LAAS-CNRS
/ Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes du CNRS
Laboratoire conventionné
avec l’Université Fédérale
de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Virtualized Network Functions Description, Publication
and Discovery: Content Delivery Networks as Case
Study
Seminar STORE , Feb 18, 2019, ENAC, Toulouse.
Supervisors:• Sami YANGUI,
• Noura FACI,
• Khalil DRIRA,
• Said TAZI
Nour ElHouda NOUARPh.D. Student (2Y)
SARA Team, LAAS-CNRS
LAAS-CNRS
/ Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes du CNRS 2
Outline
● Context
● Motivating use case and Requirements
● Proposed System Architecture
○ A novel VNF description model/language
○ A novel VNF Discovery approach
● Validation & Evaluation
● Lessons learned & Next steps
Seminar STORE , Feb 18, 2019, ENAC, Toulouse.
LAAS-CNRS
/ Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes du CNRS 3
Network Function Virtualization (NFV)
v
NATFirewallDPI Load Balancer
Software
Hardware
Specialized
appliances
Traditional Network Model:
APPLIANCE APPROACH v
Orchestrated, Automatic & Remote install
Virtualized Network Model:
VIRTUAL APPLIANCE APPROACH
Virtual
Network
Functions
(VNFs)
Common
Hardware
NAT Firewall
Load Balancer DPI
Seminar STORE , Feb 18, 2019, ENAC, Toulouse.
LAAS-CNRS
/ Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes du CNRS 4
Virtualized Network Function lifecycle
Source: M. Jacobs, P. Leydekkers, “Specification of synchronization in multimedia conferencing services using the TINAlifecycle model”, Distrib. Syst. Eng., vol. 3, 1996, pp. 185–196.
3. Publication5. Deployment
6. Management 2. Description
1. Development
4. Discovery
VNF lifecycle
Seminar STORE , Feb 18, 2019, ENAC, Toulouse.
LAAS-CNRS
/ Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes du CNRS 5
The high level cases selected by the NFV ETSI ISG
(1) Network Functions Virtualization Infrastructure as a Service,
(2) Virtual Network Functions as a Service,
(3) Virtual Network Platform as a Service,
(4) VNF (Virtual Network Functions) Forwarding Graphs,
(5) Virtualization of Mobile Core Network and IMS,
(6) Virtualization of Mobile Base Station,
(7) Virtualization of the Home Environment,
(8) Virtualization of CDNs,
(9) Fixed Access Network Functions Virtualization.
NFV Applications and use cases
Seminar STORE , Feb 18, 2019, ENAC, Toulouse.
LAAS-CNRS
/ Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes du CNRS 6
Outline
● Context
● Motivating use case and Requirements
● Proposed System Architecture
○ A novel VNF description model/language
○ A novel VNF Discovery approach
● Validation & Evaluation
● Lessons learned & Next steps
Seminar STORE , Feb 18, 2019, ENAC, Toulouse.
LAAS-CNRS
/ Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes du CNRS 7
VNFs use in CDN
Jean
CDN
Request
This can lead to more agile networks, with
significant Opex and Capex savings
Virtualized Video
Mixer
Virtualized Video
Transcoder
Virtualized Video
Compressor
Seminar STORE , Feb 18, 2019, ENAC, Toulouse.
LAAS-CNRS
/ Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes du CNRS 8
Motivating use case
Jean
CDN
World Cup match Commentary + Sign language video+ MPEG
Virtualized
Video Mixer
Virtualized
Video Mixer
A priori
Discovery
Pre-defined
Selection Virtualized
Video
Transcoder
Static
Chain
Seminar STORE , Feb 18, 2019, ENAC, Toulouse.
LAAS-CNRS
/ Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes du CNRS 9
Problem Statement
• Lack of common understanding for VNF description due to:
o Different providers, different technologies
o Implicit knowledge (diverse interpretations)
• Heterogeneity among different VNF Providers
o Existing descriptors and repositories are properties for the
providers and for the domain
o Human intervention
• Manual discovery process:
o Time consuming
o Possible Inefficient results (limited VNF candidates)
Seminar STORE , Feb 18, 2019, ENAC, Toulouse.
LAAS-CNRS
/ Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes du CNRS 10
Associated Requirements
● A generic and unified VNF description model for discovery purpose:
o Covers different providers’ terminology,
o Supports functional and non-functional properties.
● Federated repositories where VNFs and their related descriptors can
be aggregated and exposed to the CDN providers.
● A unified and efficient discovery procedure that implements a
relevant, precise and rapid matchmaking between the offered and the
required VNFs.
