Development and study of picosecond start and trigger
detector for high-energy heavy ion experiments
Vladimir Yurevich
LHEP/JINR, Dubna
NDIP14
V. Yurevich JINR / Dubna
Outline
• MPD and BM@N – new heavy ion projects at JINR
• Modular Cherenkov detectors
• Detector module
• Time calibration
• Beam tests
• Detector response and time resolution
• MC simulation of trigger performance
• Conclusion
NDIP14
V. Yurevich JINR / Dubna
MPD and BM@N – new heavy ion projects at JINR
MPD
BM@N
Aim is study of hot and dense baryonic matter formed in Au + Au collisions
• BM@N project – Fixed target experiment, Baryonic Matter at Nuclotron (2016)
• MPD project – NICA collider experiment, Multi-Purpose Detector (~2019)
NDIP14
V. Yurevich JINR / Dubna
MPD and BM@N – new heavy ion projects at JINR
SP- 41 magnet
ZDC
RPC (TOF)
FFD
DCST
Target
T0
MPD setup BM@N setup
Modular Cherenkov Detectors with Picosecond Time Resolution
FFD
FFD
2.3 < |η | <3.1
Vacuum pipe
L
RIP
BeamTarget
Vacuumpipe
T0 detector
75 cm
FFD 2 arrays2×12 modules2×48 channels
T0 1 array12 modules48 channelsFast Forward Detector
NDIP14
V. Yurevich JINR / Dubna
Modular Cherenkov Detectors
Detector Project Time Operation in L0 triggerresolution magnetic field min.bias central coll.
Fast Forward Detector (FFD) MPD < 50 ps B = 0.5 T Yes YesT0 detector (T0) BM@N < 50 ps B = 0.1 T Yes Yes
The detector concept is based on registration of Cherenkov radiation induced by high-energy photons from π0-decays and relativistic π± .
The aim of developed modular detectors :
• Start signal for TOF detector based on RPCs
• L0 trigger of Au + Au collisions
Requirements:
NDIP14
V. Yurevich JINR / Dubna
Anode pads of MCP-PMT are joined into 2 × 2 cells(4×4 pads/cell)
FEE includes:- 4 channels for pulses from anode pads (cells) - a single channel for pulse from MCPs output
Detector Module
12
34567
8
1 – Pb plate (converter of high-energy photons)2 – quartz radiator bars3 – MCP-PMT XP85012/A1-Q4 – FEE board5 – module housing6 – HV connector7 – SMA outputs of analog signals8 – HDMI cable (LVDS signals + LV for FEE)
MCP-PMT XP85012/A1-Q(PHOTONIS)
25 μm pore8×8 anode pads53×53-mm photocathodeQuartz windowPackage open-area-ratio – 80%Rise time – 0.6 nsEfficiency in UV range – 17-20%Gain ~ 10 at 1500 V
Detector of Cherenkov photons
NDIP14
V. Yurevich JINR / Dubna
5
MCP double, chevron,
Detector Module
A scheme of single channel of FEE
Module main components
Front-end electronics
MCP-PMT gain ~10 (HV ≈ -1500V)FEE amplifier gain ~30Analog output with rise time 1.3 ns and pulse width ~5 nsDiscriminator output – LVDS pulses with width up to 25 ns
5
Two different quartz radiators were used in test measurements 53×53 mm ≈ photocathode size
Dead area ≈ 20%59×59 mm ≈ MCP-PMT size
Dead area ≈ 0%
NDIP14
V. Yurevich JINR / Dubna
XP85012/A1-Q Quartz radiator
FEE boards
Time CalibrationNDIP14
V. Yurevich JINR / Dubna
1. ps-laser system
Laser head withoptic system
Reference detectorsbased on MCP-PMT
Two methods of time calibration of detector channels:
2. Reference beam counter system for T0 detector
ps-laser with optic system PiLas, 20 ps, 405 nm Advanced LaserDiode Systems
Quartz fiber bundle fibers WF100/140/300N BIOLITEC MCP-PMT (ref. detectors) PP0365G PHOTONISElectronics (ref. detectors) 9306, 9307 ORTEC
Main components
BC1, BC2 – Cherenkov beam counters
PiLas Control UnitLaser head withOptic system
