
8:349 (1939).8. Hegsted, D. M., Mills, R. C., Elvebjem, C. A., and
Hart, E. B.: J. Biol. Chem.: 138:459 (1941).9. DuVigneaud, V., Chandler, J. P., Moyer, A. W.,
Keppel, D. M.: J. Biol. Chem.: 131:57 (1939).10. Griffith, W. H., and Wade, N. J.: J. Biol. Chem.:
132:627 (1940).11. King, C. J.: Ann. Rev. Biochem.:8:371 (1939).12. Gyorgy, P., and Goldblatt, H.: J. Exper. Med.:72:1
(1940).
,ARCO t.M.A. CORPORATIONat~~76+gJaz4
SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 98, No. 2536
Glass Absorption Cells
Fused under high temperature with acid, alkali and other
solvent resisting-cement. Optical flat walls. Many stock sizes.
Special requirements made to order.
Sole manufacturer in the UnitedStates of fused Electrophoresis cells
Makers of complete Electrophoresis Apparatus
Klett Manufacturing Co.179 East 87th Street, New York, New York
4
THE AUTOTECHNICON
U. S. Patent No. 21,157,875 and Other Patents Pending
IHNICON CO. New YorkTHE TEC
DETERMINING PLANT NUTRIENTSIN WATER CULTURE SOLUTIONS
A special LaMotte outfit has been designed for entire usein the control of nutrient solutions in soilless plant cultiva-tion. Facilities are provided for the following determina-tions:
Phosphorus Ammonia NitrogenPotassium pH ValueNitrate Nitrogen Magnesium
CalciumComplete equipment is provided in wooden containing case,with booklet of full instructions, price $30.00 f.o.b. ourlaboratories.
LaMotte Chemical Products Co.Dept. "H" Towson 4, Baltimore, Md.
THE SCIENCE PRESSPRINTING COMPANY
PRINTERS OF
SOINTIF- AND EDUCATIONALJOURNALS, MONOGRAPHS
AND BOOKS
Correspondence Invited
LANCASTER, PENNSYLVANIl
SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS 5
THE MOST"PRECISE"ARTICLE
MAN UFACTUR EDIN QUANTITYANYWHERE
Illustrated above is a roof prism,.the most accurate of all opticalparts, used in military instrumentsfor our armed forces.
Roof prisms are being made bya number of manufacturers bymethods first developed at The
Perkin-Elmer Corporation, andgladly shared in the interest of
winning the war.
Note how Kewaunee Standard Units'are-Assembled
War Time Formulasand Peace Time Plans* Many of the amazing advances made in AmericanLaboratories for the needs of war will prove revolu-tionizing when Peace comes.* So with Kewaunee Laboratory Equipment. Muchvaluable experience gained in designing and producingfor war is already being translated by Kewaunee En-gineers into plans for finer Laboratory Equipment tomeet the demands of Peace.
C. G. CAMPBELL, President5013 S. Center St., Adrian, Mich.Representatives in Principal Cities
No. 10 Analytical Balance
HENRY TROEMNERThe Standard of Excellence for 102 years.
Manufacturer of the highest grade Analytical,Assay and Pulp Balance and Weights of Pre-cision.
Catalog 1929S
911 Arch Street
Philadelphia, Pa.
AurouST 6, 1943
GIVE 1-fIAA A I3IKEAK JEvening is about his
only chance to tele-
phone home. He can
get through easier if the
wires aren't crowded -
and his calls mean so
much to him and the
home folks. So please
don't call Long Distance
between 7 P. M. and
10 P. M. unless your calls
are really necessary.
Many thanks.
TELEPHONE
_E ~~~~~SYSTEM
.
ArQUBT 6, 1943 SCIENCR-ADVERTISEMENTS
l..aOratory TOO'
SpectrophoioLn ist hemoe
at jOttlc O CV
b~yeCoieIsaau
On asCnat
is it IS 01)v~v- -,£ala 4*v**'
iicago ApparatEUsC 1OmaIy.
1735 NORTH ASHLAND AVENUE CHICAGO 22,ILLINOIS
7
lw 4P xx -- "vN.
I$*
IL 10
8 SCIENCE-ADVERTI8I.MENTS VOL. 98,
The Optica Physic
For Fighting Fuels-.Today, the Americanpetroleum industry is profiding theairmen of 'the United Nations with the mostQpowerfulfighting fuels in the world.In the production ofthese, the Bausch & Lomb Precision
Refractometer has had an important part. This instrument,developed to'meet a definite peacetime need for high pre-cdsion and dependability, is typical of the many B3ausch &Lomb products now performing major roles idi the war
effort.e yth. -nde mfsmToday,th slills in design, computation and' ciaftsman-
ship that make available such instruments as the Bausch& Lomb Precision are also bein~appliedto the Instrnuments of war that make American gunnerySO dective, I~re aain,' when Victory is won, kiausch &Lomnb willbe able -to extend its optical service to peacetimep because ofitwrtime accmplishments.
