Visualising Data in Academic Research
AC21010
Michael Crabb
Social Inclusion through the Digital Economy
Project Themes
Accessibility
Connected Home and Community
Creative Industries
Transport
Project Themes
Connected Home and Community
Creative Industries
Transport
Accessibility Perspective
Social Networking for Older Adults
Touch Screen Devices for Users with Motor Issues
Understanding Website Usability through Cognitive Psychology
Enabling Users in the Built Environment
User Pool
Focus Groups
In The Wild Testing
User Testing
Bridg·esA structure spanning and providing passage over a gap or barrier, such as a river or roadway
lol!
:-(
Computer
Interaction
HUMAN
ComputerM
ouse
tablet
smartphone
PC
MAC
Monitor
Printer
Calculator
Keyb
oard
Interaction
Type
Swipe
Browse
Adjust
Touch
Mov
e
wri
te
HUMAN
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Cognitive Psychology
Cattell - Horn - Carroll
Cattell - Horn - Carroll
CrystallisedIntelligence
FluidIntelligence
Gf
Gc
Gv
Gsm
Glr
Gs
Ga
Gq
GtGwr
Processing Speed
Fluid Intelligence
Short Term Memory
Long Term Memory
Internet Usage
Internet Confidence
User Testing
Fluid IntelligenceOdd One OutLetter Sets
I
II
III
BCDE FGHI JKLM PRST VWXY
CERT KMTV FHXZ BODQ HJPR
KGDB DFIM KIFB HJMQ LHEC
Fluid IntelligenceOdd One OutLetter Sets
I
II
III
BCDE FGHI JKLM PRST VWXY
CERT KMTV FHXZ BODQ HJPR
KGDB DFIM KIFB HJMQ LHEC
Remembering ConnectionsLong Term
Mem
oryMeaningful Memory
hammer excellent
rock rough
roof flat
Processing Speed
Spot the DifferenceNumber Comparison
11653 11652
18824 18824
518198045 518168045
63216067 63216057
18824 18824
Processing Speed
Spot the DifferenceNumber Comparison
11653 11652
18824 18824
518198045 518168045
63216067 63216057
18824 18824
Remembering ConnectionsLong Term
Mem
oryMeaningful Memory
rockrockrockrockrockdirt smooth flat jagged large
roofroofroofroofrooflevel rough sloping leaky sturdy
hammerhammerhammerhammerhammerbig rough good small heavy
Remembering ConnectionsLong Term
Mem
oryMeaningful Memory
rockrockrockrockrockdirt smooth flat jagged large
roofroofroofroofrooflevel rough sloping leaky sturdy
hammerhammerhammerhammerhammerbig rough good small heavy
Short Term M
emory
Number RecallDigit Span Test
5 3 7 9 2
3 2 9 8 6 1 0 4
Short Term M
emory
Number RecallDigit Span Test
5 3 7 9 2
3 2 9 8 6 1 0 4
? ? ? ? ?