MCP-PMT
Photodetector MCP-PMT PP0365G (PHOTONIS)MCP double , chevron, 6-μm pore sizeQuartz windowPhotocathode diam. 17.5 mm Rise time 200 psSensitivity in UV range QE ≈ 25–30 %Typical gain 7×10 5
Beam Tests 2013 - 2014
Beam of Nuclotron: 3.5-GeV deuteronsExperimental Area
TOF measurements with two pairs of modules D1–D2 and D3–D4:• analog signals DRS4(V4) digitizers from PSI • LVDS signals VME module TDC32VL from JINR
(32-channel 25 ps multihit time stamping TDC)
Modules prepared for beam test
Two MWPCs were used for particle tracking through detectors located on beam line
NDIP14
V. Yurevich JINR / Dubna
Detector Response and Time Resolution
Pulses of Detector 1 Pulses of Detector 2
Pulses of Detector 3 Pulses of Detector 4
Pulse form measured with DRS4 Evaluation Board V4
NDIP14
V. Yurevich JINR / Dubna
10 events when 3.5-GeV deuteron passes through the quartz bars of the detectors
Detector Response and Time Resolution
TOF measurements with pair of the modules and DRS4 E.B.V4
D1–D2 D3–D4
TOF result 33.5 psReadout electronics 14 ps
Single detector resolution 21.5 ps
NDIP14
V. Yurevich JINR / Dubna
Detector Response and Time Resolution
TOF measurements with pair of the modules and TDC32VLh_ffd_wid30
Entries 4215Mean 12.34RMS 1.215
LVDS Width, ns0 5 10 15 20 250
20
40
60
80
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120 h_ffd_wid30Entries 4215Mean 12.34RMS 1.215
FFD Width v-3 h-0h_ffd_wid31
Entries 4733Mean 12.55RMS 1.109
LVDS Width, ns0 5 10 15 20 250
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40
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120h_ffd_wid31
Entries 4733Mean 12.55RMS 1.109
FFD Width v-3 h-1h_ffd_wid32
Entries 4029Mean 11.61RMS 1.386
LVDS Width, ns0 5 10 15 20 250
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90h_ffd_wid32
Entries 4029Mean 11.61RMS 1.386
FFD Width v-3 h-2h_ffd_wid33
Entries 1497Mean 9.318RMS 1.761
LVDS Width, ns0 5 10 15 20 25
0
5
10
15
20
25 h_ffd_wid33Entries 1497Mean 9.318RMS 1.761
FFD Width v-3 h-3
h_ffd_wid20Entries 3666Mean 12.55RMS 1.262
LVDS Width, ns0 5 10 15 20 250
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90h_ffd_wid20
Entries 3666Mean 12.55RMS 1.262
FFD Width v-2 h-0h_ffd_wid21
Entries 5507Mean 12.89RMS 1.101
LVDS Width, ns0 5 10 15 20 250
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180h_ffd_wid21
Entries 5507Mean 12.89RMS 1.101
FFD Width v-2 h-1h_ffd_wid22
Entries 4438Mean 11.92RMS 1.428
LVDS Width, ns0 5 10 15 20 250
20
40
60
80
100 h_ffd_wid22Entries 4438Mean 11.92RMS 1.428
FFD Width v-2 h-2h_ffd_wid23
Entries 2231Mean 9.315RMS 1.753
LVDS Width, ns0 5 10 15 20 250
5
10
15
20
25
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35h_ffd_wid23
Entries 2231Mean 9.315RMS 1.753
FFD Width v-2 h-3
h_ffd_wid10Entries 4475Mean 11.83RMS 1.525
LVDS Width, ns0 5 10 15 20 250
20
40
60
80
100
h_ffd_wid10Entries 4475Mean 11.83RMS 1.525
FFD Width v-1 h-0h_ffd_wid11
Entries 5146Mean 12.13RMS 1.456
LVDS Width, ns0 5 10 15 20 250
20
40
60
80
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120 h_ffd_wid11Entries 5146Mean 12.13RMS 1.456
FFD Width v-1 h-1h_ffd_wid12
Entries 4755Mean 11.31RMS 1.623
LVDS Width, ns0 5 10 15 20 250
20
40
60
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100 h_ffd_wid12Entries 4755Mean 11.31RMS 1.623
FFD Width v-1 h-2h_ffd_wid13
Entries 1924Mean 9.228RMS 1.804
LVDS Width, ns0 5 10 15 20 250