Bawsch & Lomb Precision Reiractomneter
aorBausch & LombIstrwnts tssoti
em delivery schdles.
BAUSCH & LOMB -;OPTICAL CO. * ROCHESTER, N. Y.
ESTABLISHED 1853
AN AMEIICAN SCIZNTIFIC INSTITUTION PRODUCING OPTICAL GLASS AND INSTRUMENTSvOR MILITARY USE, ZD.UCATION, RESEARCH, INDUSTRY AND BYESIGHT CORRECTION
Q SCIENCE-ADVERTISE,M.ENTS VoL. 98,'No. 25M,
SCIENCEVOL. 98 FRIDAY, AUGEUST 6, 1943 NO. 2536
Fisheries Research in Canada: DR. A. G. HUNTSMAN 117
Internationalism in Science: DR. KARL K. DARROW 122
Obituary:Frank Schlesinger. DR. HENRY NoRRIs RUSSELL.Arthur Willis Goodspeed: PROFESSOR HORACE C.
RICHARDS.Recent Deaths ....................... ..................... 123
Scientific Events:The Death-Rate in Germany; United States Lectur-ers in Brazil; The Proposed Oceanarium at ConeyIsland; The Study of Germicides and Bactericidesat the Ohio State University; Work of the Na-tional Foundation for Infantile Paralysis; The Li-
braryofSir Isaac Newton ............................. ............... 126
Scientific Notes and News ..................... ....................... 129Discussion:The Digestion of Living Tissues by ProteolyticEnzymes: DR. CARL A. DRAGSTEDT.- Vitamin C inEvergreen-tree Needles: DR. MAURICE DONNELLY.Transliteration of Russian Names: PFC. DAVID G.NICHOLS and PROFESSOR R. M. STRONG .............................. 131
Scientific Books:Mathematics: PROFESSOR PHILIP FRANKLIN. Pho-tographic Reproduction: JAMES STOKLEY ........................ 133
The American Association for the Advancement ofScience:
Resolution of the Council on the Science Mobiliza-tionBill ............................................ 135
Special Articles:Enhancement of Leukemogenic Action of Methyl-cholanthrene by Pre-Irradiation with X-Rays: DR.J. FURTH and M. C. BooN. The ComparativeNutritive Value of Butter and Some VegetableFats: DR. HARRY J. DEUEL, JR., ELI MOVITT and
LoisF.HALLMAN ........... ................................ 138
Scientific Apparatus and Laboratory Methods:A Simple and Efficient Calomel Half Cell: DR.
F.L.HAHN ........................................... 140
ScienceNews ............................................. 10
SCIENCE: A Weekly Journal devoted to the Advance-ment of Science, edited by J. MCKEEN CATTELL; WARECATTELL, assistant editor. Published every Friday by
THE SCIENCE PRESSLancaster, Pennsylvania
Annual Subscription, $6.00 Single Copies, 15 Cts.
SCIENCE is the official organ of the American Associa-tion for the Advancement of Science. Information regard-ing membership in the Association may be secured fromthe office of the permanent secretary in the SmithsonianInstitution Building, Washington, D. C.
FISHERIES RESEARCH IN CANADABy Dr. A. G. HUNTSMAN
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO
IN fisheries research as in many other thingsCanada through her intermediate position is power-fully influenced by both Great Britain and the UnitedStates, but their differences have permitted her to"call her soul her own" and to follow a somewhatindependent course. Her organization for fisheriesresearch did not spring like Minerva "full-armoredfrom the head of Jove," the creation of some masteror collective mind, as have many research organiza-tions, but has developed like an organism, in relationto its environment and by learning from experience.
After the forced union of Upper and Lower Canada(Ontario and Quebec) in 1841, the new Province ofCanada felt the stimulus of opportunity for self-government. With demands for protection of its fish-ing population along the shores of the Gulf of St.Lawrence from inroads of fishermen from the coloniesof New Brunswick and Nova Scotia and from the New
England states, it considered the services of a Britishcruiser inadequate and in 1852 appointed PierreFortin, a graduate in medicine of McGill Universityand in later life a Member of Parliament, as magis-trate in command of the expedition for the protectionof the fisheries in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, buildingthe armed schooner La Canadienne for his use. Hewas not only magistrate, but also counselor and physi-cian to the scattered communities along the coast, andin addition initiated fisheries research. He describedthe fishes (naming a new species) as well as the fisher-ies, and developed a system of detailed fishery sta-tisties that was adopted for the rest of Canada andthat has given this country these basic data for fisheryresearch, collected in more detail and continuously fora longer period than holds for any other country. Onconfederation of the province with New Brunswickand Nova Scotia to form the Dominion of Canada in