Vježba:Vježba:Izbor materijala zaIzbor materijala za
lopatice rotora plinskih lopatice rotora plinskih turbinaturbina
2016.2016.
VjeVježžba: Izbor materijala za lopatice rotora plinskih turbinaba: Izbor materijala za lopatice rotora plinskih turbina
VjeVježžba: Izbor materijala za lopatice rotora plinskih turbinaba: Izbor materijala za lopatice rotora plinskih turbina
Ograničenja:• Rd > 360 MPa (za 107 ciklusa)• Radne temp > 900 °C• Otp. na viskotemp.oxid. odlična• Samo tehn. keramike i metale uzeti u obzir• metali: precizni lijev (Investment casting)
1. duljina lopatica l =const2. lomna žilavost (dane dođe do naglog loma)3. centrifugalna sila Rm, Re ili Rd Rd (pokretanje/ zaustavljanje/ topl. šokovi)4. temp. =900 do 1000 °C
Select All Materials All StagesName1. Zirconium carbide2. Zirconia bio‐ceramic3. Zirconia (yttria stabilized, transformation toughened)4. Zirconia (transformation toughened)(L)5. Zirconia (Y‐TZP)(HIP)6. Tungsten‐rhenium alloy, wire7. Tungsten‐rhenium alloy, W‐25Re8. Tungsten‐copper alloy, elkonite 50W39. Tungsten‐Ni‐Mo‐Fe alloy, Anviloy 115010. Tungsten‐Ni‐Fe alloy, ROSM WH9766F11. Tungsten‐Ni‐Fe alloy, ROSM WH9560F (Densamet heavy
alloy)12. Tungsten‐Ni‐Fe alloy, ROSM WH9375F13. Tungsten‐Ni‐Fe alloy, CMW 300014. Tungsten‐Ni‐Cu‐Mo alloy15. Tungsten‐Ni‐Cu alloy, ROSM WH9075C16. Tungsten‐Ni‐Cu alloy, CMW 3950 (mallory heavy alloy) 17. Tungsten‐Cu‐Ni alloy, ROSM WH8035F18. Tungsten, commercial purity, R07004, wire19. Tungsten, commercial purity, R07004, annealed20. Stainless steel, austenitic, AISI 304, wrought, HT grade D21. Stainless steel, austenitic, AISI 304, wrought, HT grade C22. Stainless steel, austenitic, AISI 304, wrought, HT grade B23. Stainless steel, austenitic, AISI 302, wrought, HT grade D24. Stainless steel, austenitic, AISI 302, wrought, HT grade C25. Stainless steel, austenitic, AISI 302, wrought, HT grade B26. Silicon nitride (sintered)27. Silicon nitride (hot pressed)(5%MgO)28. Silicon nitride (HIP)29. Silicon carbide (hot pressed)Contains 2% Al2O330. Silicon carbide (hot pressed)
VjeVježžba: Izbor materijala za lopatice rotora plinskih turbinaba: Izbor materijala za lopatice rotora plinskih turbina
Select All Materials All StagesName31. Silicon carbide (HIP)32. Sialons (Si‐Al‐O‐N ceramic)33. Sapphire (single crystal)34. Rhenium, commercial purity, soft35. Rhenium, commercial purity, hard36. Osmium, commercial purity, soft37. Osmium, commercial purity, hard38. Nickel‐tungsten alloy, MAR‐M 200, directionally solidified39. Nickel‐tungsten alloy, MAR‐M 200, as cast40. Nickel‐magnetic alloy, alloy 2A, cold rolled, soft41. Nickel‐magnetic alloy, 79Ni‐4Mo‐Fe, alloy 4, cold rolled, soft42. Nickel‐magnetic alloy, 49Ni‐Fe, alloy 2B, cold rolled, soft43. Nickel‐magnetic alloy, 45Ni‐Fe, alloy 1, cold rolled, soft44. Nickel‐chromium alloy, NIMONIC 81, heat treated45. Nickel‐chromium alloy, NIMONIC 80A, heat treated46. Nickel‐chromium alloy, NIMONIC 75, annealed47. Nickel‐chromium alloy, NICHROME V, annealed (resistance
