240th ACS meeting - Boston 23rd Aug 2010
Uranium carbide targets for Uranium carbide targets for radioactive ion beams: radioactive ion beams:
Review and new developmentsReview and new developments
[email protected]@cern.ch
Target and Ion Source DevelopmentTarget and Ion Source Development(EN(EN--STI) STI) ––
ISOLDEISOLDE
Radiochemistry at FRIBRadiochemistry at FRIB
240th ACS meeting - Boston T. Stora, CERN 23rd Aug 2010
(Radioactive) Ion Beam Facilities(Radioactive) Ion Beam Facilities
Hie isolde
EXCYT, IGISOL,SPES
EURISOL
240th ACS meeting - Boston T. Stora, CERN 23rd Aug 2010
10 MeV deuteronsd-to-n converter (Be)n moderator (wax)UO2
(10 kg) Baking powder
O.Kofoed-HansenK.O. NielsenDan. Mat.Fys.Medd. 26, no. 7 (1951)
ISOLDE “0”
89Kr (CO2
, H2
O, NH3
)
From CERN 76-13, 3rd
conf. nuclei far from stability
240th ACS meeting - Boston T. Stora, CERN 23rd Aug 2010
Fission probability
1.0E-04
1.0E-03
1.0E-02
1.0E-01
1.0E+00
1.0E+01
1.0E+02
0 50 100 150 200
A [amu]
Fiss
ion
prob
abili
ty [
%]
238U, 1.4 GeV p,f (2.59 barn) CASCABLA
238U, 600 MeV p,f (2.25 barn) CASCABLA
235U, Thermal n,f ( 582 barn)
Uranium targets for ISOL beamsUranium targets for ISOL beams
Reaction probability
1,E-05
1,E-04
1,E-03
1,E-02
1,E-01
0 50 100 150 200A [amu]
atom
/inci
dent
pro
ton
1.4 GeV p - ISOLDE 238UCx- FLUKA MC Code
Courtesy of E. Bouquerel
240th ACS meeting - Boston T. Stora, CERN 23rd Aug 2010
dx N/A x x)(E, (E) I ioneffdiff
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160Neutrons
Z
ISOLDENat. & stable
Targetdensity[g
cm-3]
Cross section[cm2]
TargetAtomic Mass
[g]
1.4 GeV
pn
238U
201Fr
+spallation
11Li X
+ +fragmentation
143Cs Y+ +
fission
p
Diffusion+Effusion
Efficiency
IonizationEfficiency
AvogadroNumb.
Actinide targets for ISOL radioisotope Actinide targets for ISOL radioisotope beamsbeams
RIB intensity[s-1
A-1]Proton beam
Intensity[s-1
A-1]
240th ACS meeting - Boston T. Stora, CERN 23rd Aug 2010
Production targetsProduction targets•
Actinide targets in 2006 (in 2009)–
196 shifts (out of 350.5) [56%] (282 : >60% of total)
–
11 new units ( 12)
Target distribution 2006
UC/ThC 56%
CeO 4%
Ti 4%
SiC 3% Sn 3% Pb 2%ZrO 1%
TISD 1%
Ta 11%
LaC 6%
Nb 6%
MgO 4%
From A. Herlert
240th ACS meeting - Boston T. Stora, CERN 23rd Aug 2010
R. Klapish et al.(UCx at CERN-PS&IPNO/CSNSM, 1967)
Fission(10.5GeV p on ThCx)
Rb releasePhys Rev Lett, 1968
AfterProtonpulse
After 8 sec.
