America in the War“The
Doughboys”- Go Over There –
#21
MobilizationThe U.S. prepares for War
How will America get ready to fight?
1) Selective Service Act (Conscription)- 1st draft in America since the Civil War- All Men Age (18-45) had to enroll - A lottery actually determined the draft- Many Men enlisted themselves(volunteered)- 4.8 Million Troops were raised
Wilson selects the 1st Draft Inductees
2)Production of Weapons increased
3) Income Taxes were Raised
16th Am. For the Progressives now extend to help pay for the war –
wealthy pd. 77%- only top 5% paid taxes – 1/3 of war cost
In 1917 the Fed. Budget was almost equal to all the budgets from 1791-1916
Where did the rest of the money come from?
- Clue: George Creel & The CPI
4) Liberty Bond CampaignU.S. Govt. Borrows $ from its Citizens -Encouraged to help with the war effort
5) Limited Rights of Americans speaking out against the War
Espionage & Sedition Acts were passed
**** Spying & Negative Talk**** -Made any obstruction of the war effort illegalEugene Debs(S) was thrown in prison
for speaking out against the warAll Things German Became Suspect
- German language not taught in schools
- dachshund (Liberty Pups)
University School of Milwaukee founded in 1851 as the
German-English Academy
Changed its name in 1917 because of Anti-German sentiment in Milwaukee
6) Citizens were asked to Conserve for the troops
Hooverizing :“Doing your part over here for the Boys over
there”
Grow Victory gardensSave fuelDaylight savings begins- One more hour of light
at night“Wheatless & Heatless” - Mondays
1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies
50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died
Wilson names Gen. John PershingCommander of the (AEF)American Expeditionary ForcesUntrained American Troops
(Doughboys)begin arriving in France – June 1917
Provided a great moral booster for Allied troops on the front
Marshall Fosh(Allied Commander)- wanted AEF as fillers to established lines
Pershing – wanted separate units of Am.
The YanksAre
Coming!
The YanksAre
Coming!
“Going Over There”convoys of ships
–troops were in the middle 5 ships
“Going Over There”convoys of ships
–troops were in the middle 5 ships
Eastern FrontRussia’s (Communist) Revolution at
home forces the to seek peace with
Germany(Treaty of Brest-Litovsk) – March 3, 1918
1 mill. German soldiers move to Western Front
Germany launches a series of Offensives
to crack the Allied line
A Multi-Front WarA Multi-Front War
Americans are Pressed in Action
Chateau-Thierry : (Am. & Fr.) hold a German advance outside of Paris
2nd Battle of the Marne – July 15th
Gr. Attack/hold/Fosh orders counter attack
“The Tide of the War begins to turn”
Americans in the TrenchesAmericans in the Trenches
“A Street in Arras”John Singer Sargent, 1918
“A Street in Arras”John Singer Sargent, 1918
American Heroes p. 568Alvin York - Medal of Honor 1918
Eddie Rickenbacker
- Ace Pilot (26 Kills) - Fought 7 Gr. Planes at once - Medal of Honor 1918
Charles Whittlesey - Hero / “The Lost Battalion”
Allies on the OffensiveBloody fighting begins to push the Germans back
1)St. Mihiel – U.S. Victory
2)Argonne Forest – Sept. 1918
over 1 million Americans were involved
(movie- The Lost Battalion)
Germany begins to realize defeat is eminent
- favorable peace is offered by Wilson(14pts)
The Lost Battalion – Film Notes#22
1. Identify the Following from the Movie:Maj. Charles Whittlesey / Capt. McMurtry / Sgt. Gaedeke / Cher Ami Pvt. Rosen / Pvt. Lipasti / Pvt. Yoder / Pvt. Krotoshinsky
2. Make a list of any WWI technologies present in the film3. Discuss the Following Statement from the Movie.Write at least three(2) paragraphs to explain how this became a true statement.“The Germans gave them two choices-Surrender or Die. They chose a third.”
11 a.m., November 11, 191811 a.m., November 11, 1918
The Armistice is Signed!
9,000,000 Battle Field Dead
37,000,000 Casualties
9,000,000 Battle Field Dead
37,000,000 Casualties
The Somme American Cemetery in France
The Somme American Cemetery in France
116,516 Americans Died116,516 Americans Died
World War I CasualtiesWorld War I Casualties
Series10
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,000
7,000,000
8,000,000
9,000,000
10,000,000 Russia
Germany
Austria-Hungary
France
Great Britain
Italy
Turkey
US
Additional Questions to Deepen your Study 1) What were several problems faced by Miranda in
“Pale Horse, Pale Rider”?2) Did Progressives in America support the War?
Explain3) Did women help in the War effort? Explain4) How were African-Am. troops treated in WWI?
- by the American Govt. & Allies(Fr.)Opinions5) Was it necessary to have a draft in WWI? Is a
Draft ever necessary? Explain your reasons6) Should U.S. troops ever be placed under the
command of foreign generals when we are at war? Explain