Seminar STORE , Feb 18, 2019, ENAC, Toulouse.
LAAS-CNRS
/ Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes du CNRS 11
● Define VIrtualized Network FunctIoN ontoloGy (VIKING) as
a semantic representation of the VNF
o Supports the VNF’s lifecycle (Describe, Publish, Discover,
Deploy/Configure and execute)
● Propose a tool that:
o Assists the developer to describe the VNFs (consistency
checking)
o Assists the provider to publish it
o Rewrites the consumer request
o Automates VNF discovery thanks to VIKING
Approach overview
Seminar STORE , Feb 18, 2019, ENAC, Toulouse.
LAAS-CNRS
/ Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes du CNRS 12
Outline
● Context
● Motivating use case and requirement
● Proposed System Architecture
○ A novel VNF description model/language
○ A novel VNF Discovery approach
● Validation & Evaluation
● Lessons learned & Next steps
Seminar STORE , Feb 18, 2019, ENAC, Toulouse.
LAAS-CNRS
/ Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes du CNRS 13
2. Publication
PhaseFederated
Repositories
VNFDVNF
Federated
Repositories
2.2 Store VNF2.1 Publish VNFD
https://w3id.org/laas.iot/viking
1. Description
PhaseDeveloper
1.2 Enrich
VNFDVNFD
1.1 Describe VNF
Provider
3. Discovery
Phase 3.2 Match VNFD-
Request
3.1 Formlize the
Resquest
VNF
Consumer
Request 3.4 Download3.3 Discover VNFDs
An overview of the system architecture
Seminar STORE , Feb 18, 2019, ENAC, Toulouse.
LAAS-CNRS
/ Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes du CNRS 14
2. Publication
PhaseFederated
Repositories
VNFDVNF
Federated
Repositories
2.2 Store VNF2.1 Publish VNFD
https://w3id.org/laas.iot/viking
1. Description
PhaseDeveloper
1.2 Enrich
VNFDVNFD
1.1 Describe VNF
Provider
3. Discovery
Phase 3.2 Match VNFD-
Request
3.1 Formlize the
Resquest
VNF
Consumer
Request 3.4 Download3.3 Discover VNFDs
An overview of the system architecture
The VNF Description model :
• Efficiently describe VNFs through well-defined descriptions aligned to VIKING Specification
• Describe Functional, Non-Functional requirements and Deployment information
• Publish VNFs and the descriptions into accessible VNF stores
Seminar STORE , Feb 18, 2019, ENAC, Toulouse.
LAAS-CNRS
/ Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes du CNRS 15
VIKING Structural Elements
Functional
properties
Non-Functional
properties
Mandatory
Seminar STORE , Feb 18, 2019, ENAC, Toulouse.
LAAS-CNRS
/ Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes du CNRS 16
VNF
VIKING Attributes and Relations
Operation
Standard
Technique
Content
Content
attribute
Deployment
BillingDevice
Feature
DateTime
int
String
String
String
Has_id
What it
doesVNF
Profile
How it
worksNon-
functional
Seminar STORE , Feb 18, 2019, ENAC, Toulouse.
LAAS-CNRS
/ Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes du CNRS 17
VIKING Inference rules
Consistency checking
Reasoning for VNF description
Seminar STORE , Feb 18, 2019, ENAC, Toulouse.
LAAS-CNRS
/ Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes du CNRS 18
VNF Description & Publication Demonstration
Seminar STORE , Feb 18, 2019, ENAC, Toulouse.
LAAS-CNRS
/ Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes du CNRS 19
Outline
● Context
● Motivating use case and requirement
● Proposed System Architecture
○ A novel VNF description model/language
○ A novel VNF Discovery approach
● Validation & Evaluation
● Lessons learned & Next steps
Seminar STORE , Feb 18, 2019, ENAC, Toulouse.
LAAS-CNRS
/ Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes du CNRS 20
2. Publication
Phase Federated
Repositories
VNFD VNF
Federated
Repositories
2.2 Store VNF2.1 Publish VNFD
https://w3id.org/laas.iot/viking
1. Description
PhaseDeveloper
1.2 Enrich
VNFD
VNF
D1.1 Describe VNF
Provider
3. Discovery
Phase3.2 Match
VNFD-Request
3.1 Formlize the
Resquest
VNF
Consumer
Request 3.4 Download3.3 Discover VNFDs
An overview of the VNF discovery framework
The VNF Discovery Process aims to locate the appropriate VNF for a given
request:
(1)Easily and dynamically discover VNFs on demand
(2)Propose a novel approach to enhance VNF discovery
(3)Develop an efficient semantic VNF matchmaking
Seminar STORE , Feb 18, 2019, ENAC, Toulouse.