11stst
Targets used at CERNTargets used at CERN--PS for PS for alkali metals (p 10alkali metals (p 10--24 24 GeVGeV))
Target preparation:5cm long, 6mm diameter.36x 70m C, 1-10m (1-8mg/cm2) U compound, 100m gap: tot 0.3g/cm2
UOperated at ca 1500°C
UO2
(NO3
)2
.6(H2
O) layer, converted to UO3
at 200°CHeated further to obtain U3
O8
/ UC /UC2
/ oxycarbide
Na from Ir/C target
240th ACS meeting - Boston T. Stora, CERN 23rd Aug 2010
Target and Ion source(1967, CERN-ISOLDE)
11stst
Target units used at CERNTarget units used at CERN--SC SC ISOLDE 1ISOLDE 1--2 (p 600 2 (p 600 MeVMeV))
240th ACS meeting - Boston T. Stora, CERN 23rd Aug 2010
Evolution of yields over yearsEvolution of yields over yearsEvolution of Rb yields
1,0E+00
1,0E+01
1,0E+02
1,0E+03
1,0E+04
1,0E+05
1,0E+06
1,0E+07
1,0E+08
1,0E+09
1,0E+10
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100A [amu]
yiel
d [/
C]
1967 yield 150MeV (0.3g/cm2)
1980 yield 600MeV SC (13g/cm2)
1995 yield 1.4GeV PSB (45g/cm2)
1E-031E-02
1E-011E+ 00
1E+ 011E+ 02
1E+ 03
0,00%0,01%0,10%1,00%
10,00%100,00%
UC135-PSBKlapishLigne 46
t im e (s)
Rel
ease
d f
ract
ion
From Carraz et alNIM 1978
T1/2 (s)
Fit with diffusion & effusiontime cst
240th ACS meeting - Boston T. Stora, CERN 23rd Aug 2010
Target mass related to beam Target mass related to beam intensitiesintensities
R. Cardinale, T. StoraEURISOL-DS, poster final town meeting Pisa
100 8mm diam U/C composite foils, 5-10mg/cm2
U, tot ~1g/cm2
U, 1600°C
(C Thibault et al., Phys Rev C, 1975)
440ms 48ms22.5s 31ms60sPS
240th ACS meeting - Boston T. Stora, CERN 23rd Aug 2010
Beams are always delivered at Beams are always delivered at constant intensities ?constant intensities ?
240th ACS meeting - Boston 23rd Aug 2010
•Uranium Carbide Pills
–UO2
+ 6C → UC2
+ 2C + 2CO
•Target of ~50gcm-2
•Uranyl Nitrate UO2
(NO3
)2
–U3
O8
+ 20C → 3UC2
+ 6C + 8CO
•Thorium Carbide
–ThO2
+ 6C → ThC2
+ 2C + 2CO
•Thoria felt
Actinide Target production at ISOLDEActinide Target production at ISOLDE
(HfO felts)
240th ACS meeting - Boston 23rd Aug 2010
bulk = 3.5 g/cm3
Characterization UCx ISOLDECharacterization UCx ISOLDE
L. Biasetto et al.
How to do release modeling from this material ?
240th ACS meeting - Boston T. Stora, CERN 23rd Aug 20101414
High density UC target @ CERNHigh density UC target @ CERN
•
Importation from Russia of HD-UC pellets to CERN (It took 2 years):
Set 1: 100 pillsUC (U5:0.38%), 13.2mm diam, 1mm thick, 12.3g/cm3, avg. grain 10 m , UC2<4%
Set 2: 300 pillsUC (U5:0.38%), 13.2mm diam, 1mm thick, 12.7g/cm3, avg. grain 6 m , UC2<4%
240th ACS meeting - Boston T. Stora, CERN 23rd Aug 2010
ActiLab in FP7ActiLab in FP7--ENSARENSAR
U Padova
240th ACS meeting - Boston T. Stora, CERN 23rd Aug 2010
Task 1: Synthesis of new actinide targets (CERN, INFN, IPNO) Subtask 1: Sol-gel synthesis in complex fluids (“Chimie douce”)Subtask 2: Nanostructures
Task 2: Characterization of actinide targets (CERN, INFN) Subtask 1: Microstructure, porosity, specific surface, crystalline phaseSubtask 2: Emissivity, thermal conductivity at high temperature
Task 3: Actinide targets properties after irradiation (CERN, PSI) Subtask 1: Post-irradiation examination of target prototypes
Task 4: Online tests of actinide targets (CERN, GANIL, IPNO) Subtask 1: Impact of pulse time structure on release and ageing propertiesSubtask 2: Analysis of the results-effusion and diffusion phenomena
Project task breakProject task break--downdown
240th ACS meeting - Boston T. Stora, CERN 23rd Aug 2010
And the futureAnd the future
High power nanostructuredoxide target / CERN patent
~1e15 fis/s= 30kW Massive UC target for SPIRAL II
240th ACS meeting - Boston T. Stora, CERN 23rd Aug 2010
Conclusion and OutlookConclusion and Outlook
•
New production and characterizarion methods are now accessible to provide a new generation of Uranium ISOL targets.
229RnPhys Rev Lett 2009
N=Z 44Ti, 48Cr, 50Mn52Fe, 56Ni, 58Cu
240th ACS meeting - Boston T. Stora, CERN 23rd Aug 2010
1013-1014
6He/18Ne/s for
beams:long base line neutrino oscillation experiment for CP violiation in the leptonic sector
200kW neutron spallation sourceto produce ca 5 1013
fast n/cm2/sover 200cm2
700kW «
ISOL
»
targets