Short Term M
emory
Number RecallDigit Span Test
5 3 7 9 2
3 2 9 8 6 1 0 4
? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Internet ConfidenceInternet Usage
Likert ScoredQuestionnaires
“I feel confident using the internet to find information about a topic”“I feel confident using the internet to find information about a topic”“I feel confident using the internet to find information about a topic”“I feel confident using the internet to find information about a topic”“I feel confident using the internet to find information about a topic”Strongly Agree Agree Neither Agree
nor Disagree Disagree Strongly Disagree
“I feel confident selecting the right words for an Internet search”“I feel confident selecting the right words for an Internet search”“I feel confident selecting the right words for an Internet search”“I feel confident selecting the right words for an Internet search”“I feel confident selecting the right words for an Internet search”Strongly Agree Agree Neither Agree
nor Disagree Disagree Strongly Disagree
“I communicate with friends or family online...”“I communicate with friends or family online...”“I communicate with friends or family online...”“I communicate with friends or family online...”“I communicate with friends or family online...”Everyday Several Times a
WeekSeveral Times a
MonthEvery Few
Months Never
Internet ConfidenceInternet Usage
Likert ScoredQuestionnaires
“I feel confident using the internet to find information about a topic”“I feel confident using the internet to find information about a topic”“I feel confident using the internet to find information about a topic”“I feel confident using the internet to find information about a topic”“I feel confident using the internet to find information about a topic”Strongly Agree Agree Neither Agree
nor Disagree Disagree Strongly Disagree
“I feel confident selecting the right words for an Internet search”“I feel confident selecting the right words for an Internet search”“I feel confident selecting the right words for an Internet search”“I feel confident selecting the right words for an Internet search”“I feel confident selecting the right words for an Internet search”Strongly Agree Agree Neither Agree
nor Disagree Disagree Strongly Disagree
“I communicate with friends or family online...”“I communicate with friends or family online...”“I communicate with friends or family online...”“I communicate with friends or family online...”“I communicate with friends or family online...”Everyday Several Times a
WeekSeveral Times a
MonthEvery Few
Months Never
participant x participant Y participant z
Ps
Gf
IU
Glr
Gsm
IC Ps
Gf
IU
Glr
Gsm
IC Ps
Gf
IU
Glr
Gsm
IC
participant x participant Y participant z
Ps
Gf
IU
Glr
Gsm
IC Ps
Gf
IU
Glr
Gsm
IC Ps
Gf
IU
Glr
Gsm
IC
practiceturn theory into
practiceturn theory into
government banking local attractions
shopping news medical
observedmeasurements
Human Factors✦Fluid Intelligence✦Processing Speed✦Short Term Memory✦Long Term Memory✦Internet Confidence✦Internet Usage✦Demographics
humans observing websites✦Disorientation Questions✦Disorientation (Reversed) Questions✦Ease of Use Questions
You can’t say that you’re
right
You can only say you’re not wrong
nullhypothesisstatistical
testing
hypothesistesting
H0 : Cognitive factors have no impact on an individuals ability to perform Information Retrieval tasks
H0 : Older and Younger adults use the same cognitive factors when performing Information Retrieval tasks
H0 : Cognitive factors have a negative impact on an individuals ability to perform Information Retrieval tasks
older adultdefining an
older adultdefining an
Older AdultsMax: 89
Mean: 70Min: 62
Younger AdultsMax: 28
Mean: 22Min: 18
older adultdefining an
independent sampled t-test
Kurtosis Testing
Multiple Regression
s 1 s2 s 3
Younger Adults
Older Adults
independent sampled t-test
Kurtosis Testing
Multiple Regression
s 1 s2 s 3
Younger Adults
Older Adults
independent sampled t-test
Kurtosis Testing
Multiple Regression
s 1 s2 s 3
Younger Adults
Older Adults
independent sampled t-test
Kurtosis Testing
Multiple Regression
s 1 s2 s 3