LAAS-CNRS
/ Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes du CNRS 21
Request Formalization
● Formulate a user Request○ Request description includes both functional
and non-functional requirements
● Specify a Global Preferences for
Functional set, Non-Functional set and
Properties set.
● Set Properties Preferences○ Be able to indicate the compulsory
requirements
○ Be able to designate the negotiable
requirements
Seminar STORE , Feb 18, 2019, ENAC, Toulouse.
LAAS-CNRS
/ Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes du CNRS 22
VNF Discovery Demonstration
Seminar STORE , Feb 18, 2019, ENAC, Toulouse.
LAAS-CNRS
/ Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes du CNRS 23
Outline
● Context
● Motivating use case and Requirements
● Proposed System Architecture
○ A novel VNF description model/language
○ A novel VNF Discovery approach
● Validation & Evaluation
● Lessons learned & Next steps
Seminar STORE , Feb 18, 2019, ENAC, Toulouse.
LAAS-CNRS
/ Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes du CNRS 24
● To validate the proposed Algorithm:
○ We generate a Test Collection for each VNF type of 200 sample,
○ We variate the VNFDs information in each set
■ Check the coherence
■ Check the robustness
Algorithm Validation
Seminar STORE , Feb 18, 2019, ENAC, Toulouse.
LAAS-CNRS
/ Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes du CNRS 25
● VNFs Generator
Algorithm Validation
Seminar STORE , Feb 18, 2019, ENAC, Toulouse.
LAAS-CNRS
/ Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes du CNRS 26
Request VNF Global
Preference
VT_
9500
VT_
7588
VT_
4341
Operations
Transcoding(B)
60%
Transmuxing (B)
Contents
Video
Audio
Image
Techniques
Spatial adaptation
Quality adaptation (B)
Standards
H.261
MPEG-1
MPEG-2 (C)
MPEG-4(C)
HEVC
Devices
Xbox
30%
Playstation(C)
Android
Features
Rotate(C)
Deinterlacing(C)
Scaling(C)
Properties Preference 10%
Rank 8 9 10
Algorithm Validation
Seminar STORE , Feb 18, 2019, ENAC, Toulouse.
LAAS-CNRS
/ Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes du CNRS 27
Request VNF Global
Preference
VT_
9500
VT_
7588
VT_
4341
Operations
Transcoding(C)
60%
Transmuxing (B)
Contents
Video
Audio
Image
Techniques
Spatial adaptation
Quality adaptation (B)
Standards
H.261
MPEG-1
MPEG-2 (C)
MPEG-4(C)
HEVC
Devices
Xbox
30%
Playstation(C)
Android
Features
Rotate(C)
Deinterlacing(C)
Scaling(C)
Properties Preference 10%
Rank 9 8 11
Algorithm Validation
Seminar STORE , Feb 18, 2019, ENAC, Toulouse.
LAAS-CNRS
/ Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes du CNRS 28
Set’s global Preferences:
FP=30%, NFP=60%, Prefs=10%
Set’s global Preferences:
FP=60%, NFP=30%, Prefs=10%
Algorithm Validation
Seminar STORE , Feb 18, 2019, ENAC, Toulouse.
LAAS-CNRS
/ Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes du CNRS 29
System Evaluations
Response timeis the time duration between VNF
users sending a request and receiving
the corresponding response.
Recallis defined as the fraction of
relevant VNFs that are retrieved
to the user request.
Precisionis defined as the fraction of
retrieved VNFs that are relevant
to the user request.
Seminar STORE , Feb 18, 2019, ENAC, Toulouse.
LAAS-CNRS
/ Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes du CNRS 30
Outline
● Context
● Motivating use case and requirement
● Proposed System Architecture
○ A novel VNF description model/language
○ A novel VNF Discovery approach
● Validation & Evaluation
● Lessons learned & Next steps
Seminar STORE , Feb 18, 2019, ENAC, Toulouse.
LAAS-CNRS
/ Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes du CNRS 31
● Lessons learned
○ Proposal of a novel VNF Description Model that helps each of VNF
Developer and VNF Provider to describe their VNF.
○ Proposal of a novel VNF Discovery Approach that helps the user to get
the most appropriate VNFs match his request and his preferences.
● Next steps
○ Dynamic Service Composition and Chaining, Provides the adaptation of
the dynamic changes of the users needs
Lessons learned and Next steps
Seminar STORE , Feb 18, 2019, ENAC, Toulouse.
LAAS-CNRS
/ Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes du CNRS 32Seminar STORE , Feb 18, 2019, ENAC, Toulouse.