VESICOURETERAL REFLUXVESICOURETERAL REFLUXBy: Manpreet and MunnyBy: Manpreet and Munny
What is it?• A physical defect resulting from an abnormal fold of
tissues in the urethra that keeps urine from flowing freely
• Only affects one ureter and kidney is called unilateral reflux
• The one that affects both kidneys and ureter is called bilateral reflux
• Reflux means the flow back of urine
Primary VUR
• Is when a child is born with a undeveloped ureter during the development in the womb (inherited)
• Occurs because the bladder wall doesn't close properly which causes urine to go back to the kidneys
• It can be treated on its own as the child grows and the ureter gets longer also and the functions of the valve improves
Primary VUR
Picture of a urinary tract infections.
Secondary VUR
• Blockage in the urinary tract that causes an increase in pressure, which pushes the urine back to the ureter
Symptoms
• Child has no symptoms
• When present in a child, it's a urinary tract infection due to a place for bacteria to grow
• Urinary tract infection
Risks
• Bacteria can move into kidneys which causes scarring, that can be associated with high blood pressure and kidney failure
Treatments for primary VUR
• Long term use of antibiotics
• Surgery but only when a scan shows inflammation of kidneys
• Deflux; a liquid that contains complex sugar are alternative treatments for surgery
Treatments for secondary VUR
• Surgery
• Antibiotics
• Draining the bladder by inserting a thin tube(catheter)
Antibiotics
• Amoxicillin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
• Prevent or treat infections, or reduce a chance of scarring which can lead to kidney damage
• Child may have to take it continuously until better
Statistics
• 1% of general population
• 50% of children with urinary tract infection will have VUR
• Ages from new borns to toddlers(primary)
• Any age group (secondary)
Bibliography
• kidney.niddk.gov/kudiseases/pubs/vesicoureteral
• healthlinkbc.ca/kb/content/special/tv7733spec.html
The end