alloy)48. Nickel‐chromium alloy, N06008, annealed (resistance alloy) 49. Nickel‐chromium alloy, INCONEL 754, wrought, annealed50. Nickel‐chromium alloy, INCONEL 713L, cast, as cast51. Nickel‐chromium alloy, INCONEL 713, cast, as cast52. Nickel‐chromium alloy, INCONEL 706, wrought, annealed53. Nickel‐chromium alloy, INCONEL 690, wrought, annealed54. Nickel‐chromium alloy, INCONEL 671, wrought, annealed55. Nickel‐chromium alloy, INCONEL 625, wrought, annealed56. Nickel‐chromium alloy, INCONEL 600, wrought, wire
(spring)57. Nickel‐chromium alloy, INCONEL 600, wrought, spring
temper58. Nickel‐chromium alloy, INCONEL 600, wrought, hard
VjeVježžba: Izbor materijala za lopatice rotora plinskih turbinaba: Izbor materijala za lopatice rotora plinskih turbina
Select All Materials All StagesName83. Nickel‐Cr‐Fe alloy, alloy 705, as cast84. Nickel‐Cr‐Fe alloy, NICHROME, annealed (resistance alloy) 85. Nickel‐Cr‐Fe alloy, INCONEL 601, wrought86. Nickel‐Cr‐Co‐Mo alloy, Rene 41, wire87. Nickel‐Cr‐Co‐Mo alloy, Rene 41, solution treated & aged88. Nickel‐Cr‐Co‐Mo alloy, Rene 4189. Nickel‐Cr‐Co‐Mo alloy, INCONEL 617, wrought90. Nickel‐Cr‐Co alloy, NIMONIC PK33, heat treated91. Nickel‐Cr‐Co alloy, NIMONIC 90, heat treated92. Nickel‐Cr‐Co alloy, NIMONIC 115, heat treated93. Nickel‐Cr‐Co alloy, MAR‐M 421, as cast94. Nickel‐Cr‐Co alloy, IN‐939, as cast95. Nickel‐Cr‐Co alloy, IN‐738C, as cast96. Nickel‐Cr‐Co alloy, IN‐162, as cast97. Nickel‐Co‐Cr alloy, UDIMET 700, bar98. Nickel‐Co‐Cr alloy, UDIMET 500, bar99. Nickel‐Co‐Cr alloy, NIMONIC 105, bar100. Nickel‐Co‐Cr alloy, MAR‐M 432, as cast101. Nickel‐Co‐Cr alloy, IN‐100, as cast102. Nickel‐Co‐Cr alloy, HAYNES C263 (NIMONIC 263), sheet 103. Nickel‐Co‐Cr alloy, EP741NP104. Nickel‐Co‐Cr alloy, B‐1900, as cast105. Diamond106. Cobalt‐base‐superalloy, X‐40, cast107. Cobalt‐base‐superalloy, WI‐52, cast108. Cobalt‐base‐superalloy, UMCo‐50, wrought109. Cobalt‐base‐superalloy, MAR‐M 509, cast110. Cobalt‐base‐superalloy, MAR‐M 302, cast111. Cobalt‐base‐superalloy, L605, wrought, solution treated112. Cobalt‐base‐superalloy, HS 188, wrought, solution treated
Select All Materials All StagesName59. Nickel‐chromium alloy, INCONEL 600, wrought, annealed60. Nickel‐chromium alloy, INCONEL 600, wrought (hot
worked)61. Nickel‐chromium alloy, INCONEL 600, wrought (cold
worked)62. Nickel‐chromium alloy, INCONEL 600, wrought (cold
drawn)63. Nickel‐chromium alloy, HAYNES 230, wrought, annealed64. Nickel‐chromium alloy, HASTELLOY X, wrought, solution
treated65. Nickel‐chromium alloy, HASTELLOY G‐3, wrought, solution
treated66. Nickel‐chromium alloy, HASTELLOY G, wrought, solution
treated67. Nickel‐W‐Co alloy, MAR‐M 247, as cast68. Nickel‐W‐Co alloy, MAR‐M 246, as cast69. Nickel‐Mo‐Cr alloy, HASTELLOY S70. Nickel‐Mo‐Cr alloy, HASTELLOY N71. Nickel‐Mo‐Cr alloy, HASTELLOY C‐472. Nickel‐Mo‐Cr alloy, HASTELLOY C‐27673. Nickel‐Fe‐Cr alloy, UDIMET 630, bar74. Nickel‐Fe‐Cr alloy, PYROMET 860, bar75. Nickel‐Fe‐Cr alloy, NIMONIC PE16, bar76. Nickel‐Fe‐Cr alloy, NIMONIC PE11, bar77. Nickel‐Fe‐Cr alloy, NIMONIC 942, bar78. Nickel‐Fe‐Cr alloy, INCOLOY 825, annealed79. Nickel‐Fe‐Cr alloy, INCOLOY 801, aged80. Nickel‐Fe‐Cr alloy, INCOLOY 800, spring temper, wire81. Nickel‐Fe‐Cr alloy, INCOLOY 800, cold drawn, bar82. Nickel‐Fe‐Cr alloy, HAYNES HR‐120, annealed
