Using Digital Video (DV) as a Using Digital Video (DV) as a medium for Process medium for Process Documentation (PD)Documentation (PD)
By Joshka WesselsBy Joshka Wessels
I hear I forgetI hear I forget
I see I rememberI see I remember
I do and I understandI do and I understand
Chinese ProverbChinese Proverb
Principles are “participatory”Principles are “participatory”
Participatory Video (PV) Participatory Video (PV) Process Documentation (PD)Process Documentation (PD) Most Significant Change (MSC) Most Significant Change (MSC)
Learning Alliances (LA)Learning Alliances (LA) Participatory Action Research (PAR)Participatory Action Research (PAR)
Video knows many facesVideo knows many faces
Too often the medium of video is used Too often the medium of video is used for advocacy and raising awarenessfor advocacy and raising awareness
ONLYONLY
The use of video The use of video in social changein social change
New approaches in communicating New approaches in communicating with civil society, people, farmers with civil society, people, farmers and scientists involving them in and scientists involving them in identifying issues that affected them identifying issues that affected them most directly most directly
A tool for PDA tool for PD
Access to digital video technology Access to digital video technology (DV) is wider than ever before(DV) is wider than ever before
Capturing fully what happens on the Capturing fully what happens on the groundground
Document significant eventsDocument significant events Record culture, practices and history Record culture, practices and history
A tool for PD (2)A tool for PD (2)
Enhance and empower voicesEnhance and empower voices Give opportunity to create own Give opportunity to create own
vision vision Disseminate research resultsDisseminate research results Facilitate horizontal and vertical Facilitate horizontal and vertical
communication and learningcommunication and learning
Advantage/DisadvantagesAdvantage/Disadvantages
Capture wide rangeCapture wide range Clear story tellingClear story telling Facilitates Facilitates
communicationcommunication Reach a wide audienceReach a wide audience Brings relationships to Brings relationships to
surfacesurface Entertaining for Entertaining for
everyoneeveryone Variety of usesVariety of uses
Intimidating for Intimidating for stakeholdersstakeholders
Complex technologyComplex technology Difficult access remote Difficult access remote
areasareas Too much focus on Too much focus on
technologytechnology Can stir and upset Can stir and upset
power relationspower relations Time consumingTime consuming Strenuous for budgetsStrenuous for budgets
Production process for PDProduction process for PD
Plethora of various formats and Plethora of various formats and purposespurposes
Internal or external production Internal or external production Interactive use/ICT based technologiesInteractive use/ICT based technologies Learning AlliancesLearning Alliances The main aspect of a video product is The main aspect of a video product is
the principle of the principle of storytellingstorytelling
Creating an audiovisual storyCreating an audiovisual story
5 W's; Who, What, When, Where, and 5 W's; Who, What, When, Where, and WhyWhy
Protagonist, antagonist, plot, setting, Protagonist, antagonist, plot, setting, turning point, dialog, introduction, turning point, dialog, introduction, conclusion, narration, and points of viewconclusion, narration, and points of view
Think 4D: Moving image, music & sound Think 4D: Moving image, music & sound design, space, people, duration, location design, space, people, duration, location
Two styles of approach: storyboard and Two styles of approach: storyboard and scriptscript
The BasicsThe Basics
Listen carefully to each other’s ideasListen carefully to each other’s ideas Respect each other’s opinionRespect each other’s opinion Tolerance for differenceTolerance for difference No looking good at another’s expense, No looking good at another’s expense,
applaud others’ successesapplaud others’ successes There is more than one answer for the There is more than one answer for the
task at handtask at hand Attempt to listen naively as if you do not Attempt to listen naively as if you do not
possess prior knowledgepossess prior knowledge
The ProcessThe Process
Pre-productionPre-production ProductionProduction Post-productionPost-production
The TeamThe Team
Camera operatorCamera operator Sound personSound person DirectorDirector ProducerProducer EditorEditor Executive producerExecutive producer
Sound and imageSound and image
““Sound is more Sound is more
important than image”important than image”
Fundamental shotsFundamental shots
Extreme Close UpExtreme Close Up Close Up - POWERFULClose Up - POWERFUL Medium shot – BREAD AND BUTTERMedium shot – BREAD AND BUTTER Long or wide shot – LOTS OF Long or wide shot – LOTS OF
INFORMATIONINFORMATION Extreme Long shotExtreme Long shot
Coverage of an eventCoverage of an event
Different camera anglesDifferent camera angles Establishing shotEstablishing shot Cut-away or insertCut-away or insert Shot/reverse shotShot/reverse shot Over-shoulder shotOver-shoulder shot Point-of-view shotPoint-of-view shot
Conventions for compositionConventions for composition
Rule of thirdsRule of thirds Head and nose roomHead and nose room DiagonalsDiagonals DepthDepth Centre of interestCentre of interest Number of peopleNumber of people Camera heightCamera height THE 180 DEGREES RULE ..…THE 180 DEGREES RULE ..…
Tips for shootingTips for shooting Select frame and record a shot long enoughSelect frame and record a shot long enough Shoot to edit and think in a non-linear wayShoot to edit and think in a non-linear way Better to move in than zoom inBetter to move in than zoom in Keep steady and don’t move while recordingKeep steady and don’t move while recording Lighting…the terrible backlight problem.Lighting…the terrible backlight problem. Sound ….the terrible windy desertsSound ….the terrible windy deserts Kids…..People in the background…..Kids…..People in the background….. Noise, Radios ….Noise, Radios ….
How much material ?How much material ?
VIDEO IS BIG: VIDEO IS BIG:
4,5 minutes = 1 GIGABYTE4,5 minutes = 1 GIGABYTE
Documentary 30:1Documentary 30:1 Feature film 12:1Feature film 12:1 Video clips 6:1Video clips 6:1 News items 3:1News items 3:1
Shoot-to-editShoot-to-edit
Think non-lineair and 4D Think non-lineair and 4D Work with structure and layersWork with structure and layers 1 timeline with shots down to 25 1 timeline with shots down to 25
frames in a secondframes in a second More than 99 audio channelsMore than 99 audio channels More than 99 video layersMore than 99 video layers
Selecting shotsSelecting shots
Is the content compelling?Is the content compelling? Do I have the sequence structure ?Do I have the sequence structure ? Do I have the coverage ?Do I have the coverage ? Does it fit in the story ?Does it fit in the story ?
EditingEditing
The cinematographic approachThe cinematographic approach The journalistic approachThe journalistic approach Jumpcuts Jumpcuts Hard cut or effectsHard cut or effects Breaking the rules and conventionsBreaking the rules and conventions
How to keep an editor happy How to keep an editor happy
TIMECODE, TIMECODE, TIMECODETIMECODE, TIMECODE, TIMECODE Structure, structure, structureStructure, structure, structure Good preparation and loggingGood preparation and logging
DistributionDistribution
Upscaling experiencesUpscaling experiences Broad and narrow castBroad and narrow cast Videotape, CD-ROM DVDVideotape, CD-ROM DVD InternetInternet
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