5
10
15
20
25
30 h_ffd_wid13Entries 1924Mean 9.228RMS 1.804
FFD Width v-1 h-3
h_ffd_wid00Entries 2824Mean 9.899RMS 2.013
LVDS Width, ns0 5 10 15 20 250
5
10
15
20
25
30
h_ffd_wid00Entries 2824Mean 9.899RMS 2.013
FFD Width v-0 h-0h_ffd_wid01
Entries 3137Mean 10.01RMS 1.969
LVDS Width, ns0 5 10 15 20 250
5
10
15
20
25
30
35h_ffd_wid01
Entries 3137Mean 10.01RMS 1.969
FFD Width v-0 h-1h_ffd_wid02
Entries 2928Mean 9.409RMS 1.95
LVDS Width, ns0 5 10 15 20 250
5
10
15
20
25
30
h_ffd_wid02Entries 2928Mean 9.409RMS 1.95
FFD Width v-0 h-2h_ffd_wid03
Entries 932Mean 8.614RMS 1.832
LVDS Width, ns0 5 10 15 20 250
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20h_ffd_wid03
Entries 932Mean 8.614RMS 1.832
FFD Width v-0 h-3
h_ffd_dt30Entries 2640Mean 0.5641RMS 0.06198
/ ndf 2χ 32.32 / 24Constant 11.5± 449.6 Mean 0.001± 0.564 Sigma 0.00093± 0.05638
T, nsΔ0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40
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h_ffd_dt30Entries 2640Mean 0.5641RMS 0.06198
/ ndf 2χ 32.32 / 24Constant 11.5± 449.6 Mean 0.001± 0.564 Sigma 0.00093± 0.05638
T v-3 h-0ΔFFD
h_ffd_dt31Entries 4651Mean 0.5546RMS 0.05364
/ ndf 2χ 26.86 / 21Constant 16.6± 900.4 Mean 0.0007± 0.5554 Sigma 0.00056± 0.04998
T, nsΔ0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40
100
200
300
400
500
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700
800
900 h_ffd_dt31Entries 4651Mean 0.5546RMS 0.05364
/ ndf 2χ 26.86 / 21Constant 16.6± 900.4 Mean 0.0007± 0.5554 Sigma 0.00056± 0.04998
T v-3 h-1ΔFFD
h_ffd_dt32Entries 3991Mean 0.5533RMS 0.0602
/ ndf 2χ 47.77 / 23Constant 14.5± 714.3 Mean 0.0009± 0.5552 Sigma 0.00068± 0.05371
T, nsΔ0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40
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200
300
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h_ffd_dt32Entries 3991Mean 0.5533RMS 0.0602
/ ndf 2χ 47.77 / 23Constant 14.5± 714.3 Mean 0.0009± 0.5552 Sigma 0.00068± 0.05371
T v-3 h-2ΔFFD
h_ffd_dt33Entries 1475Mean 0.5261RMS 0.07115
/ ndf 2χ 30.94 / 21Constant 7.5± 214.1 Mean 0.0018± 0.5278 Sigma 0.00150± 0.06557
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4020406080
100120140160180200220240 h_ffd_dt33
Entries 1475Mean 0.5261RMS 0.07115
/ ndf 2χ 30.94 / 21Constant 7.5± 214.1 Mean 0.0018± 0.5278 Sigma 0.00150± 0.06557
T v-3 h-3ΔFFD
h_ffd_dt20Entries 2489
Mean 0.5539
RMS 0.06673
/ ndf 2χ 36.65 / 26
Constant 10.9± 421.6
Mean 0.0012± 0.5518
Sigma 0.00090± 0.05656
T, nsΔ0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40
50
100
150
200
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h_ffd_dt20Entries 2489
Mean 0.5539
RMS 0.06673
/ ndf 2χ 36.65 / 26
Constant 10.9± 421.6
Mean 0.0012± 0.5518
Sigma 0.00090± 0.05656
T v-2 h-0ΔFFD
h_ffd_dt21Entries 5422Mean 0.5453RMS 0.05287
/ ndf 2χ 40.79 / 21Constant 18.3± 1057 Mean 0.0007± 0.5453 Sigma 0.00053± 0.04951
T, nsΔ0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40
200
400
600
800
1000
h_ffd_dt21Entries 5422Mean 0.5453RMS 0.05287
/ ndf 2χ 40.79 / 21Constant 18.3± 1057 Mean 0.0007± 0.5453 Sigma 0.00053± 0.04951
T v-2 h-1ΔFFD
h_ffd_dt22Entries 4402Mean 0.5462RMS 0.05447
/ ndf 2χ 19.79 / 16Constant 15.4± 803 Mean 0.0008± 0.5467 Sigma 0.00062± 0.05301
T, nsΔ0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40
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200