VjeVježžba: Izbor materijala za lopatice rotora plinskih turbinaba: Izbor materijala za lopatice rotora plinskih turbina
Select All Materials All StagesName113. Cobalt‐base‐superalloy, HAYNES STELLITE 6K, wrought114. Cobalt‐base‐superalloy, HAYNES STELLITE 6B, wrought115. Chromium‐nickel alloy, 50Cr‐50Ni, as cast116. Chromium‐nickel alloy, 50Cr‐48Ni‐2Cb, as cast117. Alumina (pressed and sintered)118. Alumina (99.5)(finegrain)
Help Index Fan
VjeVježžba: Izbor materijala za lopatice rotora plinskih turbinaba: Izbor materijala za lopatice rotora plinskih turbina
VjeVježžba: Izbor materijala za lopatice rotora plinskih turbinaba: Izbor materijala za lopatice rotora plinskih turbina
Maksimalna brzina vrtnje ω (bez opasnosti od loma)dobiva se s materijalima koji imaju velik iznos:
ili obrnuto: M1=/KIcmin
za otp. na centrif. sile:M2= /Rd min
VjeVježžba: Izbor materijala za lopatice rotora plinskih turbinaba: Izbor materijala za lopatice rotora plinskih turbina
VjeVježžba: Izbor materijala za lopatice rotora plinskih turbinaba: Izbor materijala za lopatice rotora plinskih turbina
Density / Fatigue strength at 10^7 cycles2 5 10 20 50
Den
sity
/ F
ract
ure
toug
hnes
s
20
50
100
200
500
1000
2000
5000
Diamond
Sapphire (single crystal)
Zirconium carbide
Osmium, commercial purity, hard
Nickel-Cr-Co-Mo alloy, Rene 41, wire
Stainless steel, austenitic, AISI 304, wrought, HT grade D
Tungsten, commercial purity, R07004, wire
Nickel-chromium alloy, INCONEL 713, cast, as cast
Zirconia (Y-TZP)(HIP)
Zirconia bio-ceramic
Zirconia (transformation toughened)(L)
Tungsten, commercial purity,R07004, annealed
Stainless steel, austenitic, AISI 304, wrought, HT grade D
Silicon nitride (hot pressed)(5%MgO)
temp >900 °C
Density / Fatigue strength at 10^7 cycles2 5 10 20 50
Den
sity
/ F
ract
ure
toug
hnes
s
20
50
100
200
500
1000
2000
5000
Diamond
Sapphire (single crystal)
Nickel-Cr-Co-Mo alloy, Rene 41, wire
Tungsten, commercial purity, R07004, wire
Zirconia (Y-TZP)(HIP)
Zirconia bio-ceramic
Zirconia (transformation toughened)(L)
Tungsten, commercial purity,R07004, annealed
Silicon nitride (hot pressed)(5%MgO)
Nickel-chromium alloy, NICHROME V, annealed (resistance alloy)
Nickel-Co-Cr alloy, UDIMET 700, bar
Nickel-chromium alloy, N06008, annealed (resistance alloy)
Tungsten, commercial purity, R07004, annealed
VjeVježžba: Izbor materijala za lopatice rotora plinskih turbinaba: Izbor materijala za lopatice rotora plinskih turbina
temp >1000 °C
Density / Fatigue strength at 10^7 cycles2 5 10 20 50
Den
sity
/ F
ract
ure
toug
hnes
s
20
50
100
200
500
1000
2000
5000
Diamond
Sapphire (single crystal)
Nickel-Cr-Co-Mo alloy, Rene 41, wire
Tungsten, commercial purity, R07004, wire
Zirconia (Y-TZP)(HIP)
Zirconia bio-ceramic