Older and Younger AdultsMultiple Regression
s 1 s 2 s 3 s 3 s 2 s 1
Older and Younger AdultsMultiple Regression
s 1 s 2 s 3
Age
Tech Usage
Cognitive Factors
10.4%
32.5%
45.1%
s 3 s 2 s 1
Older and Younger AdultsMultiple Regression
s 1 s 2 s 3
Age
Tech Usage
Cognitive Factors
10.4%
32.5%
45.1%
s 3 s 2 s 1
31.0%
9.7%
0.1%Age
Tech Usage
Cognitive Factors
Older and Younger AdultsMultiple Regression
s 1 s 2 s 3
Age
Tech Usage
Cognitive Factors
10.4%
32.5%
45.1%
s 3 s 2 s 1
31.0%
9.7%
0.1%Age
Tech Usage
Cognitive Factors
H0 : Cognitive factors have no impact on an individuals ability to perform Information Retrieval tasks
Older and Younger AdultsMultiple Regression
s 1 s 2 s 3
Age
Tech Usage
Cognitive Factors
10.4%
32.5%
45.1%
s 3 s 2 s 1
31.0%
9.7%
0.1%Age
Tech Usage
Cognitive Factors
Older and Younger Adults
Diso
rien
tati
on
Diso
rien
tati
onMultiple Regression
older Adults Younger Adults
Older and Younger Adults
Processing Speed
Short Term Memory
Internet ConfidenceFluid Intelligence
Diso
rien
tati
on
Diso
rien
tati
onMultiple Regression
older Adults Younger Adults
Older and Younger Adults
Processing Speed
Short Term Memory
Internet ConfidenceFluid Intelligence
Diso
rien
tati
on
Diso
rien
tati
on
Internet Usage
Multiple Regression
older Adults Younger Adults
Older and Younger Adults
Internet Confidence
Fluid Intelligence
Processing Speed
Short Term Memory
Internet ConfidenceFluid Intelligence
Short Term Memory
Diso
rien
tati
on
Diso
rien
tati
on
Internet Usage
Multiple Regression
older Adults Younger Adults
Older and Younger Adults
Internet Confidence
Fluid Intelligence
Processing Speed
Short Term Memory
Internet ConfidenceFluid Intelligence
Short Term Memory
Diso
rien
tati
on
Diso
rien
tati
on
Long Term MemoryProcessing SpeedInternet Usage
Multiple Regression
older Adults Younger Adults
Older and Younger Adults
Internet Confidence
Fluid Intelligence
Processing Speed
Short Term Memory
Internet ConfidenceFluid Intelligence
Short Term Memory
Diso
rien
tati
on
Diso
rien
tati
on
Long Term MemoryProcessing SpeedInternet Usage
Multiple RegressionH0 :
Older and Younger adults use the same cognitive factors when performing Information Retrieval tasks
older Adults Younger Adults
Older and Younger Adults
Internet Confidence
Fluid Intelligence
Processing Speed
Short Term Memory
Internet ConfidenceFluid Intelligence
Short Term Memory
Diso
rien
tati
on
Diso
rien
tati
on
Long Term MemoryProcessing SpeedInternet Usage
Multiple Regression
older Adults Younger Adults
Older and Younger Adults
Internet Confidence
Fluid Intelligence
Processing Speed
Short Term Memory
Internet ConfidenceFluid Intelligence
Short Term Memory
Diso
rien
tati
on
Diso
rien
tati
on
Long Term MemoryProcessing SpeedInternet Usage
Multiple RegressionH0 :
Cognitive factors have a negative impact on an individuals ability to perform Information Retrieval tasks
older Adults Younger Adults
Older and Younger Adults
Internet Confidence
Fluid Intelligence
Processing Speed
Short Term Memory
Internet ConfidenceFluid Intelligence
Short Term Memory
Diso
rien
tati
on
Diso
rien
tati
on
Long Term MemoryProcessing SpeedInternet Usage
Multiple Regression
older Adults Younger Adults
This is boring
What I want you to do...
“Come up with a different (and more exciting) way of visualising this dataset”
7098Data Points
HumanFactors
WebsiteFactors
QuestionnaireAnswers
100110110101
001011001010
001001100101
HumanFactors
userID Participant ID
fluid Fluid Intelligence
intConf Internet Confidence
processingSpeed Processing Speed
ShortMem Short Term Memory
longMem Long Term Memory
intUsage Internet Usage
Age Participant Age
WebsiteFactors
questionID
101categoryID questionID
random 0
QuestionnaireAnswers
Disorientation
EaseofUse
DisorientationReversed
Total
preQues'onInterest postNoIdea
preQues'onEase postLearningSite
preSiteVisit postSkillfulEasy
preSiteVisit postEasyNav
postFeelLost postConfDirec'on
postFeelCircles postRightPath
postFindPrevious postBackwardForward
postNaviga'on postCurrentPlace
postDesiredLoca'on postFind
postDisoriented
Thats it.
data file is online - address is in the sheet for your assignment
Good Luck
@mike_crabb