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400
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800h_ffd_dt22
Entries 4402Mean 0.5462RMS 0.05447
/ ndf 2χ 19.79 / 16Constant 15.4± 803 Mean 0.0008± 0.5467 Sigma 0.00062± 0.05301
T v-2 h-2ΔFFD
h_ffd_dt23Entries 2208Mean 0.5233RMS 0.07234
/ ndf 2χ 27.76 / 22Constant 8.4± 311 Mean 0.0015± 0.5253 Sigma 0.00112± 0.06813
T, nsΔ0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40
50
100
150
200
250
300h_ffd_dt23
Entries 2208Mean 0.5233RMS 0.07234
/ ndf 2χ 27.76 / 22Constant 8.4± 311 Mean 0.0015± 0.5253 Sigma 0.00112± 0.06813
T v-2 h-3ΔFFD
h_ffd_dt10Entries 2768Mean 0.5443RMS 0.06529
/ ndf 2χ 46.88 / 26Constant 11.4± 452.1 Mean 0.0011± 0.5435 Sigma 0.00095± 0.05847
T, nsΔ0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40
50
100
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250
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450h_ffd_dt10
Entries 2768Mean 0.5443RMS 0.06529
/ ndf 2χ 46.88 / 26Constant 11.4± 452.1 Mean 0.0011± 0.5435 Sigma 0.00095± 0.05847
T v-1 h-0ΔFFD
h_ffd_dt11Entries 4990Mean 0.5394RMS 0.0544
/ ndf 2χ 21.43 / 19Constant 16.5± 914.7 Mean 0.0008± 0.5396 Sigma 0.00059± 0.05275
T, nsΔ0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40
100
200
300
400
500
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700
800
900
h_ffd_dt11Entries 4990Mean 0.5394RMS 0.0544
/ ndf 2χ 21.43 / 19Constant 16.5± 914.7 Mean 0.0008± 0.5396 Sigma 0.00059± 0.05275
T v-1 h-1ΔFFD
h_ffd_dt12Entries 4660
Mean 0.539
RMS 0.05971
/ ndf 2χ 43.34 / 21
Constant 15.1± 796.9
Mean 0.0008± 0.5404
Sigma 0.00068± 0.05633
T, nsΔ0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40
100
200
300
400
500
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700
800h_ffd_dt12
Entries 4660
Mean 0.539
RMS 0.05971
/ ndf 2χ 43.34 / 21
Constant 15.1± 796.9
Mean 0.0008± 0.5404
Sigma 0.00068± 0.05633
T v-1 h-2ΔFFD
h_ffd_dt13Entries 1897Mean 0.5137RMS 0.07626
/ ndf 2χ 34.35 / 22Constant 7.4± 246.8 Mean 0.0018± 0.5147 Sigma 0.00136± 0.07301
T, nsΔ0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40
50
100
150
200
250
h_ffd_dt13Entries 1897Mean 0.5137RMS 0.07626
/ ndf 2χ 34.35 / 22Constant 7.4± 246.8 Mean 0.0018± 0.5147 Sigma 0.00136± 0.07301
T v-1 h-3ΔFFD
h_ffd_dt00Entries 1129Mean 0.5327RMS 0.07778
/ ndf 2χ 34.93 / 23Constant 6.1± 155.6 Mean 0.002± 0.535 Sigma 0.00172± 0.06832
T, nsΔ0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40
20
40
60
80
100
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140
160
180h_ffd_dt00
Entries 1129Mean 0.5327RMS 0.07778
/ ndf 2χ 34.93 / 23Constant 6.1± 155.6 Mean 0.002± 0.535 Sigma 0.00172± 0.06832
T v-0 h-0ΔFFD
h_ffd_dt01Entries 2012Mean 0.5387RMS 0.06697
/ ndf 2χ 38.92 / 21Constant 8.9± 311.7 Mean 0.001± 0.541 Sigma 0.00108± 0.06147
T, nsΔ0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40
50
100
150
200
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300
h_ffd_dt01Entries 2012Mean 0.5387RMS 0.06697
/ ndf 2χ 38.92 / 21Constant 8.9± 311.7 Mean 0.001± 0.541 Sigma 0.00108± 0.06147
T v-0 h-1ΔFFD
h_ffd_dt02Entries 1998Mean 0.5283RMS 0.07479
/ ndf 2χ 53.17 / 21Constant 8.2± 278.8 Mean 0.0016± 0.5321 Sigma 0.00125± 0.06773
T, nsΔ0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40
50
100
150
200
250
300 h_ffd_dt02Entries 1998Mean 0.5283RMS 0.07479
/ ndf 2χ 53.17 / 21Constant 8.2± 278.8 Mean 0.0016± 0.5321 Sigma 0.00125± 0.06773