Zirconia (transformation toughened)(L)
Tungsten, commercial purity,R07004, annealed
Silicon nitride (hot pressed)(5%MgO)
Nickel-chromium alloy, NICHROME V, annealed (resistance alloy)
Nickel-Co-Cr alloy, UDIMET 700, bar
Nickel-chromium alloy, N06008, annealed (resistance alloy)
Tungsten, commercial purity, R07004, annealed
VjeVježžba: Izbor materijala za lopatice rotora plinskih turbinaba: Izbor materijala za lopatice rotora plinskih turbina
temp >1100 °C
VjeVježžba: Izbor materijala za lopatice rotora plinskih turbinaba: Izbor materijala za lopatice rotora plinskih turbina
Cijena materijala za rotor je:
gdje je Cm cijena materijala po kg, ρ je gustoća , a V volumenmaterijala rotora.Volumen je određen polumjerom R, koji je zadan (ograničenje). Trošak je minimalan ako se biraju materijali s visokim omjerom volumena po jedinici cijene:
max
VjeVježžba: Izbor materijala za lopatice rotora plinskih turbinaba: Izbor materijala za lopatice rotora plinskih turbina
1/ (
Den
sity
*Price
)
1e-9
1e-8
1e-7
1e-6
1e-5
Diamond
Silicon carbide (hot pressed)Contains 2% Al2O3Silicon carbide (hot pressed)
Alumina (pressed and sintered)
Sialons (Si-Al-O-N ceramic)
Silicon nitride (hot pressed)(5%MgO)
Cobalt-base-superalloy, X-40, castNickel-chromium alloy, INCONEL 600, wrought, spring temper
Nickel-chromium alloy, NIMONIC 80A, heat treatedNickel-Co-Cr alloy, HAYNES C263 (NIMONIC 263), sheet
Tungsten-rhenium alloy, wire
Tungsten-rhenium alloy, W-25Re
VjeVježžba: Izbor materijala za lopatice rotora plinskih turbinaba: Izbor materijala za lopatice rotora plinskih turbina
Select All Materials - All Stages
Name 1/ ( Density*Price)1. Silicon carbide (hot pressed)Contains 2% Al2O3 2.03e‐5 ‐ 2.92e‐5
2. Silicon carbide (hot pressed) 2.01e‐5 ‐ 2.87e‐5
3. Silicon carbide (HIP)1.99e‐5 ‐ 2.84e‐5
4. Alumina (pressed and sintered) 1.2e‐5 ‐ 1.8e‐5
5. Sialons (Si‐Al‐O‐N ceramic) 1.02e‐5 ‐ 1.49e‐5
6. Zirconia (transformation toughened)(L) 8.51e‐6 ‐ 1.23e‐5
7. Zirconia bio‐ceramic 8.26e‐6 ‐ 1.19e‐5
8. Zirconia (yttria stabilized, transformation toughened) 8.12e‐6 ‐ 1.17e‐5
9. Zirconia (Y‐TZP)(HIP) 8e‐6 ‐ 1.16e‐5
…
55. wire 8.65e‐7 ‐ 9.56e‐7
56. Tungsten‐rhenium alloy, W‐25Re 1.68e‐7 ‐ 1.85e‐7
57. Sapphire (single crystal) 4.53e‐9 ‐ 4.82e‐9
58. Diamond 5.99e‐10 ‐ 1.2e‐9
VjeVježžba: Izbor materijala za lopatice rotora plinskih turbinaba: Izbor materijala za lopatice rotora plinskih turbina
Ceramics and glasses Metals and alloys
1/ (
Den
sity
*Price
)
1e-9
1e-8
1e-7
1e-6
1e-5
1e-4
Silicon carbide (hot pressed)Sialons (Si-Al-O-N ceramic)
Zirconia (transformation toughened)(L)
Alumina (99.5)(finegrain)
Cobalt-base-superalloy, UMCo-50, wroughtNickel-Cr-Fe alloy, NICHROME, annealed (resistance alloy)
Nickel-chromium alloy, HASTELLOY X, wrought, solution treated
Tungsten, commercial purity, R07004, wire
Tungsten-rhenium alloy, wire
Tungsten-rhenium alloy, W-25Re
Diamond
Silicon carbide (hot pressed)Contains 2% Al2O3
Alumina (pressed and sintered)Silicon carbide (HIP)
Nickel-Co-Cr alloy, NIMONIC 105, bar