VLSIVery Large Scale Integration
•ƒ Integration of (mathematical expression) dx
•ƒ Integration of (Transistors and complex logic gates)
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1989
Transistors invented in Bell Laboratory
First IC (JK-FF by Jack Kilby at TI)
Early 60s Small Scale Integration (SSI) 10 transistors on a chip
Medium Scale Integration (MSI) 100s of transistors on a chip
Early 70s Large Scale Integration (LSI)1000s of transistor on a chip
Early 80s VLSI 10,000s of transistors on a chip (later 100,000s & now 1,000,000s)
Ultra LSI is sometimes used for 1,000,000s
Generations Of VLSI
2000-200001978Very Large Scale Integration
20000-?1989Ultra Large Scale Integration
200-20001972Large Scale Integration
20-2001967Medium Scale Integration
5-201964Complex Function
2-41962Multi-function
11960Unit Logic (one gate)
Less than 11959Single transistor
Complexity
(Number of logic blocks/chip)
DateEra
Design FlowSystem Specification
Functional Design
Functional Verification
Logic Design
Logic Verification
Circuit Design
Circuit Verification
Physical Design
Layout Verification
Fabrication and Testing
Behavioral representation
Logical representation
Circuit representation
Layout representation
Task
Sub-task
Sub-tasksSub-tasks Sub-tasks Sub-tasks
Sub-task
Design Hierarchy
The 4-bit adder
Simplified form to a single BIT
Concepts Of VLSI Design
VLSI Design Styles
• Field programmable gate array (FPGA)• Gate Array Design• Standard-cells based design• Full custom design
The Intel 486 Microprocessor is an example of Full-custom design.
VLSI in Today's world
VLSI in Communication
• VLSI has enabled us to use portable media tools like radio, mobile phones & PDA
• Recently INDIA launched its PSLV –polar satellite launch vehicle .This was only possible due to VLSI.
VLSI in Computers
•VLSI Design system was used in the Intel 80286 processor from 1978.
•All modern computers use either VLSI or its advanced versions like the ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration).
•This has reduced the size of computers & these days we have palmtops
Future of VLSI
•Emergence of GSI (Giga-Scale Integration) and TSI (Tera-Scale Intgration)
•Use of Carbon Nano-Tubes
•ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) & Wafer Scale Integration and more developed versions of SoC
(System on Chip).
Moore’s Law
• After every 24 months the number of transistors on a IC doubles for
minimum component cost.
Gordon Moore
CONCLUSION
The vast development in the VLSI design system and its successor the ULSI will lead to a rapid
growth in the electronics field.