T v-0 h-2ΔFFD
h_ffd_dt03Entries 737Mean 0.5009RMS 0.08654
/ ndf 2χ 28.47 / 20Constant 4.18± 84.89 Mean 0.0033± 0.5042 Sigma 0.00254± 0.07974
T, nsΔ0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40
20
40
60
80
100 h_ffd_dt03Entries 737Mean 0.5009RMS 0.08654
/ ndf 2χ 28.47 / 20Constant 4.18± 84.89 Mean 0.0033± 0.5042 Sigma 0.00254± 0.07974
T v-0 h-3ΔFFD
photocathode
Quartz bar29.5×29.5 mm
XP85012/A1-QPulse width distributions
TOF distributions
TOF resolution 54 psReadout electronics 25 ps
Single detector resolution 34 ps
NDIP14
V. Yurevich JINR / Dubna
NNs
NNs, GeVγE
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
N, a
rb. u
n.
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0.05
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0.15
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MC Simulation of Trigger Performance for FFD
impact parameter, fm0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
N p
er e
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ienc
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= 5 GeV, 30peS
= 7 GeV, 30peS
= 9 GeV, 30peS
= 11 GeV, 30peS
Energy spectrum of photons in FFD acceptancefor Au + Au at = 5 GeV.
Photons in acceptance of single FFD array = 9 GeV
Efficiency of triggering the collisions by photon detection in single FFD array
UrQMD + GEANT3
7-mm Pb converter
number of optical photons0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
time
, n
s
2.6
2.8
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3.6
Entries 36032Mean x 1417Mean y 2.783RMS x 612.6RMS y 0.1889Integral 3.557e+04 0 0 0 0 35571 461 0 0 0
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10
Entries 36032Mean x 1417Mean y 2.783RMS x 612.6RMS y 0.1889Integral 3.557e+04 0 0 0 0 35571 461 0 0 0
= 5 GeVSby charged, per pad, mbias AuAu
pπ
Plot of number of Cherenkov photons in radiator vstime of arrival of ch. particles at = 5 GeVNNs
NNsNNs
NDIP14
V. Yurevich JINR / Dubna
MC Simulation of Trigger Performance for T0 detector LAQGSM + GEANT4
b, fm0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Num
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Au + Au, 2 AGeV
b, fm0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
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Au + Au, 4 AGeV
photons + ch. pions
Number of signals from T0 detector induced by high-energy photons and ch. pionsand corresponding detector efficiency as a function of impact parameter b for Au + Au collisions at energies 2 and 4 A GeV
• 100% efficiency for collisions with b < 10 fm• Central collisions provide maximum number of detector signals
and this fact can be used for triggering Au + Au central collisions
NDIP14
V. Yurevich JINR / Dubna
ConclusionNDIP14
V. Yurevich JINR / Dubna
The developed modular Cherenkov detectors, FFD and T0, provide time resolution
much better than 50 ps required.
In test measurements with LVDS signals we got for the detector array
σ ≈ 34 ps for single pulse or
σ ≈ 8 ps for event with 20 pulses in Au + Au central collision
Even better result is obtained with method of digitizing pulse form.
In final version of the modules we decided to use
10-mm lead converter with photon conversion efficiency of 70%
quartz radiator 53×53 mm which is equal to photocathode area of XP85012
The T0 detector will be produced in 2014 and tested with beam in Feb. 2015.
t
t